Distinctive Feature Theory PDF
Preview Distinctive Feature Theory
Distinctive Feature Theory W DE G Phonology and Phonetics 2 Editor Aditi Lahiri Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York Distinctive Feature Theory Edited by T. Alan Hall Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York 2001 Mouton de Gruyter (formerly Mouton, The Hague) is a Division of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin. © Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability. Die Deutsche Bibliothek — Cataloging-in-Publication Data Distinctive feature theory / ed. by T. Alan Hall. - Berlin ; New York : Mouton de Gruyter, 2001 (Phonology and phonetics ; 2) ISBN 3-11-017033-7 © Copyright 2001 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin. All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printing & Binding: Hubert & Co, Göttingen. Cover design: Christopher Schneider, Berlin. Printed in Germany. Contents List of contributors vi Introduction: Phonological representations and phonetic implementation of distinctive features 1 T. A. Hall Laryngeal dimensions, completion and enhancement 41 Peter Avery and William J. Idsardi Representational economy in constraint-based phonology 71 G. N. Clements Place of articulation first 147 Mirco Ghini Representing nasality in consonants 177 Janet Grijzenhout Patterns, pervasive patterns and feature specification 211 K. David Harrison and Abigail Kaun Phonetic implementation of the distinctive auditory 237 features [voice] and [tense] in stop consonants Michael Jessen Distinctive [voice] implies regressive voicing assimilation 295 Bertus van Rooy and Daan Wissing The phonology of /r/ 335 Richard Wiese Index of languages 369 Index of subjects 371 Contributors Peter Avery William J. Idsardi Department of Linguistics Department of Linguistics York University University of Delaware 4700 Keele St 46 E. Delaware Αν North York ON M3J1P3 Newark, DE 19716-2551 Canada USA [email protected] idsardi @udel.edu G. N. Clements Michael Jessen Uni versite de Paris 3 Bundeskriminalamt CNRS Fachbereich Sprechererkennung, 19, rue des Bernardins Tonbandauswertung und 75005 Paris Linguistische Textanalyse France 65173 Wiesbaden [email protected] Germany Janet Grijzenhout Abigail Kaun Institut für Sprache und Information 2017 Glendon Av Heinrich-Heine University Los Angeles, California 90025 Universitätsstr. 1 USA 40225 Düsseldorf kaun @pantheon.yale.edu Germany [email protected] Bertus van Rooy T. A. Hall Research Unit for Phonetics and Institut für Linguistik Phonology Brühl 34-50 Potchefstroom University University of Leipzig Potchefstroom 2520 04109 Leipzig South Africa Germany [email protected] hall @rz.uni-leipzig.de K. David Harrison Richard Wiese University of Pennsylvania /IRCS Institut für Germanistische 3401 Walnut Street St 401 Sprachwissenschaft Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Philipps-Universität Marburg USA Wilhelm-Roepke-Str. 6A [email protected] 35032 Marburg Germany [email protected] Contributors viii Daan Wissing Research Unit for Phonetics and Phonology Potchefstroom University Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa [email protected] Introduction: Phonological representations and phonetic implementation of distinctive features* T. Alan Hall 1. Introduction Current interest in Optimality Theory (henceforth OT; Prince & Smolensky 1993) has caused a shift of attention in recent years from questions regarding phonological representations, which concerned phonologists in the 1970's and 1980's, to topics pertaining to constraints and their interaction. At the same time we have witnessed a greater interest in phonetic explanations in phonology than in previous years. Thus, it is not uncommon for current phonological analyses to go to great lengths to demonstrate the phonetic naturalness of their proposed treatments. Sometimes the two developments go hand in hand, the most obvious example being the approach typified by linguists at UCLA, according to which output constraints in the OT model can refer to a considerable amount of phonetic detail (e.g. Kirchner 1997, Steriade 2000). A consequence of the shift away from representational questions and the preoccupation with phonetic explanations is that there is at present much uncertainty concerning certain fundamental questions pertaining to both phonological representations and to the phonetics- phonology boundary. With respect to features, the most obvious question regarding the first topic is: What featural representations (e.g. feature geometry, underspecification) are necessary in a phono- logical theory? A similar query can be posed with respect to the second topic: Is there a difference between phonological and pho- netic representations, especially pertaining to featural representa- tions? The purpose of this book is to address these two broad issues: (i) the nature of featural representations in the phonological component, e.g. feature geometry and underspecification, and (ii) the connection 2 T. A. Hall between featural representations in the phonological component and the interpretation, or implementation, of these features in the pho- netics. This introductory article is organized in the following way. In section 2 I discuss the featural aspects of phonological representa- tions. Here I provide an overview of the history of various featural frameworks proposed throughout the past forty years within the general research program of Nonlinear Phonology, e.g. Autoseg- mental Phonology, Feature Geometry and theories of Underspeci- fication. Section 3 considers some topics pertaining to the interface between phonology and phonetics. In the course of sections 2 and 3 I summarize briefly the content of the eight articles in this volume and show how they fit in to the respective theoretical frameworks. Section 4 concludes.1 The primary aim of this introductory article is to summarize some of the research that has been done on the two broad topics referred to above - featural representations and the phonology-phonetics con- nection - and to show how the following eight articles contribute to some controversial questions. A second goal of the present article is to provide a brief survey of the theories of distinctive features described in the preceding paragraph. This survey is intended to serve as a background for those readers who might not be familiar with the underpinnings of these theories. 2. Phonological representations of distinctive features The majority of the authors in this book presuppose some model of feature geometry as well as some degree of underspecification. In this section I discuss the claims linguists have made concerning these and other aspects of featural representations in the past 30 years, focussing on some of the current areas of controversy, and summarize the new analyses discussed by the authors in this volume.
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