Dissipative Processes in Tribology, Proceedings of the 20th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology held in the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon

587 Pages·1994·33.39 MB·English

by  D. Dowson

DI S S IP ATIV E PR 0C ES S ES
IN TRIBOLOGY

TRIBOLOGY SERIES, 27
EDITOR: D. DOWSON
DISSIPATIVE PROCESSES
IN TRIBOLOGY
edited by
D. Dowson, C.M. Taylor, T.H.C. Childs, M. Godett and G. Dalmaz
Proceedings of the 20th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology
held in the Laboratoire de Mecanique des Contacts,
lnstitut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon, France
7th-10th September 1993
ELSEVIER
Amsterdam London New York Tokyo 1994
For the Institute of Tribology, The University of Leeds
and
The lnstitut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon
ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V.
Sara Burgerhartstraat 25
P.O. Box 21 1,1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Leeds-Lyons Symposium on Tribology (20th : 1993 : Instltut national
des sciences appliquies de Lyon)
Dissipative processes in tribology : proceedings of the 20th Leeds
-Lyon Symposium on Tribology held in the Laboratolre de mecanlque
des contacts, Institut national des sciences appliquies de Lyon.
...
France, 7th-10th September 1993 1 edited by D. Dowson [et al.1.
p. cm. -- (Tribology series ; 27)
Includes blbliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-444-81764-6 (acid-free paper)
1. Trlbology--Congresses. I.D owson. D. 11. University of
Leeds. Instltute of Tribology. 111. Institut national des sciences
appliquees de Lyon. IV. Tltle. V. Series.
TJ1075.A2L43 1993
621.8'9--d~20 94- 18428
CIP
ISBN 0 444 81764 6 (Vol. 27)
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V
Proceedings of the 20th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology
INTRODUCTION
The twentieth Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology was held at the Institut National des Sciences
AppliquCes de Lyon from Tuesday 7th to Friday 10th September 1993. It discussed dissipative
phenomena and particularly the origins of fiction at all scales, fiom all points of view coming fiom
mechanics, physics and chemistry, encountered in all fields of Tribology, from thick film lubrication
to dry friction.
The Symposium opened on the Tuesday afternoon with two keynote lectures delivered by Dr Irwin
Singer fiom the US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, US4 on "Energy Dissipation
during Friction : Interfacial Processes" and by Professor Kenneth Johnson from Cambridge
University, UK, on "The Mechanics of Adhesion, Deformation and Contamination in Friction".
They clearly showed the hndamental and pluridisciplinary aspects of dissipative processes in
tribology .
The meeting was attended by some one hundred and forty delegates from sixteen countries of
North America, Asia and Europe and by fourteen accompanying persons. Thirty per cent of the
delegates were from industry. It was again pleasant to welcome a large and active group from the
University of Leeds, our sister institution.
The Symposium Review Board had examined and selected the abstracts of more than eighty
submitted papers. The organisers decided for the second time, instead of parallel sessions, to have
classical sessions reserved for twenty minute paper presentations and hybrid sessions which
included a five minute oral presentation followed by a poster session.
The twentieth Symposium was dedicated to Professor Duncan Dowson, in honour of his retirement
as a member of the staff at the University of Leeds. The Vice Lord Mayor of Lyon, hosted the
delegates at a reception in the Lyon Town Hall to honour and recognise through the 20th Leeds-
Lyon Symposium anniversary, the international scientific activity in the field of Tribology of the
two co-founders of the Leeds-Lyon Symposia. Professor Duncan Dowson from the Institute of
Tribology of the University of Leeds and Professor Maurice Godet, from the Laboratoire de
Mecanique des Contacts of INSA of Lyon.
The traditional Symposium banquet was held in the "Salle de la Corbeille du Palais de la Bourse" in
Lyon. The dinner was prepared by one of the well known Chef of Lyon, Gilles Troump.
On the Thursday evening, the delegates were invited the celebrate the 20th Leeds-Lyon anniversary
in the Conservatoire National Superieur de Musique de Lyon. In this famous place, they
discovered eight centuries of music in Lyon and the pleasure of listening to 500 years of fanfares
played by the "Ensemble Cuivres et Percussion" of the "Orchestre National de Lyonll.
vi
The concert programme had been specially chosen by Maurice Godet to show how music can
magnify science. It was a superb musical evening with Maurice.
The usual Friday evening barbecue party was arranged by the Laboratory staff. The Saturday tour
took some delegates on a trip through the Jura in Franche Comte to visit the fabulous Arc-et-
Senans Royal salt-works, to see the beautiful valley of the River Loue and test yellow wines.
The success of the Symposium must be attributed to all members of the Laboratoire de Mecanique
des Contacts. They are individually congratulated for their contribution and active participation in
the Symposium organisation. Warmest thanks to all.
Thanks are also due to the Direction des Recherches Etudes et Techniques, Direction GenCrale de
I'Armement, Ministere de la Defense, Paris, France, for his financial support for the 20th Leeds-
Lyon Symposium on Tribology.
The topics covered by the Leeds-Lyon series of Tribology symposia are listed below:
1. Cavitation and Related Phenomena in Lubrication Leeds 1974
2. Superlaminar Flow in Bearings Lyon 1975
3. The Wear of Non-Metallic Materials Leeds 1976
4. Surface Roughness Effects in Lubrication Lyon 1977
5. Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication and Related Topics Leeds 1978
6. Thermal Effects in Tribology Lyon 1979
7. Friction and Traction Leeds 1980
8. The Running-In Process in Tribology Lyon 1981
9. The Tribology of Reciprocating Engines Leeds 1982
10. Numerical and Experimental Methods Applied to Tribology Lyon 1983
11. Mixed Lubrication and Lubricated Wear Leeds 1984
12. Global Studies of Mechanisms and Local Analyses of
Surface Distress Phenomena Lyon 1985
13. Fluid Film Lubrication - Osborne Reynolds Centenary Leeds 1986
14. Interface Dynamics Lyon 1987
15. Tribological Design of Machine Elements Leeds 1988
16. Mechanics of Coatings Lyon 1989
17. Vehicle Tribology Leeds 1990
18. Wear Particles : From the Cradle to the Grave Lyon 1991
19. Thin Films in Tribology Leeds 1992
20. Dissipative Processes in Tribology Lyon 1993
vii
Delegates to the Symposium and the international community of tribologists were deeply saddened
by the news, so soon aRer the Symposium, of the untimely death of our dear friend and colleague
Professor Maurice Godet on October 9th 1993. The 21st Symposium, to be held in Leeds from
September 6th - 9th 1994 on the subject of "Lubricants and Lubrication", will be dedicated to the
life of Maurice Godet.
Gerard Dalmaz
...
Vlll
CONTENTS
Introduction V
Session I Opening Session 1
-
Friction and Energy Dissipation at the Atomic Scale A Review
I.L. SINGER 3
The Mechanics of Adhesion, Deformation and Contamination in Friction
K.L. JOHNSON 21
Session II Liquid and Powder Lubrication 35
A Rheological Basis for Concentrated Contact Friction
S. BAlR and W.O. WINER 37
On the Theory of Quaisi-Hydrodynamic Lubrication with Dry Powder :
Application to Development of High-speed Journal Bearings for Hostile
Environments
H. HESHMAT 45
The Influence of Base Oil Rheology on the Behaviour of VI Polymers in
Concentrated Contacts
P.M. CANN and H.A. SPIKES 65
Temperature Profiling of EHD Contacts Prior to and During Scuffing
J.C. ENTHOVEN and H.A. SPIKES 73
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Stream Functions in
Lubrication
D. DOWSON and T. DAVID 81
-
Shear Properties of Molecular Liquids at High Pressures A Physical Point
of View
E.N. DIACONESCU 97
Session 111 Surface Damage and Wear 115
Magnetic Damage in Mn-Zn and Ni-Zn Ferrites Induced by Abrasion
Y. AHN, R. HEBBAR, S. CHANDRASEKAR and T.N. FARRIS 117
Effects of Surface Roughness Pattern on the Running-In Process of
Rolling/Sliding Contacts
J. SUGIMARA, T. WATANABE and Y. YAMAMOTO 125
Influence of Frequency and Amplitude Oscillations on Surface Damages in
Line Contact
J. PEZDlRNlK and J. Vlz NTlN 139
Effects of Surface Topography and Hardness Combination Upon Friction
and Distress of Rolling/Sliding Contact Surfaces
A. NAKAJIMA and T. MAWATARI 151
Anti-Wear Performance of New Synthetic Lubricants for Refrigeration
Systems with New HFC Refrigerants
T. KATAFUCHI, M. KANEKO and M. IlNO 163
Session iV Miscroscopic Aspects 171
A Molecularly-Based Model of Sliding Friction
J.L. STREATOR 173
Friction of Dielectric Materials : How is Energy Dissipated?
B. VALLAYER, J. BIGARRE, A. BERROUG, S. FAYEULLE, D. TREHEUX,
C. Le GRESSUS and G. BLAISE 185
ix
Friction Energy Dissipation in Organic Films
B.J. BRISCOE and P. THOMAS 193
Session V Polymers 203
Interfacial Friction and Adhesion of Wetted Monolayers
J.-M. GEORGES, A. TONCK and D. MAZUYER 205
-
Effect of Thickness on the Friction of Akulon A Problem of Constrained
Dissipation
L. ROZEANU, S. DIRNFELD and J. YAHALOM 213
Interface Friction and Energy Dissipation in Soft Solid Processing
Operations
M.J. ADAMS, B.J. BRISCOE and S.K. SHINA 223
The Effect of Interfacial Temperature on Friction and Wear of
Thermoplastics in the Thermal Control Regime
F.E. KENNEDY and X. TlAN 235
Session VI Friction in Specific Applications 245
The Relation Between Friction and Creep Deformation in Articular Cartilage
K. IKEUCHI, M. OKA and S. KUBO 247
Characteristics of Friction in Small Contact Surface
Y. ANDO, H. OGAWA and Y. ISHIKAWA 253
Sliding Friction in Porous and Non-Porous Elastic Layers: The Effect
of Translation of the Contact Zone Over the Porous Material
L. CARAVIA, D. DOWSON, J. FISHER, P.H. CORKHILL and B.J. TIGHE 26 1
The Effect of Additive of Silane Coupling Agent to Water for the Lubrication
of Ceramics
K. MATSUBARA. S. SASANUMA and K. NAGAMORI 267
The Origin of Super-Low Friction Coefficient of MoS2 Coatings in
Various Environments
C. DONNET, J.M. MARTIN, Th. le MOGNE and M. BELIN 277
Session VII Coatings and Thin Films 285
(Short Oral Presentations Associated with Posters)
Characterisation of ElastioPlastic Behaviour for Contact Purposes on
Surface Hardened Materials
P. VIRMOUX, G. INGLEBERT and R. GRAS 287
On the Cognitive Approach Toward Classification of Dry Triboparticulates
H. HESHMAT and D.E. BREWE 303
Surface Chemistry Effects on Friction of Ni-P/PTFE Composite Coatings
E.A. ROSSET, S. MISCHLER and D. LANDOLT 329
Transfer Layers in Tribological Contacts with Diamond-Like Coatings
J. VIHERSALO, H. RONKAINEN, S. VARJUS, J. LIKONEN and 337
J. KOSKINEN
Surface Breaking Crack Influence on Contact Conditions. Role of
Interfacial Crack Friction. Theoretical and Experimental Analysis
M.-C. DUBOURG, T. ZEGHLOUL and B. VILLECHAISE 345
Session Vlll Macroscopic Aspects, Friction Mechanisms 359
The Generation by Friction and Plastic Deformation of the Restraining
-
Characteristics of Drawbeads in Sheet Metal Forming Theoretical and
Experimental Approach
E. FELDER and V. SAMPER 36 1