Diseases of poultry

1470 Pages·2020·63.024 MB·English

by  David E. Swayne

14th Edition
Diseases of Poultry
14th Edition
Diseases of Poultry
VOLUME I
Editor‐in‐Chief U.S. Department of Agriculture
David E. Swayne Athens, Georgia, USA
Laboratory Director
Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory Clinical Poultry Veterinarians
U.S. National Poultry Research Center Sjaak de Wit
Agricultural Research Service
Poultry Veterinarian
U.S. Department of Agriculture
GD Animal Health
Athens, Georgia, USA
Deventer, The Netherlands
Associate Editors
Tom Grimes
Martine Boulianne
Veterinary Consultant
Professor
Grimes Consultancy
Department of Clinical Sciences
Paradise Point, Queensland, Australia
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Montreal
Deirdre Johnson
St‐Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
Veterinarian
Mountaire Farms, Inc.
Catherine M. Logue
Professor Millsboro, Delaware, USA
Department of Population Health
College of Veterinary Medicine Michelle Kromm
University of Georgia Director of Technical Services
Athens, Georgia, USA Jennie‐O Turkey Store
Willmar, Minnesota, USA
Larry R. McDougald
Professor Emeritus Teguh Yodiantara Prajitno
Department of Poultry Science Vice President
College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Head of Poultry Health Services
University of Georgia Head of Strategic Business Unit Animal Health
Athens, Georgia, USA Japfa Comfeed Indonesia
Jakarta, Indonesia
Venugopal Nair
Head Ian Rubinoff
Viral Oncogenesis Group
Director of Sales and Technical Service, Europe
The Pirbright Institute
Hy‐Line International
Woking, Surrey, UK
Des Moines, Iowa, USA
David L. Suarez
Guillermo Zavala
Research Leader
Poultry Veterinarian
Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit
Avian Health International, LLC
Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory
U.S. National Poultry Research Center Flowery Branch, Georgia, USA
Agricultural Research Service
This edition first published 2020 © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (except chapters 2, 3, 5, 6, 12, 14, 16, 19, 28, 33 which are in the
Public Domain)
First edition, © 1943 Iowa State University Press
Second edition, © 1948 Iowa State University Press
Third edition, © 1952 Iowa State University Press
Fourth edition, © 1959 Iowa State University Press
Fifth edition, © 1965 Iowa State University Press
Sixth edition, © 1972 Iowa State University Press
Seventh edition, © 1978 Iowa State University Press
Eighth edition, © 1984 Iowa State University Press
Ninth edition, © 1991 Iowa State University Press
Tenth edition, © 1997 Iowa State University Press
Eleventh edition, © 2003 Iowa State Press
Twelfth edition, © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Thirteenth edition, © 2013 Wiley‐Blackwell
The right of David Swayne to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Swayne, David E., editor.
Title: Diseases of poultry / editor-in-chief, David E. Swayne ; associate
editors, Martine Boulianne [and 12 others].
Other titles: Diseases of poultry (Biester)
Description: Fourteenth edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2020. |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2019015575 (print) | LCCN 2019017027 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119371151 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119371175 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119371168
(hardback)
Subjects: | MESH: Poultry Diseases
Classification: LCC SF995 (ebook) | LCC SF995 (print) | NLM SF 995 | DDC
636.5/0896–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019015575
Cover Images: © Nancy Hinkle, © Patti Miller, © Naola Ferguson Noel, © David E. Swayne
Cover design by Wiley
Set in 10/12pt Warnock by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
Hb printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedicated to
Dr. J.R. Glisson, Associate Editor,
Diseases of Poultry, 11th, 12th and 13th editions
Dr. Lisa K. Nolan, Associate Editor,
Diseases of Poultry, 12th and 13th editions
vii
Contents
Preface: Historical Review of Diseases of Poultry x
Introduction xvi
Contributors xviii
VOLUME ONE
Section I General Concepts of Poultry Diseases 1 Avian Paramyxoviruses 2–15 and 17 129
Egbert Mundt
1 Principles of Disease Prevention, Diagnosis, and Avian Metapneumovirus 135
Control 3 Silke Rautenschlein
Introduction 3
Stephen R. Collett 4 Infectious Bronchitis 167
Mark W. Jackwood and Sjaak de Wit
Principles of Disease Prevention, Diagnosis,
and Control 4
Stephen R. Collett and John A. Smith 5 Infectious Laryngotracheitis 189
Maricarmen García and Stephen Spatz
Disease Prevention and Control in Antibiotic‐Free
Production 40
John A. Smith, Martine Boulianne, Robert L. Owen, and 6 Influenza 210
Eric Gingerich David E. Swayne, David L. Suarez, and Leslie D. Sims
Antimicrobial Therapy (Including Resistance) 52
Randall S. Singer, Timothy J. Johnson, and Charles L. Hofacre 7 Infectious Bursal Disease 257
Nicolas Eterradossi and Yehia M. Saif
Public Health Significance of Poultry
Diseases 58
Roy D. Berghaus and Bruce Stewart‐Brown 8 Chicken Infectious Anemia and Circovirus Infections
in Commercial Flocks 284
2 Host Factors for Disease Resistance 79 Karel A. Schat and Vicky L. van Santen
Introduction 79 Circovirus Infections in Commercial
Silke Rautenschlein Flocks 304
The Avian Immune System 80
Silke Rautenschlein 9 Adenovirus Infections 321
Genetics of Disease Resistance 90 Introduction 321
Hans H. Cheng and Susan J. Lamont Scott D. Fitzgerald
Aviadenovirus Infections 322
Michael Hess
Section II Viral Diseases 109 Atadenovirus (Egg Drop Syndrome of Chickens
and Related Infections) 332
3 Newcastle Disease, Other Avian Paramyxoviruses, Joan A. Smyth
and Avian Metapneumovirus Infections 111 Hemorrhagic Enteritis and Related Infections 339
Silke Rautenschlein, Hassan M. Mahsoub,
Introduction 111
David L. Suarez Scott D. Fitzgerald, and F. William Pierson
Newcastle Disease 112 Quail Bronchitis 347
Patti J. Miller and Guus Koch Willie M. Reed and Sherman W. Jack
viii Contents
10 Pox 364 14 Other Viral Infections 498
Deoki N. Tripathy and Willie M. Reed Introduction 498
Yehia M. Saif
11 Avian Reovirus Infections 382 Columbid alphaherpesvirus‐1
Jacob Pitcovski and Sagar M. Goyal (Pigeon herpesvirus 1) 498
Didier Marlier
12 Viral Enteric Infections 401 Avian Nephritis 502
Introduction 401 Victoria J. Smyth and Amir H. Noormohammadi
Yehia M. Saif Arbovirus Infections 507
Turkey Coronavirus Enteritis 402 James S. Guy
James S. Guy Turkey Viral Hepatitis 516
Rotavirus Infections 408 James S. Guy
J. Michael Day Avian Encephalomyelitis 520
Astrovirus Infections 416 David L. Suarez
G iovanni Cattoli Avian Hepatitis E Virus Infections 528
Avian Enterovirus‐Like Virus Infections 421 X.J. Meng and H.L. Shivaprasad
Christopher S. Hayhow
Enteric Parvovirus Infections of Chickens 15 Neoplastic Diseases 548
and Turkeys 426 Introduction 548
J. Michael Day Venugopal Nair
Marek’s Disease 550
13 Viral Infections of Waterfowl 446 Venugopal Nair, Isabel Gimeno, and John Dunn
Introduction 446 Leukosis/Sarcoma Group 587
Simone T. Stoute Venugopal Nair
Duck Hepatitis 450 Reticuloendotheliosis 625
Hsiang-Jung Tsai Guillermo Zavala and Venugopal Nair
Duck Virus Enteritis (Duck Plague) 460 Other Tumors 637
Samia A. Metwally and Anchun Cheng Susan M. Williams, Rodney L. Reece, and Scott Hafner
Hemorrhagic Nephritis Enteritis of Geese 470
Jean‐Luc Guérin
Parvovirus Infections of Waterfowl 474
Vilmos J. Palya
VOLUME TWO
Section III Bacterial Diseases 717 Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Infection 853
Hafez M. Hafez and Richard P. Chin
16 Salmonella Infections 719 Bordetellosis (Turkey Coryza) 860
Richard K. Gast and Robert E. Porter, Jr. Karen B. Register and Mark W. Jackwood
17 Campylobacteriosis 754 20 Infectious Coryza and Related Bacterial
Qijing Zhang and Orhan Sahin Infections 890
Pat J. Blackall and Edgardo Soriano‐Vargas
18 Colibacillosis 770
Lisa K. Nolan, Jean‐Pierre Vaillancourt, 21 Mycoplasmosis 907
Nicolle L. Barbieri, and Catherine M. Logue Introduction 907
Naola Ferguson‐Noel
19 Pasteurellosis and Other Respiratory Bacterial Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection 911
Infections 831 Natalie K. Armour
Introduction 831 Mycoplasma synoviae Infection 924
Martine Boulianne Naola Ferguson‐Noel and Amir H. Noormohammadi
Fowl Cholera 831 Mycoplasma iowae Infection 929
Pat J. Blackall and Charles L. Hofacre Mohamed El‐Gazzar and Janet M. Bradbury
Riemerella anatipestifer Infection 846 Other Mycoplasmal Infections 933
Jaime A. Ruiz and Tirath S. Sandhu Naola Ferguson‐Noel
Contents ix
22 Clostridial Diseases 966 Cryptosporidiosis 1217
Introduction 966 Larry R. McDougald
Martine Boulianne Histomoniasis (Histomonosis, Blackhead
Ulcerative Enteritis 967 Disease) 1223
Francisco A. Uzal Michael Hess and Larry R. McDougald
Necrotic Enteritis 972 Miscellaneous and Sporadic Protozoal
Kenneth Opengart and Martine Boulianne Infections 1231
Botulism 976 Robert Beckstead
Martine Boulianne and Francisco A. Uzal
Gangrenous Dermatitis 980
Kenneth Opengart Section VI Noninfectious Diseases 1255
23 Other Bacterial Diseases 995 29 Nutritional Diseases 1257
Introduction 995 Kirk C. Klasing and Doug R. Korver
Catherine M. Logue
Staphylococcosis 995 30 Developmental, Metabolic, and Other Noninfectious
Claire B. Andreasen Disorders 1286
Streptococcus and Enterococcus 1003 Rocio Crespo
Luke B. Borst
Erysipelas 1010 31 Mycotoxicoses 1330
Helena Eriksson Frederic J. Hoerr
Avian Intestinal Spirochetosis 1018
David J. Hampson 32 Toxins and Poisons 1349
Tuberculosis 1033 Richard M. Fulton
Susan Sanchez and Richard M. Fulton
Miscellaneous and Sporadic Bacterial
Infections 1043 Section VII Other Diseases 1383
Tahseen Abdul‐Aziz
33 Emerging Diseases and Diseases of Complex or
24 Avian Chlamydiosis 1086 Unknown Etiology 1385
Daisy Vanrompay Introduction 1385
Yehia M. Saif and David E. Swayne
Multicausal Respiratory
Section IV Fungal Diseases 1109 Diseases 1386
Mary J. Pantin‐Jackwood and Erica Spackman
25 Fungal Infections 1111 Multicausal Enteric Diseases 1390
Pascal Arné and Margie D. Lee Timothy J. Johnson and J. Michael Day
White Chick Syndrome 1393
David French
Section V Parasitic Diseases 1135 Focal Duodenal Necrosis in Table Egg Layers 1395
Eric Gingerich
26 External Parasites and Poultry Pests 1137 Wooden Breast and Other Muscle
Nancy C. Hinkle and Robert M. Corrigan Abnormalities 1397
S.F. Bilgili
27 Internal Parasites 1157 Idiopathic Egg Production Drops in Brown
Larry R. McDougald Layers 1398
Kelli Jones, George Boggan, and Milos Markis
28 Protozoal Infections 1192
Introduction 1192 Index 1411
Larry R. McDougald
Coccidiosis 1193
Hector M. Cervantes, Larry R. McDougald,
and Mark C. Jenkins
x
Preface: Historical Review of Diseases of Poultry
Forewords for Diseases of Poultry, beginning with the and control infectious diseases; yet another reason for
first one written by John R. Mohler in 1943, have briefly timely updates.
described the nature and contents of the edition, along The message is clear: a changing and global poultry
with substantive reasons for its publication and distribu­ industry and its many allied industries need the most
tion to potential users. Mohler pointed out that for a recent information available to keep pace with the chal­
profitable poultry industry, “Knowledge of the charac­ lenges of providing adequate health care and disease
teristics of each disease is necessary…as the first step in prevention. It is important not only to poultry flocks, but
building up an effective barrier against it.” He further also to the consumers who expect safe, as well as nutri­
noted that “This unusually comprehensive book is tious, poultry products. This, the 14th edition, upholds
intended for students, veterinarians, pathologists, and the long‐standing reputation of this book for keeping
workers in specialized fields.” These words are as appli­ scientists, breeders, poultry producers, and poultry
cable today as they were 70 years ago and the importance health professionals supplied with the latest and most
of the text is supported by publication of 14 editions. comprehensive information available.
For the 6th edition in 1972, Dr. P.P. Levine offered an Seventy‐five years have passed since the first edition
accounting of some of the changes in the poultry industry was printed. Before all details are lost forever, it is fitting
that moved it from a small‐scale farm activity to “a highly to look back at how this “Bible” in the field of poultry
sophisticated industry marketing products worth over diseases came to be and how it has evolved into
$6 billion per year in the United States alone.” He correctly what it is today. It all began in the 1930s. In a memo­
attributed some of the many advances in disease control randum addressed to the American Association of
through eradication, genetic selection, immunization Avian Pathologists (AAAP) dated December 22, 1965,
practices, management improvements, and so on, to H.E. Biester related the events that preceded the decision
major advances founded in research. Such new knowledge by the Iowa State College (now University) Press (ISU
strongly dictates a need for revised texts. Levine further Press) to undertake the publication of Diseases of Poultry.
predicted that “infectious diseases will decline in impor­ During the 1930s, Louis DeVries, a member of the
tance; toxicologic, nutritional, genetic, and husbandry Department of Modern Languages at the college, trans­
problems will demand increasing attention. Change is the lated a 1929 German book entitled Handbuch der
order of life, and avian diseases are no exception.” In the Geflügelkrankheiten und der Geflügerzucht, published by
7th edition (1978), he pointed out many of the important Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart. The translation laid dormant
new advances in identifying the etiology of several condi­ for several years until Dr. D.M. Campbell, the Chicago
tions, and the need for Diseases of Poultry to “keep up with publisher of Veterinary Medicine, saw the translation and
the rapid developments in avian diseases.” expressed some interest in it. Dr. Biester, who described
Ben Pomeroy, in the 8th (1984) and 9th (1991) edi­ himself as an “innocent bystander, having no special
tions, reiterated the need for new editions to keep up interest in the project,” told Dr. Campbell that the manu­
with the “explosion of knowledge on the prevention and script was unacceptable for a variety of reasons and he
control of avian diseases.” The inclusion of contributions suggested that if he were serious about publication, then
from experts from many countries of the world, and the selected specialists should edit or rewrite the material.
importance of such in the face of global issues of disease Dr. Biester later was pulled into the project and he
control, was emphasized by Charles Beard in the ultimately concluded that the German book was obsolete.
Foreword of the 10th (1997) edition. He pointed out that Apparently, a number of men had accepted invitations to
understanding the molecular genetics of causative agents cooperate in developing an American book, and accord­
is also important and the use of molecular methods is ing to Biester, they agreed that “it would be better to pre­
necessary for poultry disease researchers to understand pare a totally new book based on American conditions.”
Preface: Historical Review of Diseases of Poultry xi
Thus, the die was cast. Dr. Campbell gave up his plans, considerable for a book that was thought to have limited
and the ISU Press decided to publish an original text. Drs. distribution, so it was decided to omit royalties and accept
Biester and DeVries served as editors, and 34 American a subsidy for illustrations from the Dean of the College.
investigators were engaged in the project. There were Fifteen hundred copies were printed and placed on sale
chapters on general subjects such as anatomy, digestion, for $7.50; to everyone’s surprise, a second printing of
genetics, hematology, hygiene and sanitation, nutrition, 2,500 copies was needed after less than nine months and
and surgery, as well as those dealing with specific there was yet another printing of 2,500 copies two years
infectious and noninfectious diseases and conditions. later. Royalties were then instituted! The ISU Press was
A separate chapter dealt with diseases of turkeys. In 1943, concerned that without some remuneration, the authors
the 1st edition was ready. The publication costs were might be reluctant to remain “dedicated.”
No. USA
Edition Year Editors Pages Chapters authors No. non‐USA authors (no. countries)
1st 1943 H.E. Biester 1,005 40 34 0
Louis Devries
2nd 1948 H.E. Biester 1,154 40 33 0
L.H. Schwarte
3rd 1952 H.E. Biester 1,245 41 35 0
L.H. Schwarte
4th 1959 H.E. Biester 1,103 41 33 0
L.H. Schwarte
5th 1965 H.E. Biester 1,382 41 37 0
L.H. Schwarte
6th 1972 M.S. Hofstad 1,176 33 40 0
(EC)
B.W. Calnek
C.F. Helmboldt
W.M. Reid
H.W. Yoder, Jr.
7th 1978 M.S. Hofstad 949 33 45 1 (Czechoslovakia)
(EC)
B.W. Calnek
C.F. Helmboldt
W.M. Reid
H.W. Yoder, Jr.
8th 1984 M.S. Hofstad 831 34 51 4 (United Kingdom)
(EC)
H. John Barnes
B.W. Calnek
W.M. Reid
H.W. Yoder, Jr.
9th 1991 B.W. Calnek (EC) 929 35 61 17 (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Hungary,
Israel, Japan, United Kingdom)
H. John Barnes
C.W. Beard
W.M. Reid
H.W. Yoder, Jr.
(Continued)
xii Preface: Historical Review of Diseases of Poultry
No. USA
Edition Year Editors Pages Chapters authors No. non‐USA authors (no. countries)
10th 1997 B.W. Calnek (EC) 1,081 37 78 18 (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Japan,
Pakistan, United Kingdom)
H. John Barnes
C.W. Beard
L. R. McDougald
Y.M. Saif
11th 2003 Y.M. Saif (EC) 1,231 34 63 25 (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France,
Germany, Japan, Israel, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia,
H. John Barnes
United Kingdom)
A.M. Fadly
J.R. Glisson
L.R. McDougald
D.E. Swayne
12th 2008 Y.M. Saif (EC) 1,324 33 71 25 (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France,
Germany, Japan, Israel, Mexico, Netherlands, United
A.M. Fadly
Kingdom)
J.R. Glisson
L.R. McDougald
L.K. Nolan
D.E. Swayne
13th 2013 D.E. Swayne (EC) 1,420 33 72 30 (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chinese
Taipei, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy,
J.R. Glisson
Japan, Mexico, The Netherlands, Sweden, United
L.R. McDougald Kingdom)
V. Nair*
L.K. Nolan
D.L. Suarez
14th 2020 D.E. Swayne (EC) 1,477 33 79 31 (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China,
M. Bouliannea Chinese Taipei, France, Germany, Hungary,
Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands,
C. Logue Sweden, United Kingdom)
L.R. McDougald
V. Naira
D.L. Suarez
EC = Editor‐in‐Chief
a Non‐USA Associate Editors (Canada, United Kingdom)
The inclusion of Dr. DeVries as an editor is a bit AAAP stated that they both were responsible for making
puzzling since he had no medical background; perhaps it the index, and they personally checked practically all of
was in recognition of his effort with the translation of the the references because they felt that they “owed to the
German text. In any case, he was replaced in subsequent reader accuracy.” A total of 61 persons served as authors
editions by Dr. L.H. Schwarte, a member of the Veterinary under their editorial supervision; 12 of them contributed
Research Institute in Ames who had written four c hapters to all five editions.
in the 1st edition. The book was thereafter referred to by Ultimately, the passage of time dictated that Drs. Biester
many as “Biester and Schwarte,” even for a period after and Schwarte should relinquish their roles as editors and
they were no longer associated with it. They continued at they decided that the 5th edition (1965) would be their
the helm through the 5th edition, published in 1965. last. As noted in the Preface to the 6th edition, it was
Although Dr. Schwarte contributed several chapters in their wish “that future editions of the book become the
each of the first five editions, Dr. Biester apparently con­ responsibility of the AAAP…” which had become a strong
fined his efforts to editorial tasks. Their memo to the and representative organization to which many of the