Distribution of a northern fauna of Noctuidae in the mountains of Oregon

5 Pages·1997·2.4 MB·English

by  Paul C Hammond

Volume 51, Number 1 97
Literature Cited
BREESE, E. L. 1969. The measurementandsignificanceofgenotypeenvironmentinterac-
tions ingrasses. Heredity24:27-44.
DlCKERSON, G. E. 1962. Implications of genetic environmental interaction in animal
breeding. AnimalPred. 4:47-64.
FALCONER, D. S. 1952. Theproblemofenvironmentandselection. Am. Nat. 86:293-298.
Hanson, W. D. 1964. Genotype environment interaction concepts forfield experiments.
Biometrics20:540-552.
Jolly, M. S., S. K. Sen, T N. Sonwalkar & G. K. Prasad. 1979. Non-mulberry.silks.
FoodandAgriculture Organizationofthe United Nations, Rome. 178pp.
PLAISTED, P. L. & L. C. PETERSON. 1959. A technique forevaluatingthe abilityofselec-
tiontoyieldconsistentlyindifferentlocationsorseasons. Am. Potato 36:381—385.
J.
A. K. SENGUPTA, Silkworm Breeding and Genetics Section, Central Sericultural Re-
search and Training Institute, Berhampore 742-101, West Bengal, India, AND A. A. SlD-
DIQUI, RegionalMuga Research Station, Boko, 781-123, Assam, India.
Receivedforpublication 4January 1993; revisedandaccepted13Maij 1996.
JournaloftheLepidopterists'Society
51(1), 1997,97-101
DISTRIBUTION OFA NORTHERN FAUNAOF NOCTUIDAE IN THE
MOUNTAINS OFOREGON
Additional keywords: endemism, non-targetspecies, biogeography.
Althoughthe Oregonbutterflyfaunahasbeenwell studied (Dornfeld 1980), compara-
tivelylittlewasknownaboutthe Oregon mothfaunauntilabout 1960. Duringthepast30
years, extensive collecting has been conducted in the state, most notablyby Stanley G.
Jewett, Jr., C. William Nelson, James H. Baker, Elmer L. Griepentrog, Victor B.
McHenry, KennethJ. Goeden, andJeffreyC. Miller. From 1992 through 1995, the U. S.
Forest Service also conducted extensive blacklight (UV) trap sampling in the Cascade
Rangeandthe Blue MountainstoassesstheimpactsonnontargetLepidopteraofBacillus
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki sprays for suppression ofoutbreaks ofwestern spruce bud-
worm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman: Tortricidae) (see Grimble etal. 1992 forde-
tailsofthe samplingprotocolsinthese studies).
Various components of this moth fauna show biogeographic connections with the
northern Pacific Coast, California, the Great Basin, and the northern Rocky Mountains.
In this paper,we reporton anorthern faunaofNoctuidae that is transcontinental across
Canada from Quebec to British Columbia, extending southward through the Appalachi-
ans to North Carolina, the Rocky Mountains, and the mountains ofOregon. The fauna
has been enumerated by Rockburne and Lafontaine (1976), Prentice (1962) and from a
survey of museum records. Only those species typical of northern hardwood-conifer
forests, meadows, orwetlands areincludedinthisstudy; ubiquitous and/ormigratoryspe-
cies throughout most ofNorth America, such as Heliothis zea (Boddie) and Peridroma
saucia (Hbn.), areexcludedfrom consideration.
This northern noctuid faunais largelyconfined to three mountainous regions ofOre-
gon; thenorthern Coast Range, the Cascade Range, and the Blue Mountains. The north-
ern Coast Range consists oflow mountains 300-600 m in elevation, with a few higher
peaks to 900 m, extending from Clatsop County to coastal Lane County. The Cascade
Range extends from Multnomah and Wasco Counties south to Jackson and Klamath
Counties. The lower Cascade foothills ofthe western slope extend from 150-1500 m,
whereas the high Cascades are 1200-2100 m in elevation, with highvolcanic peaks over
3000 m. The Blue Mountains extend from Crook Countynortheast toWallowa County,
98 Journalof the Lepidopterists' Society
TABLE 1. Distribution ofnorthern species of Noctuidae in the Coast Range (CO),
Cascade Range (CA), and the Blue Mountains (BM) ofOregon. X = collected, O = not
collected).
Species CO CA BM
Abrostolaurentis Gn. X X o
Acronictafragilis Gn. X X X
Acronictafuneralis G.&R. X X o
AcronictagriseaWlk. X X X
Acronicta impleta Wlk. X X X
Acronicta impressaWlk. X X X
Acronictainnotata Gn. o o X
Acronictalepusculina Gn. o o X
Acronicta radcliffei (Harv.) X X o
Agroperina inficita (Wlk.) o o X
Agrotisobliqua (Sm.) o X X
AgrotisvenerabilisWlk. o X X
Aletiaoxygala (Grt.) X X X
Alypialangtoni Couper X X o
Amphipoeaamericana (Speyer) X X o
Amphipyrapyramidoides Gn. X X o
Amphipyratragopoginis (Cl.) X X X
Anaplectoidesprasina D.& S. X X X
Anaplectoidespressus (Grt.) o X X
Anathixputa (G. & R.) o X X
Androlomamaccullochi (Kby.) X X X
Anhimellacontrahens (Wlk.) o X X
Apameaalia (Gn.) X X X
Apameaamputatrix (Fitch) X X X
Apameafinitima Gn. X X X
Apameaimpulsa (Gn.) X o o
Apameaindocilis (Wlk.) X X X
Apameainordinata (Morr.) o o X
Apamealignicolora (Gn.) X X o
Apameaplutonia (Grt.) X o o
Apameavultuosa (Grt.) X X X
Aplectoidescondita (Gn.) o X X
Autographaampla (Wlk.) X X X
Autographa mappa (G.& R.) X X o
Autographapseudogamma (Grt.) o X X
Autographasansoni Dod X X o
Brachylomiaalgens (Grt.) X X X
CatabenalineolataWlk. o X o
Catocalabriseis Edw. X X X
Catocala relicta Wlk. X X X
Catocalasemirelicta Grt. X X X
o o X
Chersotisjuncta (Grt.)
Chortodes inquinata (Gn.) o X o
Chortodes rufostrigata (Pack.) o o X
Cosmiacalami (Harv.) o X o
Cuculliafiorea Gn. X X X
Cucullia intermedia Speyer o X X
Cuculliaomissa Dod X o X
Cuculliapostera Gn. o X X
o X X
Cuculliaspeyeri Lint.
Diachrysiaaeroides (Grt.) X X X
Volume 51, Number 1 99
Table 1. Continued.
Species CO CA BM
Diarsia rosaria (Grt.) X X X
Egiradolosa (Grt.) o X X
Enargiadecolor(Wlk.) o X X
Enargiainfumata (Grt.) o X X
Eosphoropteryxthyatyroides (Gii.) X X X
Eremobinaclaudens (Wlk.) o X X
Eueretagrotisperattenta (Grt.) o o X
Euplexiahenesimilis McD. X X X
Eupsiliatristigmata (Grt.) X X X
Euroisastricta Morr. o X X
Euroisocculta (L.) o X X
Eutricopis nexilis (Morr.) o o X
Euxoadeclarata (Wlk.) X X X
Euxoadivergens (Wlk.) X X X
Feraliacomstocki (Grt.) X X X
Galgulapartita Gn. X X o
Graphiphora haruspica (Grt.) X X X
Hecaterasutrina (Grt.) o X o
Heliothisphloxiphaga G.& R. X X X
Helotropha reniforrnis (Grt.) X X o
Homorthodesfurfurata (Grt.) o X X
Hyppaxylinoides (Gn.) X X X
Lacanobiagrandis (Gn.) o X o
Lacanobia lilacina (Harv.) X X X
Lacanobia lutra (Gn.) X X X
Lacanobia nevadae (Grt.) o X X
Lacanobia radix (Wlk.) X X X
Lacanobiasubjuncta (G.& R.) X X X
Lacanobiatacoma (Stkr.) X X o
Lacinipoliaolivacea (Morr.) X X X
Lacinipoliavicina (Grt.) o X X
Leucania insueta Gn. X X X
Lithacodia albidula (Gn.) X X o
Litholomia napaea (Morr.) X X X
Lithomoiasolidaginis (Hbn.) X X X
Lithophaneamanda (Sm.) X X X
Lithophanebaileyi Grt. o X o
Lithophanegeorgii Grt. X X X
Lithophaneinnominata (Sm.) X X X
Lithophanepetulca Grt. X X X
Lithophanethaxteri Grt. o X X
Luperinapasser(Gn.) X X X
Marathyssa inficita (Wlk.) o X X
Melanchra adjuncta (Gn.) X X X
Melanchrapulverulenta (Sm.) X X o
Mniotypeducta (Grt.) o X X
Mniotypetenera (Sm.) X o o
Nephelodesminians Gn. o o X
Nycteolacinereana N.& D. o X X
Nycteolafrigidana (Wlk.) X X o
Ochropleuraplecta (L.) X X o
Oligia illocata (Wlk.) X X X
Oncocnemispiffardi (Wlk.) o X o
100 Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
Table 1. Continued.
Species CO CA BM
Oncocnemis riparia Morr. O X X
Orthosiahibisci (Gn.) X X X
Orthosia revicta (Morr.) X X X
Orthosiasegregata (Sm.) o o X
Papestracristifera (Wlk.) X X X
Papestraquadrata (Sm.) o o X
Paradiarsialittoralis (Pack.) o o X
Phlogophorapericulosa Gn. X X o
Platyperigea meralis (Morr.) o o X
Platypoliaanceps (Steph.) o X o
Polia nimbosa Gn. X X o
Poliapurpurissata (Grt.) X X X
Protolampra rufipectus (Morr.) X X X
Proxenusmiranda (Grt.) X X o
Pyrrhiaexprimens (Wlk.) X X X
RaphiafraterGrt. X X X
Rhyacia quadrangula (Zelt.) o X X
Scoliopteryxlibatrix (L.) X X X
Sideridismaryx (Gn.) o X X
Sideridis rosea (Harv.) X X X
o o X
Spaelotisclandestina (Harr.)
Stretchiaplusiaeformis Edw. o X X
Synedoidaadutnbrata (Behr) o X X
Syngraphaalias (Ottol.) X X X
Syngraphaepigaea (Grt.) X X X
Syngrapha rectangula (Kby.) X X o
Syngraphaviridisigma (Grt.) o X X
o X X
Ufeussatyricus Grt.
Xanthiatogata (Esper) X X o
Xestia collaris (G.& R.) o X X
X X X
Xestiasmithii (Snell.)
Xylenacineritia Grt. o X X
Xylena curvimacula (Morr.) o X X
Xylena nupera (Lint.) X X X
Xylenathoracica (Putnam-Cramer) o X X
Xylotypeacadia B. & Benj. X X X
Zaleduplicata (Bethune) o o X
Zalelunata (Drury) X X X
Zale minerea (Gn.) X X o
andincludetheOchoco, Strawberry, Elkhorn,WallowaandImnahaMountainranges. El-
evations are circa 1200-1800 m, with high peaks of2700-3000 m. Both the Coast Range
and the Cascade Range generallyhave a cool, moist climate due to the influence ofthe
Pacific Ocean, although it is drier in the rain shadows on the eastern slopes. The Blue
Mountains have a dry, more severe continental climate similar to the northern Rocky
MountainsofIdahoand Montana.
Todate atotalof143ofthe200 species ofnorthern Noctuidaewithatranscontinental
distribution across Canadahavebeen collectedinthe mountains ofOregon. Table 1 out-
lines the known distributions ofthese species in the Coast Range, Cascade Range, and
the Blue Mountains. Atpresent, we knowof707 species ofNoctuidae recorded through-
Volume 51, Number 1 101
Table 2. Number and percent ofnorthern species ofNoctuidae shared among the
Coast Range (CO), Cascade Range (CA), andthe Rlue Mountains (BM) ofOregon.
Species CO CA BM CO/CA CA/BM CO/CA/BM
Number 4 8 15 22 34 60
Percent 3 6 10 15 24 42
outthe state, and so these northern taxacomprise about 20% ofthe total Oregon fauna.
Table 2 indicates the number and percent ofnorthern species shared among the three
mountain regions. For species restricted to a single region, the Blue Mountains have the
highest number (15) and the Coast Range the fewest (4). However, the Cascade Range
has the highest total numberofnorthern specieswith 124, followed bythe Blue Moun-
tainswith 109andthe Coast Rangewith86.
This northern faunais isolatedandrelictualin Oregontoday, survivingon montaneis-
lands surrounded by broad expanses ofdesert lowlands and valleys. We postulate that
thesespeciesdispersedsouthwardintoOregonduringthevariousglaciationsofthePleis-
tocene. The modern distributionofendemicallyrestrictedspecies maysuggestthreedis-
persal routes into the state during the Pleistocene. These include a northeastern route
into the Blue Mountains from the adjacent mountains ofnorthern Idaho and Montana, a
north-south route through the Cascades from British Columbia, and possibly some dis-
persalalongthelowermountainsoftheCoast Range. Examplesofsuchendemicsinclude
Orthosiasegregata (Sm.), Papestra quadrata (Sm.), and Zale duplicata (Bethune) in the
Blue Mountains; Lacanobia grandis (Gn.), Oncocnemis piffardi (Wlk.), and Lithophane
baileyi Grt. in the Cascades; and Mniotype tenera (Sm.),Apamea irnpulsa (Gn.), andA.
plutonia (Grt.) in the Coast Range. Moreover, it is significant that anumberofnorthern
speciesknownfromtheWashingtonCascadesdonotcrosstheColumbiaRivervalleyinto
the Oregon Cascades. These include Lithophanepexata Grt., L.fagina Morr.,Anomog-
ynaspeciosa (Hbn.), andA. perquiritata (Morr).
In conclusion, about 71% ofthe northern transcontinental noctuid faunaareknown to
occurinthemountainsofOregon. Itisdoubtfulthatmanyadditionalspeciesofthisfauna
remain to be discovered in Oregon, with perhaps the exception of the high Wallowa
Mountainswherelittle surveyworkhasyetbeen done.
We thank Roy C. Beckwith, Lucille Clark, Roy Magelssen, and Dixie Moore fortheir
help with field collecting and data. We are especially indebted to John D. Lattin and
RichardWestcott forassistancewith the insect collections at the Systematic Entomology
Laboratory, Oregon State University, and the Oregon Department ofAgriculture. Partial
fundingforthisworkwasprovidedbythe NationalAgricultural Pesticide ImpactAssess-
mentProgram (NAPIAP), U. S. Forest Service.
Literature Cited
DORNFELD, E. 1980. The butterflies ofOregon. Timber Press, Forest Grove, Oregon.
J.
276pp.
Grimble, D. G., Beckwith, R. C. & P. C. Hammond. 1992. Asurveyofthe Lepidoptera
faunafrom the Blue Mountains ofeastern Oregon. Res. Lepid. 31:83-102.
J.
PRENTICE, R. M. 1962. Forest LepidopteraofCanada recordedbythe forestinsect sur-
vey,vol. 2. FoWrest Entomol. Pathol. Branch, Canada Dept. Agric, Ottawa. 281 pp.
ROCKBURNE, E. & D. LAFONTAINE. 1976. The cutworm moths ofOntario and Que-
J.
bec. Research Branch, Canada Dept. Agric, Ottawa. 164pp.
Paul C. Hammond, Department ofEntomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
Oregon 97331, USA, and David G. Grimble, U.S.D.A Forest Service, PacificNorthwest
Research Station, 3200 SWJefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
Receivedforpublication 10January 1995; revisedandaccepted1 April 1996.