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D I S C O U R S E S OF RUMI (OR FIHI MA FIHI) BASED ON THE ORIGINAL TRANSLATION BY A. J. ARBERRY J Reprinted with permission of the copyright holder OMPHALOSKEPSIS Ames,Iowa preface Omphaloskepsis acknowledges the kind permission granted by Little Known Publications ([email protected]) for use of their original ASCII text for composition of this PDF version of Discourses of Rumi. This text is not in the public domain. Please note: this PDF version is copyright © 2000 Omphaloskepsis. Commercial reproduc- tion or distribution of this file is strictly prohibit- ed. For additional information, please contact us at [email protected]. Reprinted below is the documentation provid- ed by Little Known Publications for use of their original ASCII keystrokes: All of the writings on the web pages of Little Known Publications are free for your perusal. There are no charges or fees of any kind. You are also free to copy any of the writings for your own personal use, or for use in any way that does not generate a profit. We only ask, when you wish to iii copy, post or retransmit any of these writings, that you recognize the copyrights for these publications belong to the author and that you include the statement: Reprinted with permission of the copyright holder. The poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi has recently become popular and well known, thanks to new translations by Coleman Barks, Robert Bly and others. Anyone who is looking to experience Rumi’s incandescent love need go no further than his volumes of verse, but if you want to see the subtleties of his wisdom and find insights into the real meaning of his poetry, then Rumi’s Discourses hold the key. Until this publication, as far as the publishers know, all previous translations of Rumi’s Discourses into English have been made by scholars, written from the world of academia. While their books were published with care to preserve the accuracy of Rumi’s literary meaning, this publication available here strives to restore the subtle impacts of Rumi’s words that carry his real message. iv Rumi is not just telling stories that teach, or relating his philosophical and religious under- standing, as the previous translations have focused on, but his words have been crafted to transmit something of great substance. As the Sufis have often said, this matter cannot be stud- ied from the outside, it can only be discovered from within. No doubt such statements will raise disagreements, but we need only refer to Rumi’s own discourses to see his own opinions on this very subject. Over and over Rumi criticizes those who study at length the outward sense of things, but miss the inner Truth. It is likely that the Discourses of Rumi will only appeal to those who are willing to make some effort to study his words. But if the reader is willing to read carefully, he or she should be able to find a greater glimpse of Rumi’s relationship with life and his spiritually intoxicating intimacy with the Path of Love. Comments, suggestions and questions are wel- come. Contact us at: [email protected] v introduction Recognized as perhaps the greatest mystical poet of Islam, Jalal al-Din Rumi (1207-1273) communicated something through his writing that has attracted spiritual seekers from almost every religion in the world, for hundreds of years. Even in his day, Rumi was sought out by mer- chants and kings, devout worshippers and rebel- lious seekers, famous scholars and common peas- ants, men and women. At his funeral, Muslims, Christians, Jews, Arabs, Persians, Turks and Romans honored him. Listen to his call for seekers of truth: Come, come, whoever you are. Wanderer, worshipper, lover of leaving. It doesn’t matter. Ours is not a caravan of despair. Come, even if you have broken your vow a hundred times. Come, yet again, come, come. vi Rumi’s love and honor for all religious tradi- tions was not always popular in his day, and often provoked criticism from the more dogmatic. A story is told that one such public challenge came from a Muslim dignitary, Qonavi, who confront- ed Rumi before an audience. “You claim to be at one with 72 religious sects,” said Qonavi, “but the Jews cannot agree with the Christians, and the Christians cannot agree with Muslims. If they cannot agree with each other, how could you agree with them all?” To this Rumi answered, “Yes, you are right, I agree with you too.” Although kings were his followers, Rumi’s crit- ics could never understand why Rumi’s greatest love and dedication went to what they called, “the tailors, the cloth-sellers, and the petty shop- keepers - uncouth and uncultured ruffians.” Yet even amongst these, his dearest companions, Rumi allowed no vanity. The story is told that one day, while Rumi was in deep contemplation, sur- rounded by his disciples, a drunkard walked in shouting and stumbling. The man staggered toward Rumi, and then fell on him. To Rumi’s followers such a disgrace of their teacher was intol- vii erable, and they rose as one to rush the ignorant fool. Rumi stopped them with his raised hand, saying, “I thought this intruder was the one who was intoxicated, but now I see it is not he, but my own students who are drunk!” There are thousands who believe that Rumi’s presence (baraka) still exists today, and still teaches. If this is true, it is certainly largely due to the remarkable vitality that can be found in his writings and poetry, and a relevancy they contain that reaches to our inner core. Rumi’s poetry has captured the hearts of spiritual seekers around the world because of its depth and beauty. His verses sketch out the whole panorama of life, from human sorrow and devotion, to the universal breadth of God’s hidden plan. His poetry seems fathomless and endless. Rumi has also left to us another manuscript that is not so well known - the collection of discourses given at the gatherings with his students. It Is What It Is (Fihi ma Fihi) is a record of these spiritual discussions that often followed music and dance, the reciting of sacred poems and phrases, and the now famous Whirling Dervish viii exercise that Rumi originated to enliven and bring spiritual opening to the rather somber people of Konya, Turkey, in his day. This present book is edited and rewritten from A. J. Arberry’s original English translation, published in 1961 as Discourses of Rumi. Arberry himself admitted that his scholastic, literal, work “is not an easy book to read…and the original is by no means easy always to understand.” According to more recent studies of the original manuscript (Chittick and Shah, for example,) Arberry’s translation also has some technical errors, and better understandings of Rumi’s subtle spiritual teachings have come to light. I hope this edition will help illuminate and clarify such pas- sages, and to build on Professor Arberry’s contri- bution. If you were to compare the original manuscript of Rumi’s discourses with this present book, the first change you might notice would be the dropping of phrases like, “may Allah bless him and give him peace,” after every reference to a saint or prophet, which was the proper and respectful way of speaking in Rumi’s day, and ix still is today in some parts of the world. Also, Rumi makes numerable references to the Koran and quotes from it frequently. Since Rumi’s lis- teners knew the Koran well, such quotes were familiar and personal brush strokes. However, to many readers of this book this will not be so. Therefore, I have removed a few quotes that could prove confusing to those who do not know the Koran, or might disturb the direction of Rumi’s message. Rumi’s reference to God is always deeply personal. Whether he uses the masculine term “Allah,” or refers to God as “The Beloved,” it is nearness and closeness to God that Rumi is expressing. Unfortunately, the English language has no personal, neutral pronoun for God. To always use “He” in referring to God, to mankind, or to any general person, was common practice when Arberry released his edition, but seems too masculine today. In Rumi’s Persian language, “God” has no gender, and Rumi’s symbolic por- trayal of God uses images of the Lover, and the Ocean, as often as the King. Therefore, I have used “It” to refer to God in places, to help rise x