Discovery of a New Lucanid Genus Allied to the Genus Lucanus (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) from the High Mountains in Northern Myanmar

7 Pages·1998·8.1 MB·English

by  Araya, K

Elyt1・a,Tokyo,26(2):333-339,Novemberl5,1998
DiscoveryofaNewLucanidGenusAlliedtotheGenusLucanus
(Coleoptera,Lucanidae) fromtheHighMountainsin
NorthernMyanmar
Kunio ARAYA
GraduateSchoolofHumanandEnvironmentalStudies,KyotoUniversity,
Yoshida,Sakyo,Kyoto,606-8501Japan
and
MasahiroTANAKA
3-10-7Mikatadai,Nishi-ku,Kobe,651-2277Japan
Abstract AverypeculiarlucanidbeetlealliedtothegenusLucanusisdescribed
fromthehighmountainsinnorthernMyanmarunderthenameofNoseolucanus'ugosus
gen etsp nov.Thisnewspeciesappeartobearelicthavingbeenisolatedonthehigh
mountainsof Myanmar-Chinaborderandretainingtheancestral characterstates inthe
tribeLucanini.
ThroughthecourtesyofMr.Y.NOSE,werecentlyhadanopportunitytoexamine
onedamagedcarcassofastrangemalelucanidbeetlecollectedinthehighmountain
areaofnorthernMyanmar.Unfortunately,thisspecimenwassodamagedthatwewere
unabletoexamineitsgenitalorgansnorantennae,bothofwhichcouldbequiteuseful
fordeterminingsystematicpositionof thisstrangelucanidbeetle. Ingeneralappear-
ance, thisstrangebeetlesomewhat resembles themembersof the genusLucanus
ScopoLl,1763,especiallytothesubgenusPseudolucanusHOPEetWESTWOOD,1845
whosesize is relativelysmallandsexual dimorphism is not so distinct within the
genus.However, thestrangelucanidbeetleinquestionshowsverypeculiarmorpho-
logicalcharacteristicssuchasheadandprothoraxwithdenseandtransversewrinkles,
whicharenotsharedatallbyanyknowngeneraofthefamilyLucanidae.Besidesthis,
thecollectionsiteofthisinterestingmaterial islocatedinthehighmountainareaof
northernMyanmarclosetotheChineseborder,anditmustbequitedifficulttoobtain
additionalspecimens.Thoughthedamagedsinglemalespecimennowatourhandsis
notsufficient fordeterminingitstruesystematicposition,wehavedecidedtodescribe
it inthepresentpaperprovisionallyunderanewgenus, inviewofitsimportancein
manyrespectsbothtaxonomicallyandzoogeographically.
Fourteenbodymeasurementswere takenbasedon ARAYA (l992). Theseare: 1)
334 KunioARAYAandMasahiroTANAKA
BL -bodylengthwithoutmandibles;2)BT-bodythickness;3)HL-headlength;4)
HW-headwidthatwidestpart includingeyes;5)CHW-headwidthmeasuredbe-
tween tipsofcanthis; 6) ML-mandiblelength;7) DBT-distance frommandibular
base to inner tooth;8)PL -pronotumlength;9)PW-pronotumwidthatwidestpart;
10)EL -elytralengthmeasuredalongthemid-line;11)EW-elytrawidthat widest
part; 12)PTL -protibia length; 13) PTW-protibiawidth; 14) HWL- hind wing
length.Allmeasurementsareinmm.
GenuSNose0加canusARAYAet TANAKA nov
TypeSpecies:NoseolucanusrugosusARAYAetTANAKA,sp
nov.
AlliedtothegenusLucanus,especiallytothesubgenusPseudolucanus,butdif-
fers from it in the followingcharacteristics:sizesmaller;bodyshorter and、troader,
ovalindorsalview,muchdepressedinlateralview,dullbrownishblackincolor,dorsal
andventralsurfacesopaque,almostnaked;headandprothoraxrelatively largetoely-
tra;posteriorpartofheadwithdenseandtransversewrinkles;eyemuchsmaller,al-
most completely divided by triangularly projected canthus; mandible short, very
stronglyandregularlyrounded fromthebase,outermarginstronglyconcaveatbase;
mentum trapezoidal, apical part not rounded; prothorax withdenseand transverse
wrinkles;elytramuchshorterandbroader,withananteriorlyprojectedangleoneach
shoulder, dorsal part with shallow but distinct striae; scutellum large; intercoxa1
processofprosternummuchdeveloped,expandingposteriorly;metasternumandab-
domenalmostnaked; legsshorterandbroader.
Forthetimebeing,thisnewgenusincludesonlythetypespecies.
Distribution. KnownfromonlynorthernMyanmarclosetotheChineseborder.
Etymo1o1gy. ThenewgenusisdedicatedtoMr.NOSEwhogaveusanopportu-
nitytoexaminethisinterestinglucanidbeetle.
Notes. Recently,onepeculiar lucanidbeetlewasdescribedbyBOUCHER(1996)
asanewmemberof thesubgenusPseudolucanusof thegenusLucanus from the
GaoligongRangeontheChina-Myanmarborders,whichisneartothecollectingsite
of the type species of this new genus. According to theoriginal description, this
Pseudolucanus,L.(P)denticulus,shareswithNoseolucanusthefollowingimportant
characteristics,whicharenotsharedbytheothermembersofthegenusLucanus:body
depressed; eyealmostcompletelydividedbydistinctlyprojectedtriangular canthus;
elytrawithdistinctstriae;legsrelativelyshortandbroad.Thoughitisdifficulttodeter-
minewithconfidenceitstruetaxonomicaffinitysinceL. (P)delltlculuswasdescribed
onthe femaleholotypealone,thesesimilaritiessuggestthatNoseolucanusandL.(p)
denticulusmayhaveaclosephylogeneticrelationshipwitheachother,andfurther,jtjs
possiblethatL dentlculusbelongstothenewgenusNoseolucanus.
Ontheotherhand,bodycolorationandthesilhouetteofmandibleandprothorax
ofthetypespeciesofNoseolucamlsratherresemblethoseofNorthAmerjcanL
(p)
mazan7athanAsianPseudolucanussuchasL.(P)oberthueriorL.(P)atratus.Need_
NewLucanidGenusfromMyanmar 335
Fi9S. 1-3. NOSeolucanusrugosusARAYAetTANAKA,genetsp nov., holotype;1,dorsalview;2,ven_
,
tralview;3,lateralview.
lesstosay,thereisaverywidegeographicalgapbetweenAsianMyanmarandNorth
America,sothat relationshipbetweenNoseolucanusandNorth AmericanPseudolu_
canusmaynotbedirect.ThesubgenusPseudolucanusisconsideredtobeanancestral
9roupwithin thegenusLucanus. Thus, thesimilaritiesamong thetypespeciesof
Noseolucanus,L.(P)denticuhtsandL.(P)mazamamaybeduetosharingtheances_
tra1characterstatesinthetribeLucanini. It isprobablethatthecommonancestorof
NoseolucanusandLucanusdispersed fromthenorthernareaofSoutheastAsia,most
probably Myanmar-China borders, in which it must have originated, towards the
Ho1oarctic Region includingEurope, andmigrated to theNewWorld through the
BeringLandBridgelikesuchmammalsasantelopes.
Anyway,discoveryandexaminationofthemaleofL.(P)denticulusaswellas
perfectspecimensofNoseolucanusaremuchdesiredfordeterminingtheirtruephy1o_
geneticaffinities.Also,suchastudywouldcontributemuchtoevaluationofthecur_
rentlyprevailinggenericclassificationofthetribeLucanini,infightofthephylogeny.
NOSeoluCanuSrugosusARAYAetTANAKA,sp
nov.
(Figs.1-9)
Descnpt1onof the holotype. Male. Body(Figs. 1-3) nearlyoval,depressed,
surfaceopaqueanddullbrownishblackincolor.Head(Fig 4)square inshape, rela-
tivelylargetoelytra,sunkinprothorax;anteriorhalfofdorsalsurfacedenselypunc-
336 KunioARAYAandMasahiroTANAKA
Fjgs 4_g Noseolucanus,・ugosusARAYAetTANAKA,genetsp nov., holotype;4,hea(i,do「SalView;5
djtto.ventralvjew;6,pronotum;7,prosternumandintercoxa1proces,s;8,scutellumandelyt「alSt「lao
9,hindwing. Scales:2.0mmforFigs.4-8;5.0mmforFig9.
posteriorhalfclosely, transverselyandirregularly rugose,withahollownear
ture
eacheye;ventralsurfacewithisodiametricandwell-definedpuncturesneareacheye.
Mandjble(Fig4)short,roundedstronglyandregularly,withaquitefeebleinnertooth;
baseofoutermarginstronglyconcave, innermarginbecoming in ated, ventral side
withlargeandclosepunctures.Clypeus(Fig 4)notprojected,almosthiddenindorsal
view. Mentum (Fig 5) closely puncture trapezoidal inshape, apical part almost
straight.Eye(Fig 4)small,withdistincttriangularcanthuscoveringmorethan3/4of
jtsexternalmargin.Prothorax(Fig 6)broader thanlong,relatively largetoelytra,de-
pressed,closely, transverselyandirregularlyrugoseondorsalsurface; lateralmargin
rounde(i,stronglyconcavetothenarrowbase,eachposteriorendwithsharpangula-
tion.Elytra(Fig 8)veryshortandbroad;dorsalsurfacedull,nothairy,withshallow
but distinctstriae; lateralsidesfinelybutratherdeeplypuncture andalittle attened
NewLucanidGenusfromMyanmar 337
atedge.Scutellum(Fig.8)relativelylarge,sunkanteriorly,smoothbutexceptionally
puncturedonanteriorpart.Hindwing(Fig 9) fullydeve1ope about15timesofely-
tra11ength.Prosternum(Fig 7)denselypunctured, fringedwithlongyellowish-brown
hairsaroundprocoxa1cavityandatbothanteriorandposteriormargins; intercoxa1
processofprosternumrelativelydeveloped,expandingposteriorly.Mesosternumwith
closepunctures,eachbearingayellowish-brownhair.Metasternumwithfinebutdis-
tinctpunctures,almostnakedincentralarea,butscarcelyfringedwithminuteyellow-
ish-brownhairsaroundmetacoxa1cavity.Legsrelativelyshortandbroa clothedwith
longbutsparseyellowish-brownhairs.Tarsirelativelyshort.Protibiashortandbroad,
withlongbutsparseyellowish-brownhairsalongridge;outermarginwithlargeand
dullcurvedterminal fork, followedbyonelargelateralspineandone feeblelateral
protuberance. Meso-andmetatibiaeshort,withlargepunctures,eachbearingalong
yellowish-brownhair,arrangedinrows;lateralmarginwithonedistinctspineandone
feebleprotuberance;distalendwiththreelargeterminalspinesatoutersideandtwo
articulatedlongspinesat innerside.Abdomenwithfivevisiblesternites,smooth,not
hairy.
Measur'ements. BL - 16.45; BT -4.70; HL-3.20; HW-6.20; CHW-6.90;
ML- 7.70; DBT-4.30;PL-4.80;PW-8.95;EL-1040;EW- 10.00;PTL-4.20;
PTW - 160;HWL-15.70.
Holotype. 1 16~21-VIII-1995, Katcin, Sanbun, north ofPutao, northern
,
Myanmar.
TheholotypeisdepositedintheentomologicalcollectionoftheGraduateSchool
ofHumanandEnvironmentalStudies,KyotoUniversity(KUHE).
Notes. Severalwingless lucanidbeetleshavebeenknown fromthehighmoun_
tainsinSoutheastAsia(ARAYA,1994).Seemingly, thepresentsubalpinespeciesalso
looksflightlessduetohavingtheshortelytrarelativetotheheadandpronotum,but it
mayactuallybeagoodfliersinceitshindwingsarehighlydevelopedandabout15
timesofelytra11ength.
Recently, unexpected species diversity has been revealed for the subgenus
Pseudolucanusof thegenusLucanusintheHymalayasand theirsurroundingareas
(BOUCHER& HUANG, 1991;BOUCHER,1995). It isexpected that further fieldworks
maypossiblyyieldotherundescribedmembersofthisnewgenus.
Acknowledgments
Wewish toexpressourdeepappreciation toMessrs. Y.NOSE,S.NYlandN.
LANwAN,andMissB.LANwAN, forgivingustheopportunitytoexaminetheprecious
specimenofthetypespeciesofthisnewgenusandtoMr.M.SUzuMURA foroffering
many invaluablelucanidspecimensforcomparison.WealsothankDr.M.KoN,Uni-
versityofShigaPrefecture, for preparingthephotographsandcritically readingan
early draftof thismanuscript. Thisstudy issupported inpartby theGrants-in-Aid
fromtheMinistry ofEducation,Science,SportsandCulture,Japan,Nos.09740639
338 KunioARAYAandMasahiroTANAKA
and09839030toK. ARAYA
SpecimensExaminedforComparison
Lucanusgrac111s:1,:1,1?,25-VI-l980,Darjeeling,WestBengal,NE.India.
L.oberthuerj:1d VI-1990,Sandakphu,WestBengal;1 , l ?, VI-1990;Mt.Kanchenjunga,
Sikkim; l(S,Darjeeling,WestBengal,NE.India.
L davldis: 1 ,1 ,2~6-VII-1994,1,900-2,900m,Gonggashan-Hailuogou,WSichuan;1(3,
21~24-VII-1992,HailuogouGlacierPark,Luding,Sichuan,China.
L atratus: 1 ,1?,VII-1986,TigerHills,Darjeeling,WestBengal,NE.India;1,3,VII-1990,
Mt.Pulchoki,2,000m,Kathmandu,C.Nepal.
Lgroulti:1di7~19-VII-1981,LawaraiPass,2,700-3,300m,Pakistan.
L.wmmeri:1?,6-VI-1992,Ghorapani,2,800-3,200m,WNepal.
Lbarba1・ossa:1?,18-VII-l985,LosNavuas.
Lmazama:1?,VII-1995,Canlamzon,Cochise,C.Arizona.
L.capreolus:3 1 ,VII-1991,Bringham,Alabama.
,
L.placidus: 13,3-VI-1923,Chicago,111.,U.S.A; 11116-VII-1963,ColoradoSprin9S,
U. S. A.
要 約
荒谷邦雄・田中正浩:ミャンマー北部山地からのミヤマクワガタ属に近縁な新属新極のクワ
ガタムシの記載. - 筆者らは, 最近, ミャンマー北部の中国国境の山地で得られた, クワ
ガタムシ族(Lucanini) に属すると思われる,未知の特異な雄のクワガタムシの標本を検する
機会を得た. 問題の標本は,残念なことに,触角が両方とも欠損していたうえ, 腹部内部の損
傷が激しく, 交尾器を検することもできなかった. こうした事情のため, 本種の確かな類縁関
係はわからないが, 頭部および前胸背板に密に細かい横皺が入るという本種の特徴は, 従来知
られているどのクワガタムシの属にも知られてぃなぃものである. 加えて, 分類学的にも生物
地理学的にも重要な発見であること, 採集地点がミャンマーと中国の国境付近の山地であり,
今後,追加標本が容易には得られそうになぃことをも考慮し, この新種を一応, ミヤマクワガ
タ属 (Lucanus) に近縁な新属のものと認め, Noseolucanusrugosusと命名し記載した. この新
属名は, 貴重な標本の提供者である野瀬幸信氏に献名したものである.
本種は, 大顎の発達がそれほど顕著ではなく, その概観はLucanus属のPseudohicanus亜属を
思わせるものがあり, 全体の質感, とくに大質lや前月Iの概形は北米産のマザマミヤマクワガ
Lucanus(pseudoulcanus)mazamaに, また眼縁突起の形状や浅い筋のある革肖地などの特徴は, 中
国南部ミャンマー国境の山地から最近記載されたL.(P)denticulusによく似てぃる. Pseudo-
1ucanus亜属はLucanus属の中でも祖先的な一群と見なされており, Noseolucanusrugosusと中国
南部ミャンマー国境産のL.(P)denticuhls, および北米産のL.(P)mazamaの3種に見られるこう
した形態の共通性は, Lucanini族におけるもっとも祖先的な形質の共有である可能性が高い.
もしかすると, Noseolucanus属とLucanus属の共通祖先種は, アジア大陸の中国とミャンマー
の国境付近に起源し, 氷期に存在したべ一リング陸橋を通って北米大陸に侵入したのかもしれ
ない.
NewLucanidGenusfromMyanmar 339
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Elyt,・a,Tokyo,26(2):339-340,Novemberl5,1998
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KatsuroYAHIR0
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IwishtoexpressmygratitudetoMr.K.FUJIMoT0,Mr.S.TAKEDAandMissY.SUGINofor
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Specimense)camined. 23 30 ,0kishimaIs.,0mihachiman-cho,ShigaProf.,1-VII-
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29-III-l998, K. YAHIRo leg;1 ,ditto,29-III-l998,K.FUJIMoToleg;1,3,29-III-1998,K.
YAHIR0leg;1 ditto,29-III-1998,S.T^KEDAleg.
,
Apotomopterusporrecticollis(BATES)
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