Diversity in the European Union PDF
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Diversity in the European Union This page intentionally left blank Diversity in the European Union Editedby ElisabethPrügl andMarkus Thiel diversityintheeuropeanunion Copyright©ElisabethPrüglandMarkusThiel,2009 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-61929-6 Allrightsreserved. Firstpublishedin2009byPALGRAVEMACMILLAN®inthe UnitedStates-adivisionofSt.Martin’sPressLLC,175FifthAvenue, NewYork,NY10010. WherethisbookisdistributedintheUK,Europeandtherestofthe world,thisisbyPalgraveMacmillan,adivisionofMacmillan PublishersLimited,registeredinEngland,companynumber785998, ofHoundmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabove companiesandhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnited States,theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-38197-5 ISBN 978-0-230-10416-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230104167 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData DesignbyIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd Firstedition:December2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents ListofTablesandFigures vii Preface ix NotesonContributors xi Part 1 Introduction 1 UnderstandingDiversityintheEuropeanIntegration Project 3 MarkusThielandElisabethPrügl 2 TheEuropeanUnion’sPoliciestoSafeguardandPromote Diversity 21 JokeSwiebel Part 2 MigrantsandMuslims 3 TheSuccessandFailureofIntegrationPolicyinFrance andBritain:ConvergenceofPolicyandDivergenceof Results 39 MartinA.Schain 4 NegotiatingThird-CountryNationalRightsinthe EuropeanUnion 59 EmekM.Uçarer 5 MigrantWomen:NegotiatingRightsandRecognitionin thePoliticalandLegalFrameworkoftheEuropean Union 77 HelenSchwenken 6 NewMuslimPluralismandSecularDemocracyin TurkeyandtheEU 95 MuratSomerandGönülTol vi CONTENTS Part 3 SexualMinoritiesandGender 7 Returnto(Illiberal)Diversity?ResistingGayRightsin PolandandLatvia 115 ConorO’DwyerandKatrinaZ.S.Schwartz 8 DiversityBeforetheEuropeanCourtofJustice:TheCase ofLesbian,Gay,Bisexual,andTransgenderRights 135 GabrielN.Toggenburg 9 Intersectionality,Inequality,AndEULaw 155 R.AmyElman 10 IntersectionalDiscrimination:Difficultiesinthe ImplementationofaEuropeanNorm 169 SnjezanaVasiljevi´c Part 4 NationalandCulturalMinorities 11 LetFreedomReign:TheImpressofEUIntegrationon MinoritySurvival 185 ColinH.Williams 12 EuropeanIntegrationandEthnicMobilizationin NewlyAdmittedCountries:TheCaseoftheHungarian MinorityinRomania 205 LaviniaBucsa 13 EuropeanNorms,LocalInterpretations:MinorityRights IssuesandRelatedDiscoursesinLithuaniaafter EUExpansion 221 Dovil˙eBudryt˙eandVilanaPilinkait˙e-Sotiroviˇc Part 5 Conclusion 14 TheorizingDiversityintheEuropeanUnion 237 MarkusThielandElisabethPrügl Bibliography 249 Index 285 List of Tables and Figures Tables 3.1 EducationalAttainmentofImmigrantPopulations ComparedwithNativeBorn,2004 52 3.2 PoliticalIntegrationofImmigrantPopulations,2004 53 3.3 AttitudestowardImmigrantsandMuslims 54 3.4 MuslimsinEurope:AttitudestowardIdentity,Fellow Citizens,andModernity 54 7.1 SupportforEUMembershipAccordingto EurobarometerPublicOpinionSurveys 122 11.1 TheChangingNatureoftheDebate 188 Figures 7.1 PartyPositionsonEuroskepticismandSocial Conservatism,byCountry 123 7.2 PartyPositionsonNationalismandSocialConservatism, byCountry 127 This page intentionally left blank Preface This volume originated in a conference on Diversity and European Integration, held in March 2008 at Florida International University in Miami,undertheauspicesoftheMiami-FloridaEuropeanUnionCenter ofExcellence.Themotto“unitedindiversity”hadrepeatedlyemergedin EuropeanUnion(EU)communicationssincetheturnofthecentury.In addition,2008wastheEuropeanYearofInterculturalDialogue,follow- ingtheEU’sthemedYearofEqualOpportunitiesforAllin2007.Inthis context of enhanced attention given to issues of diversity, we felt com- pelledtoexploremoredeeplyminoritypoliticsandpoliticsofdifference in the EU and their relationship to the EU integration process. Reflect- ing our theme, we invited both empirical and theoretical contributions frommultipledisciplinesanda varietyofsocialscienceperspectives. We alsosoughttoprovideperspectivesfromvariouslocations—includingthe European institutions and old, new, and aspiring member states—and ondifferentgroupsofminorities—includingmigrants;Muslims;lesbian, gay,bisexual,andtransgenderpeople(LGBT);andnational,cultural,and linguistic minorities. This diversity of contributions allowed us to bring togetherconversationsthatareusuallyconductedseparately—suchasthe conversations over national and sexual minorities or the conversations overimmigrantrightsandculturalminorities. Inourefforttogivecoherencetothisvolume,wefounditnecessaryto reducethisdiversity.Thevolumeshowcasesthemoreempiricallyoriented presentationsfromtheconferencesupplementedbypaperswesolicitedto fill in gaps. We hope that the resulting synopsis will broaden knowledge aboutdiversityintheEUandstimulatefurtherresearchontheissue. The conference that spawned this book would not have been possi- ble without the financial support of the European Commission and its delegationinWashington,D.C.,throughtheMiami-FloridaEUCenter of Excellence. We would like to thank the center’s assistant director, Christine Caly-Sanchez, for her tremendous help in organizing the con- ference.Wealsowouldliketothankthepresentersandtheparticipating
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