Discursive analytical strategies: Understanding Foucault, Koselleck, Laclau, Luhmann

157 Pages·2003·4.21 MB·English

by  Niels Åkerstrøm Andersen

Discurasniavley tsitcraalt egies
UnderstanFdoiuncga uKlots,e lleck,
LaclaLuu,h mann
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A catalorgeuceo rfodrt hibso oki sa vailfraobml teh eB ritLiisbhr ary
ISBNI 8 613443 92 paperback
A hardcovveerrs iooftn h ibso oki sa lsaov ailable
NielAsk erstr9Amn derseins P rofesosfoP ro litMiacnaalg emeanttt h eD epartmeonft
ManagemePnotl,i taincdPs h ilosoCpohpye.n hagBeuns ineSscsh ooDle,n mark.
Covedre sibgynQ ubeD esiAgsns ociaBtreiss,t ol.
Froncto ver:p hotogrsaupphp lbiyek di npde rmissoifMo anr yS haw.
Ther igohftN ielAsk erstrAnnmd ersteonb ei dentiafisae udt hoofrt hiwso rkh asb eena sserted by
himi na ccordawnicteth h e1 98C8o pyrigDhets,ig annsd P atenAtcst .
Alrli ghrtess ervneodp :a rotf t hipsu blicamtaiyob ne r eproducsetdo,r ienda retriseyvsatle omr,
transmiitnta neydfo rm obry a nym eanse,l ectrmoencihca,n ipchaolt,o copyriencgo,r doirno gt,h erwise
withotuhtep riopre rmissoifTo hne P oliPcrye ss.
Thes tatemeanntdos p iniocnosn taiwnietdh tihni psu blicaatrieso onl etlhyo soef t hea uthor and
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sexuality.
Printaenddb ounidn G reaBtr itbayiB ne l&l B aiLnt dG,l asgow
Contents
Lisotft ablaensd fi gures IV
Acknowledgements v
Glossary VI
Introduction IX
Thed iscouarnsael yosfiM si cheFlo ucault
2 Reinhart Kosheilslteoocrfcky o' nsc epts 33
3 Thed iscourse otfhE eronreysL taoc lau 49
4 NiklLaush manns'yss tetmhse ory 63
5 A halolfm irroorrsa pooolf a nalytsitcraalt egies 93
References 119
AppendAi:xE xamploefso thearn alytsitcraalt egies 125
AppendBi:xF urther reading 127
Index 131
111
Liosftt ablaensdf igures
Tablse
0.1M ethovde rsuasn alytsitcraalt egy XIII
I.IF oucaualnta'lsy tsitcraalt egies 31
2.1K oselleacnka'lsy tsitcraalt egies 48
3.1L aclaaun'asl ytsitcraalt egies 62
4.1F irsvte-rsusse cond-orodbesre rvation 71
4.2T hed ifferentioafst oicoine ty 83
4.3L uhmanna'nsa lytsitcraalt egies 92
5.1A nalytsitcraalt ecgoimepsa red 97
5.2P robleomfsc onditiorneilnagtt eodt hea nalytsitcraalt egie1s 14
Figuesr
I.IT heg enealoogfpy s ychoanalysis 21
1.2T hee lemenotfss elf-technology 25
1.3D isposiatniavley sis 28
1.4T hed oublmeo vemenotf d isposiatniavley sis 29
2.1S ynchronvoeurss udsi achronic 47
3.1C hainosfd ifferenacnede quivalence 55
3.2T her elationbsehtiwpe edne construacntdid oins couarnsael ys5i8s
4.1T hes igonf d ifference 65
4.2T hem arkeddi fference 65
4.3A differenocbes ervtehdr ouag hd ifference 66
4.4T hed istincstyisotne m/envirroen-meenntte arsea d p arotf i tse6l7f
4.5T hes igonf r e-entry 68
4.6R e-entorfyt hed istincstyisotne m/environment 81
4.7T hec alcuolfufo sr m 84
4.8M edia/fosrtma ircase 86
4.9T her elatiobnesthwiepe fonr m analyasnidss emantainca lysis8 9
4.1T0h er elatiobnesthiwpe edni fferentainadst eimoann tics 90
4.I1T her elationbsehtiwpee n sysatneamlsya snidsm ediaan alysis9 1
5.1A nalytsitcraalt egy 117
IV
Acknowledgements
Thibso okp reseMnitcsh eFlo ucault, RKeoisnehlalretEc rkn,e sLtaoc laaun d
NiklaLsu hmanans a nalytsitcraalt egTihsetrsie.s a r easofonr thisIh. a vfoer
somey ears bsetuedny itnhgem orefu ndamentcahla ngiensE uropesaonc ieties.
Tryintgo c aptutrhee sfuen damentcahla ngeisti, se astyo b ecomae v ictoifm
curresnetl f-descrainpdfut tiuorniesm ageisns oci.e Itnysteoafgd r aspitnhge
changeyso ub ecomea prisonoeftr h ed iscouprrsoed uceorfts h ed aya nd
theisrt rategically fuctounrsietm raugcetsIe.tdi se astyo c onfutshee a ctual
changweist thh ei mageasn di,n s od oinogn,e m ayb ecomaen i nstrumienn t
confirmitnhged iscouprrsoed uceprosl'i tpirceadli ctoifot nrse nds: globalisation,
thek nowledsgoec i,et thyen etworsko cieatnydt hed reams oci.e Sttyudying
changieti, se ssentdiiaffilcluytl otm aintatihnen ecessdairsyt atnoct eh eo bject;
tot hes ocietthyas th oulbdes tudied.
Inm y temrinolotghyi,ps r obleimso neo fa nalytsitcraalt heogwyc :a ny ou
criticaalnlayl yas ceo herenocfme e aninogfw hicyho ua rea partF?o ucault,
KoselleLcakc,l aaund L uhmanenx plortehdip sr obleamn di ti st hefo urv ery
differesnttr ateogfih easn dliinttg h afotr m thet hemoe ft hibso ok.
The boohka sb eenw ritteinn a veyr insipirnge nvironmenattt he
DepartmeonfMt a nagemenPto,l itaincdPs h ilosoapthC yo penhagBeuns iness
SchooIlw .o ulldi kteo t hanmky colleagfoure tsh eicrh allendgiisncgu ssions
andfr uitfuclo mmentIsn.p articIuw loaurl ldi kteo t hanCkh ristiTnhay ssen,
AsmundB orna ndH anneK nudsen.
v
Glossary
Ana nalyticailas s esct-oroandrtdesertg rya fotret ghyoe bs erivoaontfh ow
'hte csioeamle'r igneo sbe sravti(oonersn unciaantadir otnitsci suo)lnT.ah e
elaabtooinro fa na nlaytsitcraalit nevgoysl ahvpeisans gp eficcg iazteh aaltl ows
theevn iornmetnoat p epaarsc nosisotfti hnoegb svetarisoo nfo thpeoerp loer
syesmts.
Communiciaass t eeilciotonpn r occeosnss,io sfast yinntgoh fte hsrisesece lt eions:
(1s)e lioenoc fti nfoartomin,t hia,swt h aitts o b ec ommnuica(t2se)edc l;te ion
offo rmo fm esstahgaeth, owi tshi,efn romatiiso bnte co o mmuniacdna ted;
final(l3sy)e, l eocfut indoesnrt antdhiianwstgh, ,a stoh ulbdeu ndersatboooudt
thmee ssage.
Conc(eKpots eilalsw e ocrkcd)o ndenaws iidnrega nogfse co ilaa npdol ilt ica
meansi.nC goncepctospm riasnue n decided oafbm uenadnaiann cge,
contcaertnioofn whimcahk tesh eamm biguPoruesc.it sherloyu gh
itasm ibugtiyt,h ceo nccerpetaa ts epsao cfse i gficnaitiwohni,ci hso petno
inteetraptrainodn b ceacno ams ee mabnatltiietclef d.
Deconrsucttiiosn wsihnohgow dieffrnecsea rceo nteinnttg,h aits ,
deconstirasub cotrutietro anc otrui npncagk idnifgref necset os hotwh tahte y
arneo dti efferncaetas l- lt htaht'e ab r'b etwteweoon p poseilnengmt es,
whicihsa otleosn e frtohmoe ht e,rc annboet maaiinnetIdns. oh rtto,
deocnstirsu dctetom sotnrtahtieem polsyiso tifab d iinscttiion.
Disco(uFrcosauelu, to )rm oerp reciad sieuslrcys foirvmeta inoi,as s ystem of
dispeforrss ttiaeomne .nI ittnss o ats tcrtuuerixes toinanl ge vdeielffr efnortm
statemdeinsrticsvsufe;ro matiiosnm psyli three glauryi otft hee ugilrarr
distriobfsu ttaietontensm .
Disco(uLcralseai uas)s trtuuacrlt oittaoylfd ieffrentcheiasast r esoufal nt
artliactupoarrtcyi cTeh.e ish,owe vnere,vf eurla lciyhee vdD.i srcsoeu
isa n ev-ecropmeltefxdia tipoorcne tshtsat akes thprloaaucrget hi culation
withafi ine olfd oduirsscyiw viitdthr iftrietnlgia ons.
For(mL huma)ni ntsh uen yio tfad fifreence.
A guiddiinsgt iintsch tdeii osnt itnhccatatidn oe nf itnhfeer afomres econd­
ordere raovtbisoFnostr.h e sd-eocrodner thgeu iddiinsgt inction
dviiedst hweo ralnddd i cthaotwte hswe o rcladbn e o bserved.
VI
Glossary
Hegemoinsoy nl yp ossiwbhleesn o mtehienixgs tthsac tan hgbemeeo sneid.
Thiosnl yo cucrwsh eand iscsoelu arcfkisnf xaialit ownh,e tnh dei ssciuvre
elemshe onltdas urpolfmu esain nga,n wdh etnh e airrer envoetr sibly
liendtk ot hsein giifeCdo.n senqt,uhl egeyemony thnee v-ecrolnucded
attetmopp otrdsu acf ei xpeodi onfdts i crosuteow, h itchhe wrieal llw abyes
at hreat.
Informiaasdt iiefoerfnn cteh maatk easd iefferncteoa s syteImt.t hisesy stem
itstehlsafeet cl itnsfo rmatipounern ofirasonemidr r itaotnti hobena soifis t s
owno peraotfdi iosnti ionnTc.hat ti st,hs ey stneemes e dpxetcatitoobn es
surprised.
Methiosd rtuhlaeen spd r oceesrd euqrutiorp oerddu ciene tsikcfinco wledge.
Nodpaoli anrtpesr iilvedgieusdrc spiovtieswn ,h iscehr tvoae r rtehsfeotl w o f
rletaionswhiitphso utb eceovmearir negac le net orf the discourse. The
dissciuvsret ruagbguoltte h ceo sntrtuicoonfn odpaolti sin ss,ot os pke,aa
ct-r11rrrr1a"" botuhtce o ndiotfci noofnclstwi si thasi pne cdiifsirccso eu.
Re-netriyst hoep reatbiyow nh icahd ieffrenicsce o pdi ietnoi tlsfte,h us
becomaip nragt iotfs elf.
Secondo-bosredreviraas nt o ibeosrnv oanot fai no bseornva asat noi bsetrivoan.
Thaitsn ,o rtde uciannog b saetrivtoosn o metehlisfonerge, x amep,tlo a n
iedoolgyi,ni dvildi utnaeonnt,ssi ujbeicvtiatnysd o oAnno. b rsveatiiaso nn
idnitcoianw ithafi rna omfed ieffrnece.
Smeanti(cLsu hm)aa ner cnhaacretrisaest dh aec cumualmaotuenodtf
genaeilersd foromfds ffi eernc(eforse axmplceo,n ceipdtesa,s ,a dn
symboalvisalb)al foer thsee elcitoonf m eaniwnight isny stoefm s
commnuitcia.o n
Socsiyaslt iesm a aunto oiipesct ystoefcm o mmuniiocwnah,ti dcehf iintesse lf
in ctnohset ruocfit tieson nvo inrmetnhtr ocuogmhm utniidvcseeac riptions.
A socsiyaslt iesams ytsemo nlyi nr leattiooi nte sn voinrmeannttd,h e
envnimreonitnt, u ,re nxiosntlsiy nr ealtoin ats osy teBm.ot hs ystaenmd
envoinrmeanriten e tnraslt rucotfcu mormeusnc iaitoHn.ow eveern,vo inmrent
inso 'rte alaisst uyc'Eh n.v nimreoncton sssito ft hwahti icdhse ifnebdyt he
commnuicaatsiis tro enl esvuaornurtnin dg.sA ny systemi isted hnietcraelfo re
toi tsienil tfds ie ffrnece( anodnl yi ni ts frotmh ien etnral
evniornmecnotnr suitcotn.
VII
Discurasnivayelt icsartlat egies
Stateimasef nnuttco ino fe xinsctteeh eanatb lgerosu ps toe xsitT.h e
stateimste hnsetm laelusnti tw,h icbhir nsgf orpthehn omentohnro ugh
eunnctiinaoW.e a rtch ereafbotlroere e cogtnhsiets aet ememnotm ebnyt airtys
creartaitothnhe arbn yi sta ppaenacraess ing,s ent,eb nocooekra rugment.
Statnetamsre peo sivieetv entthsap otrd uceex sitentchero eunguhn icoina.t
Thifsnu ctioofen x einstcceo ntaatil nesafo sutra p setc:so jbcets,uj bcet,
concteupnaelt waonrskdt rya.t eg
Subjpeocsti tairotenh sse p acferoswm h ciho ne anodb rsveeisna
diusrcsfiovrem ationp.oi stihoanvrseu lfeotsrh aece cptancceer toafi n
indiviidnuttaohsl eps a ,cr euslfoersa c ceptarnecgear idnwi hnagst i touna ti
thseuj bcetp osictaibnoeu n s eadsap latfofro rsmp eaankodib nsge ravnidn g,
rulfoerts h feo ramtioofsn t atnetomsne eco nhea ass suams epcdei fpioicstn i.o
Subjeicntcdiaintgte hsaa tni nidvidoura clao lilveiecsp to rclaitmobe ed a
sujbcetw ithai n discoTuhreisd nei.v iodru actloh lcetl ieivose ff ered
ap raticulari nt hdei scofurrowsmhe i ch ctashnpe eyaa nkad c itna
meanguiflnw a.y Sujbetcintgh ussi gntihfiseep sa icnwe h icthhde i srcsuive
invddiiualr eceives
Subjecthiavpapwtehineostnn h ien divoird uctaohllce tl ieivnseo o tn lfoyr med
asas ujbetbc uta lwsoi stoh heet shs euj bcetS.u jbcetivastiigonnti hfiseep sa ce
inw hitchhi en div,i{?diiuvtatesloi se t !sfe !f
VIII
Introduction
Fromm ethodt oa nalytisctarla tegy
Thseo csicaile cnucrersee nxtiilsntyt h e ofc onrsutcitsi.m vnAu mebro f
socsicailie snstteste h emsealsd vieeffersn tty poefs conisivtsartnusdtc, ht e
conscittvriusspter cutmi bsr o-afrdo mP etBeerr gaenTrdh omsLa uckmann
viPai eeBr orurditeoMu i chFeolcu aualntNd i klLaush manSnow.,h yi s
conscttriuvsiops omp unloawrI? nm yv ieiwht a ssi mpbleoycm et odoif cfiult
nott ob ea c otnrsuctRievgiasrtod.flt ehfseis e lsdo clso iicfae nocnefoe c uses
ont,h meo sntot iecabtlhei insg ancdh nageosf tteonu ucpho ann d
chalelfu ennadgmeanvlta lruaeiss,i ng abotuhtce no steinctthu aracter
ofw hawtes ee.
Iwfe l ooaktp oilscit,th e oEpuenraant sitoant es matreeg rbaetienag
EuorpneU anioanndt hWeor lTdr ade -ap orcetshsca nt�m engies
thvea loufte h seo versetiagItnfwe e .l ooaktm edicnienw�e.. .,,, ,.,,,._,,.,.F,,"·"
(suacsph r endaitaagln qouseisstt)hi veoa nl oufie dn iviyd.uT ahlewi etlfare
staitesex periaeg nrcoiwnnigun mgb oefrr e forbmass oensd p enpdioltniigc s,
whiqcuhte isotnhvsea loufse o dlaiyr.Wi etf erquleyfn ittnhdoa utcr a toergies
don ot thesye eiman edquaTtheyea. p petaop roi nttoa fo rmeorr der
thnaotl nogeerxt isTs.h iists h cea wsiet he,x mfapolrte h,e notion
<::n1trPf"PHi-nt•1 We us'eo cntevhtnein olac oncteoep vta'l tuhaceto cene sp t'
Wee valEuuartoep ean byu sicnagto ergies toa
datweodr olrdd Weera .n altyhsee fbuytt husert eaa nrddosft hpea st.
Oure xperieonftc hees ofc aetogrieenscu oraugset ot akae
stebpa cikno rdteolr o oaktt he thems-etlhveecisnor su ttcrion,
thehiitrso rayn tdh epiors iwtiitonht nih fei eolfod usfr o cuRsa.t htehra n
Euorpeiatnne grafrtoimto hnpe re scpteiovfse't astoev ert'eyw,ie g n
abotuhtce o ncoefsp otv ereiitgsanentltdyfh h ei stocrodiniictoanolfs
itesx istaentndrc aen sfoonWr.em i antqieui inrhtoow t hied eat hsoeof v ereign
stahtabese esnh apaenhddo wi mta yb et heratebnyte hde Union.
Wel ooaktw h incehw cceopnctosu bleed m ergwihncighn, e wm eannigst he
olcdo necpotfs overeiisg nhtoyw an ewi nisttutiofnraalmiesweodr k is
buialortu nadn ewu nedrstaonfds ionvge reigsnoot ny. anRda ther than
formingi mamdnei ajtugedem enotfn ew toelcohgnwieem sa,ki en qiueisr
abotuhtee ov lutoifo n anodf indviavliudIeunwsa h.la w ta yd o
newt ecohlnosgc iaheneg ouurn derstaonfld i,iif nnogvd iidiu,tad yleinsyt,
responsainfbdri eleidtToyom w ?h aetx tednon te wt ehcnloognioeotsn ly
crenaetwie d ebausatl, rs eov oilvided eaanrsde opoelqndu esn,tsf ioeorx ample
IX
Discsuirvaena lyitcaslt rtaegies
thqeu esotfis oonclh iyaegnie dbacatkit notg hs eo clr ieafoorftm hs1e 29 0s
an1d3 90s?
Att hsea mtei mken,o wlheadbsgec eo maeni ntrpianrsti coo rfg atnhies ation
ofs ocyii enamt ucmho rseta rtewgaiytc h abnfoe reT.od asyo ciolsopgeiaskt s
oft hken owlesdogcteiyt ,eh ceo raptocero mmiutntya lakbso kunto wledge
managemGeennatet.ri knngo wleidsng ole o ngeexrc vleut soii ndependent
sciiefniitncs titutaiso niusvsn eirsstu.iIc enht hceo raptocero mmuyn,i t
knowlegde-isnietv beunsinhevasesb eesee ns taebdls,iu scahhst hbei g
itnertniaocnonaslu lftiirPnmgLs CS o nsDuellto,i& t Ttonec haen Mdc Kiyn.s e
Thye don osti mpolpye raantudet iolriagsnei satthieoodnre ivoeepsle bdy
thuen iverTshiyeat riteeh sese.ml vgeesn eroaftt hoerosar nicdeo sn ceapntds ,
theciorn cdeeepvlto pmneoontnt ls ye rtvhepesu rpoofss ceii efknintco wledge,
iatl asiom tsos eduacnsede .l l
Withigonev rnmesnitm,id liasrrcs uiivnes tithauvtbeie oeennss ti asbhilend
ordteodr e veslcoipie fdniitcs coaunrtdsod e isa gtnhoesn edc iotoifso oncy i,e t
witthhi en tenotfci oornnot lltihpneog l iategincdadale, f itnhifenr ga mework
forn eogtiaatniidon ns taasl elniosnfreg e sponisnoi rbaginliistapyto ilointsi,c al
patriaensid dn idvuiaOlnseE. u ropeexaanm ipsl eEt urhoeep aEnn voinrment
Agecnyw,h icwha ess tiasbhilenod r dteorc o lledcatt aan mda koejb eicvte
deciiosnasnt,dof uncatasic orne aotfeo nrvo inrmnetkanlo wloerdd gies courses
anadsa c ampnaiinoggr ngiaisnoa.t hOeEtrur poeaenx ampalrteehs Ge r oup
ofP olAidcvyi asnetdrh sJe o iRnetsa ercChe nrteb,ot ho fw hiwcehr e created
undtehrae u spoiftc heEesu ropCeoamnm isasnitdoh Eneu, r opMeoanni toring
Cenrteo nR aciasnmXd e nophobia.
Inr elattoti hosinos m,pe e opleo fks npoewalkpe odlgciesTt .odi ayr'ess earcher
facensu moeurisvn esattiigocnosn,c epportbsl,e smlosu,t itohneso,r ies,
descriapntedix aopnnliasot nesm,b edidnte hdse p iorfsi cti ebnucatsel ow, i th
as icetnifsitca nadnipdno gil ciastlt,r aatneadgd imcni itsratfiuvnec ttihoant
remaoibnssc uOrneca.eag itnh,ci aslfo lrrs e setahrtacathk aes st beapc akn d
questtihoenissnee v sattiigocnonscp,et ,ps orbelm,ss oliuotntsh,re ioes,
descriapntedix opnlisao nnast:
How havteh ecyo me bienit?n og
•
Whicshta rtegaineds pohlaivscehi aeptseh de m?
•
Fore xampl.e. .
I
Aree xpresssuico'hnt csaho esm tpecl oelalegeu''l,ifelleoanrognr' iddneigc'a ted
empyleoeisno'nc einntcd aitnisOo?r a rteh easy i ogfann efowr mo ft raining,
whimceha ns asta hnea mtlp oyoerec itiyzoeaunr n eo otn ylr equtior ed
perfyoorumrd tuyb utto i nvyeosutrw holleiy fouer,s oualn ydou r
involvienymou eron rtg aniosria nbte iioann' g g ocoidzt'ei n?
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