Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1775-1945): Texts and Commentaries: Volume 3/2, Representations of National Culture

403 Pages·2011·3.621 MB·English

by  Ahmet Ersoy, Vangelis Kechriotis, Maciej Górny

Discours 3-2 10/19/10 12:39 Page 1
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ABOUT THE EDITORS This is the second part of the third volume of the four-volume series, a daring project of CEU Press, pre- i D i s c o u r s e s o f The time has passed, when nationalism was
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senting the most important texts that triggered and shaped the processes of nation-building in the many Cc closely connected to Romanticism. The nationalism
Ahmet Ersoy is Assistant Professor at the countries of Central and Southeast Europe. Fifty-two texts illustrate the evolution of modernism in the eo of today values reality. It is a live expression of
CC oo ll ll ee cc tt ii vv ee II dd ee nn tt ii tt yy
Department of History, Bogˇaziçi Univer- region. Essays, articles, poems, or excerpts from longer works offer new opportunities of possible com- nu sociology as a science, a field for the imple-
parisonsof the respective national cultures. The volume focuses on the literary and scientific attempts at tr mentation of social hygiene, a laboratory to
sity, Istanbul squaring the circle of individual and collective identities. Often outspokenly critical of the romantic epis- rase i n C e n t r a l a n d discover psychological and social diseases.
Maciej Górny is Research Fellow at the teme, these texts reflect a more sophisticated and critical stance than in the preceding periods. At the same ls This scientific research used for discovering
Institute of History of the Polish time, rather than representing a complete rupture, they often continue and confirm the romantic identity (1 a o the sources of evil presents itself as the only
Academy of Sciences in Warsaw and narratives, albeit with “other means.” The volume also presents the ways national minorities sought to 7nf S o u t h e a s t E u r o p e positive value. The main obligation for the
Centre for Historical Research in Berlin legitimize their existence with reference to their cultural and institutional peculiarity. 7d CC Youth (that Youth, which, enlightened by the
0 light of reason, feels without any hesitation a
Vata nthgee lDis eKpeacrhtmrioentits iosf AHssiissttoarnyt, PBroogfˇeaszsioçri “loTnhge- apwriamiteadry a sltoeurrncaet icvoel lteoc tcioonnv Denistcioounrasle sn oafr rCaotlilvecetsiv oe fI tdhenet irteyg iino nC’sen htrisatlo arnyd. ISfo ruethaeda sitn Etuarnodpeempr wovitihd etsh ea -19Sou oollllee ( 1 7 7 0 - 1 9 4 5 ) dFeaethpe rrleasnpde, cta nfdo r altrheea dhyi sttoreriacdasl tfhaete poaft ho uorf
University, Istanbul background offered for each piece, the texts point to the multiple places, events, and ideas connecting 4t cc development and of the future) in the eyes of
individuals in the region to others within and beyond it and across time, throwing into outline the net- 5h tt Neo-Albanianism is the following: the pro-
works and communities that thrived across imperial, confessional and national boundaries. )e ii cesses of research and definition should be
a vv
Individually, the texts are an excellent tool for undergraduate teaching. Collectively they are much, s ee based on a scientific framework, but also on a
CONTENTS much more. I heartily recommend that the series be read from beginning to end by every current and t philosophical and clear body of national ideals.
would-be scholar engaged in the study of this region in order to more fully grasp the embeddedness of E IIdd Texts and Commentaries An intellectual is aware of the greatest and
Texts by Nikolaos Politis, Ilarion regional actors in a world of ideas spanning Europe and the Mediterranean, and occasionally stretch- u ee most terrible danger: if he wishes to start a
Ruvarac, Dimitar Marinov, Zsolt ing even farther, with traces evident in the most seemingly disparate events. Students and practiced r nn journey in the infinite and chaotic sphere of
scholars alike come away with new questions that will help move the field forward.” o tt his own fantasy, he will be in danger of falling
Beöthy, S¸emseddin Sami, Eugen p ii
Lovinescu, Boyan Penev, Afet I˙nan, Holly Case e ttyy into error and self-disappointment. This
sphere contains only fake worlds and dead
Vladimir Levstik, Dimitrie Gusti, Józef Associate Professor of History, Cornell University
values, which bring only sleepiness and
Szujski, Titu Maiorescu, Michal “genial utopias.” Science is illumination. This
Bobrzyn´ski, Garabet Ibra˘ileanu, Giorgos is the world of reality. We shall not define our
“The series on ‘Collective Identity’ is a unique contribution to the study of national identity, official NRM Volume Three/2 political life through romanticism and fantasy.
SJEokmvliaarnno us,e Sl kBeoRrhláidc´da,l n, GPBiaorvarlgnu˚ok, so J oTsMehfee roPxtoehkkaanarsˇi,,, hnauaistttihooornryas l ac cniatdet edtg hroear nifegiese l bdfru oot mfa r neAa udtiisovtnriidaaelnids mt ion Atsotlu btdhaineemisa neins, aegnnedan bfelrreoasml .i t T Gtohr eabtee k tt hrteou lPvyo otllruiasmnhs emnsa atakiroeens antlho. itYs bewrt ootkhrkee n af andc eot xwthtnrae tmi nthetoe- ationepresodern Tfouuhtrue re epy renoseb etloedwm thasr aodt fsi lllliiuffeem ,a iwnndaht iitcohhne . m mWeyaesn tsseh rtoioeu ssl edoe ft ultihrfnee
ly useful companion volume to any academic program dealing with the comparative study of nation- aei Modernism –
Henryk Sienkiewicz, Aleko Konstantinov, lns as it is, not as we want it to be. Life needs a
alism and national identity.” Ctm
Ion Luca Caragiale, Alexandros a solution. We cannot find this solution in a
Papadiamantis, Ömer Seyfeddin, S¸tefan Selim Deringil ulttio– Representations national fantasy, because it is hidden deeper in
Zeletin, Jaroslav Hasˇek, Robert Musil, Professor of History, Bog˘aziçi University urns the national spirit. This is our starting point: to
e of National shed light on the deep causes of the social
Gjergj Fishta, Witold Gombrowicz, ALREADY PUBLISHED: of anarchy we have inherited from the past, we
Miroslav Krlezˇa, Aleksander Kamin´ski, Vol. I. Late Enlightenment – Emergence of the Modern ‘National Idea’ should hold on to the torch of sociological
Culture
Ioannis Psicharis, Artur Górski, Endre Vol. II. National Romanticism – The Formation of National Movements science. And this is our reference point: to build
Vol. III/1 Modernism – The Creation of Nation-States the Albania of tomorrow, enlightened and civi-
Ady, Dimo Kyorchev, Antun Gustav FORTHCOMING:
lized, on the ruins of yesterday’s Albania—an
Matosˇ, Ladislav Novomesky´, Millosh Vol. IV. Anti-Modernism – Radical Revisions of Collective Identity
Albania that is not stuck in history, but civilized.
Gjergj Nikolla, Tevfik Fikret, George
Edited by Ahmet Ersoy, Maciej Górny
Seferis, Hovsep Vartanian, Celadet Alî Volume Branko Merxhani, 1930
and Vangelis Kechriotis
Bedirxan, Krste Petkov Misirkov, C E U P Three/2
entral uropean niversity ress
Metropolitan Andrzej Szeptycki, Károly
Kós, Romul Boila˘, Josef Pfitzner
Budapest – New York
Sales and information:
[email protected]
Website: http://www.ceupress.com
Cover design by Péter Tóth
ISBN 978-963-7326-64-6
DISCOURSES OF COLLECTIVE
IDENTITY IN CENTRAL
AND SOUTHEAST EUROPE
(1770–1945)

TEXTS AND COMMENTARIES

VOLUME III/2

MODERNISM
–
REPRESENTATIONS OF NATIONAL CULTURE
DISCOURSES OF COLLECTIVE
IDENTITY IN CENTRAL
AND SOUTHEAST EUROPE (1770–1945):
TEXTS AND COMMENTARIES

VOLUME III/2

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

AHMET ERSOY, MACIEJ GÓRNY, VANGELIS KECHRIOTIS,
MICHAL KOPEČEK, BOYAN MANCHEV,
BALÁZS TRENCSÉNYI, MARIUS TURDA
MODERNISM

REPRESENTATIONS OF NATIONAL
CULTURE

Edited by
Ahmet Ersoy, Maciej Górny and
Vangelis Kechriotis

CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY PRESS
Budapest  New York
©2010 by Ahmet Ersoy, Maciej Górny, Vangelis Kechriotis, Michal Kopeček, Boyan
Manchev, Balázs Trencsényi, Marius Turda

Published in 2010 by

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ISBN 978 963 7326 64 6 cloth
Series ISBN: 963 7326 51 0 ö

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Modernism : representations of national culture / edited by Ahmet Ersoy, Maciej Górny and
Vangelis Kechriotis.
p. cm. -- (Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770-1945) :
texts and commentaries ; v. III/2)
ISBN 978-9637326646 (hardbound)
1. Modernism (Aesthetics)--Europe, Eastern--History. 2. Eastern Europe--Intellectual life. 3.
National characteristics, European. I. Ersoy, Ahmet. II. Górny, Maciej, 1976- III. Kechriotis,
Vangelis. IV. Title. V. Series.

BH301.M54M625 2010
001.1094--dc22
2009051961

Printed in Hungary by
Akadémiai Nyomda, Martonvásár
Contributors

Nihad Dostović, Stevo Đurašković, Ildiko Erdei, Ahmet Ersoy, Maciej Górny, Rigels
Halili, Nikola Iordanovski, Hamza Karčić, Vangelis Kechriotis, Ohannes Kılıçdağı,
Michal Kopeček, Pavol Lukáč, Boyan Manchev, Mateja Ratej, Funda Soysal, Maria
Todorova, Balázs Trencsényi, Marius Turda

Consultants

Bojan Aleksov, Sorin Antohi, Franz Leander Fillafer, Guido Franzinetti, Maciej
Janowski, Pavel Kolář, Antonis Liakos, István Margócsy, Diana Mishkova, Béla
Rasky, Petra Rybářová

Translations by

Alena Alexandrova (from Bulgarian), Elena Alexieva (from Bulgarian), Randy
Blasing (from Turkish), Krištof Bodrič (from Serbian), Maurice Bowra (from
Hungarian), Anna Bryson (from Czech), Jeremiah Curtin (from Polish), Amila
Čelebić (from Bosnian), Robert Deveraux (from Turkish), Zornitsa Dimova-Hristova
(from Bulgarian), Nihad Dostović (from Bosnian), Vedran Dronjić (from Serbian),
Robert Elsie (from Albanian), Ahmet Ersoy (from Turkish), Leonard Fox (from
Albanian), Simon Garnett (from German), Edward Dennis Goy (from Croatian),
Şirin Güneşer (from Turkish), Rigels Halili (from Albanian), Kathleen Hayes (from
Czech), Nikola Iordanovski (from Macedonian), Hamza Karčić (from Bosnian),
Mary Kitroeff (from Greek), Ohannes Kılıçdağı (from Armenian), Mutlu Konuk
(from Turkish), Mária Kovács (from Romanian), G. J. Kovtun (from Czech), Linda
Krstajić (from Serbian), Jasna Levinger-Goy (from Croatian), Zuzanna Ładyga (from
Polish), Pavol Lukáč (from Slovak), Adam Makkai (from Hungarian), Janice
Mathie-Heck (from Albanian), W. L. McElwee (from German), Eric Mosbacher
(from Polish), Joe O’Donnell (from German), Dávid Oláh (from Hungarian), Cecil
Parrott (from Czech), Derek Paton (from Czech, Slovak, and German), Burton Pike
(from German), Iva Polak (from Croatian), Robert Russell (from German and
Czech), Henry Wickham Steed (from Croatian), A. J. P. Taylor (from German),
Marius Turda (from Romanian), Alicia Tyszkiewicz (from Polish), Olga Vuković
(from Slovene), Agnieszka Wierzcholska (from German), Sophie Wilkins (from
German), Peter Zollman (from Hungarian)

Copy-editor

Benjamin Trigona-Harany

Table of Contents

VOLUME III/2

Editorial note ix

Chapter I.
Cultural modernization: Institutionalization of “national sciences”

Nikolaos Politis: Study on the life of modern Greeks ........................................ 3
The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in word and picture ..................................... 9
Ilarion Ruvarac: On prince Lazar ...................................................................... 15
Dimitar Marinov: Living antiquity ..................................................................... 20
Zsolt Beöthy: The small mirror of Hungarian literature ................................... 26
Şemseddin Sami: Turkish lexicon ...................................................................... 33
Eugen Lovinescu: The history of modern Romanian civilization ...................... 40
Boyan Penev: History of new Bulgarian literature ........................................... 48
Afet İnan: Prolegomena to an outline of Turkish history ................................. 54
Vladimir Levstik: The mission of language ....................................................... 62
Dimitrie Gusti: The science of nation ................................................................ 68

Chapter II.
The “Critical turns”: Subverting the Romantic narratives

Józef Szujski: Some truths from our history ...................................................... 77
Titu Maiorescu: Against the contemporary direction in Romanian culture ...... 87
Michał Bobrzyński: The outline of Polish history ............................................. 94
Garabet Ibrăileanu: The critical spirit in Romanian culture .............................. 101
Giorgos Skliros: Our social question ................................................................ 108
Bohdan Pavlů: Progressivism and conservativism in Slovakia ......................... 115
Josef Pekař: The meaning of Czech history ....................................................... 124
Jovan Skerlić: The new youth magazines and our new generations .................. 132
Giorgos Theotokas: Free spirit .......................................................................... 139
Emanuel Rádl: The war between Czechs and Germans .................................... 146
Branko Merxhani: The organization of the chaos ............................................. 154

Chapter III.
Literary representations of the “national character”

Henryk Sienkiewicz: With fire and sword; Teutonic knights ............................ 163
Aleko Konstantinov: Bay Ganyo ....................................................................... 172
Ion Luca Caragiale: Rromanian man and Rromanian woman ......................... 178
Alexandros Papadiamantis: Easter chanter ....................................................... 184
Ömer Seyfeddin: Primo, the Turkish child ........................................................ 190
Ştefan Zeletin: The national character of donkeys ............................................ 198
Jaroslav Hašek: The good soldier Švejk ............................................................. 206
Robert Musil: The man without qualities .......................................................... 215
Gjergj Fishta: The highland lute ........................................................................ 224
Miroslav Krleža: The Banquet in Blitva ............................................................ 230
Aleksander Kamiński: Stones for the rampart .................................................. 241

Chapter IV.
Aesthetic modernism and collective identities

Ioannis Psicharis: My journey ............................................................................ 251
The Czech modern ............................................................................................. 260
Artur Górski: Young Poland .............................................................................. 266
Endre Ady: I am the son of king Gog of Magog; Song of the Hungarian
Jacobin .......................................................................................................... 274
Dimo Kyorchev: Our sorrows ........................................................................... 280
Antun Gustav Matoš: Art and nationalism ........................................................ 286
Ladislav Novomeský: The current state and the development of Slovak
culture ........................................................................................................... 295
Millosh Gjergj Nikolla: We, the sons of the new age; The highlander recital ... 304
Tevfik Fikret: Haluk’s credo ............................................................................. 309
Witold Gombrowicz: Ferdydurke ...................................................................... 313
George Seferis: Α Greek–Makriyannis .............................................................. 322

Chapter V.
Regionalism, autonomism and the minority identity-building narratives

Hovsep Vartanian: The constiutitonal truths ..................................................... 333
Celadet Alî Bedirxan: The Kurdish question, its origins and causes ................ 343
Krste Petkov Misirkov: On Macedonian matters .............................................. 351
Metropolitan Andrzej Szeptycki: Address delivered at House of Lords in
Vienna ........................................................................................................... 357
Károly Kós: Transylvania ................................................................................. 365
Romul Boilă: Study on the reorganization of the unified Romanian state ......... 372
Josef Pfitzner: Sudeten German history ............................................................. 379
Resolution of the Muslims of Banjaluka ............................................................ 387
Editorial note

The collective work on the third “meta-theme” of the series Discourses of
Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): Texts and
Commentaries proved to be, as is usually the case with issues of identity, a
complex and open-ended endeavor. In the course of collating and editing the
texts of the intended volume, the multiplicity and heterogeneity in the
regional formulations of Modernism manifested itself in such a way that the
magnitude of the final product exceeded the initial estimates of the editorial
board. This practical constraint made it necessary to sub-divide the volume
into two parts, without compromising its thematic structure. Consequently,
the logic of the internal division is neither regional nor chronological. It
proposes a critical investigation of two parallel and highly interconnected
themes: state-centered formulations of national ideologies, on the one hand,
and the philosophical and literary attempts to define national essences,
national cultures and regional identities on the other. As such, the present
sub-volume, concentrating on the latter theme, offers a broader insight on the
diverging paths of modernity when considered alongside its other half. In the
end, both parts attempt to illustrate the unprecedented and transformative role
of Modernism in Central and Southeast Europe by investigating the different
manifestations and regional redefinitions of the very concept of modernity.