Disease resistance in wheat

335 Pages·2012·3.465 MB·English

by  Indu Sharma

CABI PLANT PROTECTION SERIES)
Disease Resistance
in Wheat
EDITED BY INDU SHARMA
(IL
Disease Resistance in Wheat
MIX
Paper
FSC responsiitbleleirsrMources
FSC C018575
CABI Plant Protection Series
Plant pests and diseases cause significant crop losses worldwide. They cost growers,
governments and consumers billions annually and are a major threat to global food security:
up to 40% of food grown is lost to plant pests and diseases before it can be consumed. The
spread of pests and diseases around the world is also altered and sped up by international
trade, travel and climate change, introducing further challenges to their control.
In order to understand and research ways to control and manage threats to plants, scientists
need access to information that not only provides an overview and background to the field,
but also keeps them up to date with the latest research findings. This series presents
research-level information on important and current topics relating to plant protection
from pests, diseases and weeds, with international coverage. Each book provides a synthesis
of facts and future directions for researchers, upper-level students and policy makers.
Titles Available
1. Disease Resistance in Wheat
Edited by Indu Sharma
Disease Resistance in Wheat
Indu Sharma
Directorate of Wheat Research, Kemal, India
0 bi
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,
London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Disease resistance in wheat / [edited by] Indu Sharma.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84593-818-5 (alk. paper)
1. Wheat--Disease and pest resistance. I. Sharma, Indu, 1954-
SB608.W5D57 2012
633.11--dc23
2011029851
ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 818 5
Commissioning editor: Rachel Cutts
Editorial assistant: Alexandra Lainsbury
Production editor: Fiona Chippendale
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India.
Printed and bound in the UK by the MPG Books Group.
Contents
About the Editor vii
Contributors ix
Preface xi
1 Diseases in Wheat Crops - An Introduction 1
Indu Sharma
2 Stem Rust 18
Sukhwinder Singh, Ravi P. Singh and Julio Huerta-Espino
3 Wheat Leaf Rust 33
Brent McCallum, Colin Hiebert, Julio Huerta-Espino
and Sylvie Cloutier
4 Resistance to Stripe Rust in Wheat: Pathogen Biology Driving
Resistance Breeding 63
Colin R. Wellings, Lesley A. Boyd and Xianming M. Chen
5 Wheat Powdery Mildew 84
Christina Cowger, Lilian Miranda, Carl Griffey, Marla Hall,
J. Paul Murphy and Judd Maxwell
6 Wheat Resistance to Spot Blotch or Foliar Blight 120
Etienne Duveiller and Ram C. Sharma
7 Resistance Breeding for Tan Spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis)
of Wheat 136
Pawan K. Singh, Etienne Duveiller and Ravi P. Singh
8 Resistance in Wheat to Septoria Diseases Caused by Mycosphaerella
graminicola (Septoria tritici) and Phaeosphaeria (Stagonospora) nodorum 151
Stephen B. Goodwin
v
vi Contents
9 Resistance in Wheat to Loose Smut 160
Ron Knox and Jim Menzies
10 Resistance in Wheat to Karnal Bunt 190
Indu Sharma, N.S. Bains and B.C. Sharma
11 Common Bunt of Wheat: an Old Foe Remains a Current Threat 220
Denis Gaudet and Jim Menzies
12 Resistance to Head Blight Caused by Fusarium spp. in Wheat 236
Hermann Buerstmayr, Gerhard Adam and Marc Lemmens
13 Resistance of Wheat to Viral Diseases 277
Antje Habekuj3 and Frank Ordon
14 Flag Smut of Wheat - Pathogen Biology and Host Resistance 295
A.K. Toor and H.S. Bariana
15 Resistance in Wheat to Nematode Diseases 304
Umarao, Amita Sharma and Daman Jeet Kaur
Index 313
About the Editor
Dr Indu Sharma is currently the Project Director at the Directorate of Wheat Research at
Karnal, India. She had been working as a Senior Plant Pathologist (Wheat) in the Department
of Plant Breeding and Genetics at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India before
joining the present position on 1 May 2011. She studied for her BSc Degree in science at
Degree College, So lan, and received the degree from Himachal Pradesh University, Shim la.
She studied for her MSc (Agriculture) and PhD (Mycology and Plant Pathology) at the
College of Agriculture, So lan, and received the degrees from Himachal Pradesh Krishi
Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
In 1997, Dr Sharma visited Iran to train agricultural scientists on various aspects of
Karnal bunt disease of wheat. She was invited to present an overview of Karnal bunt
research in India during 2002 at the International Centre for Wheat and Maize Improvement,
Mexico. She has also visited China, Mexico, the USA, Nepal, Kenya, the Czech Republic
and Russia for projects, to present papers at seminars and conferences, to impart training and
to learn. In 2011, she also visited Syria, France, Switzerland and Australia under different
collaborative projects.
Dr Sharma has worked for 31 years on different aspects of wheat diseases: 24 varie-
ties of bread wheat, durum wheat and triticale and two of barley released for commercial
cultivation from the wheat materials evaluated against leaf and stripe rusts, Karnal
bunt and loose smut and for loose smut and covered smut of barley received under the
All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project (AICW&BIP), state trials
and segregating populations. She has worked extensively on Karnal bunt (KB) resistance
in wheat. The syringe inoculation technique, standardized for evaluating wheat lines in
large numbers, was widely adopted both nationally and internationally. From the
KB-resistant stocks identified, HD 29 and HD 30 were registered under the AICW&BIP.
By utilizing genetically diverse KB-resistant stocks, several wheat lines were devel-
oped having a high degree of resistance in bread wheat durum wheat and triticale.
These lines were also registered with the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources.
KB resistance has been incorporated in high-yielding, commercially cultivated bread
wheat varieties, PBW 343 and WH 542. Eleven loci governing resistance have been
identified in different KB-resistant stocks. Similarly, eight loci governing loose smut
resistance have been identified in 20 stocks. Chromosome regions 1A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 4B
and 3B were found to be associated with KB resistance. The fungicide Propiconazole
was recommended for seed production against KB, rusts (stripe and leaf) and powdery
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viii About the Editor
mildew. A disease prediction model was devised for the effective use of fungicide to
manage KB.
Dr Indu Sharma has published 113 research papers, including 19 in international
journals, presented 103 papers at several scientific meetings, conferences, workshops and
symposia, written 10 extension articles, 11 book chapters, 2 short books and one edited book
in joint authorships. She is a life member and fellow of the Indian Phytopathological Society
and the Indian Society of Plant Pathology and a life member of the Crop Improvement
Society of India and the Indian Society of Seed Technology. She has chaired and co-chaired
sessions in scientific meetings.
In 1992, Dr Sharma received the Pesticide India Award. She was awarded plaques in
wheat group meetings for being one of the team members that released several varieties of
wheat. Over several years, scientific societies have given eight of the papers an award at
zonal level or for research work presented through posters. During 2011, she was honoured
by the Alumni Association of Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, India, bestowed
with one of the best Institution Awards by Plant Protection of Varieties and Farmers Rights
Authority of India and Narasimhan best paper award by the Indian Phytopathological
Society.
She has been involved in the transfer of technology to farmers during extensive surveys
and monitoring of wheat crops, has trained Agricultural Development Officers, scientists
and farmers on wheat disease management, has acted as a resource person in workshops,
demonstrations and exhibitions in `Kisan Melas', has taught graduate and postgraduate
students and has also guided research.
As a Project Director, Directorate of Wheat Research, she is managing the overall
research and administrative activities of All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley
Improvement Project.
Contributors
Adam, Gerhard, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: gerhard.
[email protected]
Bains, N.S., Wheat Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana - 141004, India. E-mail: [email protected]
Bariana, H.S., The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute-Cobbitty, Faculty of
Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, PMB 4011, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia.
E-mail: [email protected]
Boyd, Lesley A., John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Buerstmayr, Hermann, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
and Department for Agrobiotechnology Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln,
Austria. E-mail: [email protected]
Chen, Xianming M., Washington State University, USDA-ARS, Pullman, USA. E-mail:
[email protected]
Cloutier, Sylvie, Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe
Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2M9, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]
Cowger, Christina, US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. E-mail: christina [email protected]
Duveiller, Etienne, CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico,
DF, Mexico. E-mail: [email protected]
Gaudet, Denis, Plant Pathologist, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Box 3000,
5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]
Goodwin, Stephen B., USDA-ARS, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue
University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907-2054, USA. E-mail: sgood-
[email protected]
Griffey, Carl, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Department, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0404, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
HabekuB, Antje, Julius Kiihn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Resistance Research and Stress
Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany. E-mail: antje.habekuss@
jki.bund.de
Hall, Marla, Limagrain Cereal Seeds, Wichita, KS 67204, USA. E-mail: marla.hall@
limagrain.com
ix