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Discourse on the Move: Using corpus analysis to describe discourse structure (Studies in Corpus Linguistics) PDF

304 Pages·2007·11.97 MB·English
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Discourse on the Move Studies in Corpus Linguistics (SCL) SCL focuses on the use of corpora throughout language study, the development of a quantitative approach to linguistics, the design and use of new tools for processing language texts, and the theoretical implications of a data-rich discipline. General Editor Consulting Editor Elena Tognini-Bonelli Wolfgang Teubert Te Tuscan Word Center/ University of Birmingham Te University of Siena Advisory Board Michael Barlow Graeme Kennedy University of Auckland Victoria University of Wellington Douglas Biber Geofrey N. Leech Northern Arizona University University of Lancaster Marina Bondi Anna Mauranen University of Modena and Reggio Emilia University of Helsinki Christopher S. Butler Ute Römer University of Wales, Swansea University of Hannover Sylviane Granger Michaela Mahlberg University of Louvain University of Liverpool M.A.K. Halliday Jan Svartvik University of Sydney University of Lund Susan Hunston John M. Swales University of Birmingham University of Michigan Stig Johansson Yang Huizhong Oslo University Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Volume 28 Discourse on the Move. Using corpus analysis to describe discourse structure Douglas Biber, Ulla Connor and Tomas A. Upton Discourse on the Move Using corpus analysis to describe discourse structure Douglas Biber Northern Arizona University Ulla Connor Tomas A. Upton Indiana University – Indianapolis John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM Te paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Biber, Douglas. Discourse on the move : using corpus analysis to describe discourse structure / Douglas Biber, Ulla Connor, Tomas A. Upton. p. cm. (Studies in Corpus Linguistics, issn 1388-0373 ; v. 28) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Discourse analysis--Data processing. I. Connor, Ulla, 1948- II. Upton, Tomas A. (Tomas Albin) III. Title. P302.3.B53 2007 401'.41--dc22 2007029145 isbn 978 90 272 2302 9 (Hb; alk. paper) © 2007 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microflm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · Te Netherlands John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa 8 Table of contents Preface xi chapter 1 Discourse analysis and corpus linguistics 1 1 Discourse and discourse analysis 1 1.1 Discourse studies of language use 3 1.2 Discourse studies of linguistic structure ‘beyond the sentence’ 4 1.3 Discourse studies of social practices and ideological assumptions associ- ated with communication 6 1.4 “Register” and “genre” perspectives on discourse 7 1.5 Identifying structural units in discourse 9 2 Corpus-based investigation of discourse structure 10 3 Top-down versus bottom-up corpus-based approaches to discourse analysis 12 3.1 Examples of top-down analyses of discourse 14 3.2 Example of bottom-up approach 16 4 Creating a specialized corpus for discourse analysis 17 5 Overview of the book 19 Part 1. Top-down analyses of discourse organization chapter 2 Introduction to move analysis 23 WITH Budsaba Kanoksilapatham 1 Background 23 2 Swales’ move analysis of research articles 25 3 Move analysis of research articles applied across genres 29 3.1 Description and examples 29 3.2 Summary of previous research on move analysis 32 4 Overview of the methods for move analysis 32 4.1 General steps of a move analysis 32  Discourse on the Move 4.2 Inter-rater reliability 35 5 Using a corpus-based approach to move analysis 36 5.1 Corpus-based move analysis 36 5.2 General advantages of corpus-based approaches to discourse analysis 37 5.3 Specifc advantages of a corpus-based perspective for move analysis 38 5.3.1 Identifying linguistic features of moves 38 5.3.2 Move frequencies and lengths 39 5.3.3 Mapping move use and locations 39 5.3.4 Genre prototypes 40 6 Summary 40 chapter 3 Identifying and analyzing rhetorical moves in philanthropic discourse 43 1 Background 43 2 A specialized corpus of fundraising texts 44 3 Determining and analyzing discourse moves: Direct mail letters 46 3.1 Previous analysis of direct mail letters 46 3.2 A move analysis of fundraising letters: Background and methodology 46 3.2.1 Move types 46 3.2.2 Structural elements 52 3.3 Analysis 54 3.4 Results 55 3.5 Discussion 57 3.6 Letter prototypes 58 4 Linguistic analysis of moves: Tracking the use of stance structures 61 4.1 Identifying grammatical stance devices 62 4.2 Interpreting the use of grammatical stance devices used in moves 63 5 Final thoughts 68 chapter 4 Rhetorical moves in biochemistry research articles 73 BY Budsaba Kanoksilapatham 1 Background 73 2 Description of the corpus 75 3 Determining the move categories in the genre of biochemistry research articles 76 3.1 Te introduction section 77 3.2 Te methods section 78 3.3 Te results section 79 Table of contents  3.4 Te discussion section 81 4 Coding moves in the corpus of biochemistry research articles 83 5 Distribution of move types within texts from the biochemistry corpus 84 6 Linguistic characteristics of rhetorical moves in biochemistry research articles 87 7 Linguistic variation among move categories in biochemistry research articles 90 8 Multi-dimensional variation among move types within the same section 103 chapter 5 Rhetorical appeals in fundraising 121 WITH Molly Anthony & Kostyantyn Gladkov 1 Elements of persuasion 121 2 Determining and analyzing rhetorical appeals 124 2.1 Rational appeals (Logos) 125 2.2 Credibility appeals (Ethos) 129 2.3 Afective appeals (Pathos) 131 3 Analysis, segmentation, and classifcation 132 3.1 Results and discussion 133 4 Linguistic description of appeals 136 4.1 Wordlists 137 4.2 Keywords 138 5 Appeals and discourse structure of letters 141 6 Conclusion 143 Part 2. Bottom-up analyses of discourse organization chapter 6 Introduction to the identifcation and analysis of vocabulary-based discourse units 155 WITH Eniko Csomay, James K. Jones, & Casey Keck 1 Conceptual introduction to VBDUs 156 2 Automatic identifcation of VBDUs in texts 161 3 Perceptual correlates of VBDUs 163 4 Using VBDUs to analyze the discourse structure of texts 169 5 Going one step further: Identifying generalizable VBDU ‘types’ 170  Discourse on the Move chapter 7 Vocabulary-based discourse units in biology research articles 175 WITH James K. Jones 1 Constructing the corpus of VBDUs 176 2 Analyzing the linguistic characteristics of VBDUs: Multi-dimensional analysis 178 3 Comparing the multi-dimensional characteristics of research article sections 184 4 Te multi-dimensional profle of VBDUs within a research article: Tracking the movement of discourse 186 5 Identifying and interpreting the multi-dimensional text types of biology research articles 190 6 Using VBDU text types to describe the discourse organizational patterns of biology research articles 194 7 Starting and ending research article sections 196 7.1 Describing the typical discourse organizations of introductions 197 7.2 Describing the typical discourse organizations of methods sections 199 7.3 Describing the typical discourse organizations of discussion sections 201 8 Preferred text type sequences across research article section boundaries 203 9 Comparing the preferred discourse styles of research journals 205 10 Conclusion 208 chapter 8 Vocabulary-based discourse units in university class sessions 213 BY Eniko Csomay 1 From constructing a corpus of VBDUs to identifying VBDU text-types 214 1.1 Constructing a corpus of VBDUs 214 1.2 Analyzing the linguistic characteristics of VBDUs applying MD analytical techniques 215 1.3 VBDUs and dimension scores: the multi-dimensional profle of the frst three VBDUs of a business management class 217 2 Dimension scores and VBDU text-types 222 2.1 Interpreting the clusters as VBDU types based on their linguistic characteristics 224 2.1.1 Cluster 1: Personalized framing 225 2.1.2 Cluster 2: Informational monologue 227 2.1.3 Cluster 3: Contextual interactive 228 Table of contents  2.1.4 Cluster 4: Unmarked 229 3 From VBDU text-types to discourse structure 230 3.1 Functional interpretation of VBDU types 230 3.2 Text as sequences of VBDU types 232 4 Summary and conclusion 237 chapter 9 Conclusion: Comparing the analytical approaches 239 1 Overview 239 2 Comparing the top-down and bottom-up descriptions of biology research articles. 242 2.1 Discourse units in biology research articles 243 2.2 Te dimensions of linguistic variation in biology research articles 244 2.3 Te functional and linguistic characteristics of the discourse types (move types vs VBDU types) in biology research articles 249 2.4 Description of the typical discourse organization of biology research articles 253 3 Summary and prospects for future research 258 Appendix 1 261 A brief introduction to multi-dimensional analysis 261 A.1 Conceptual introduction to the multi-dimensional approach to variation 261 A.2 Overview of methodology in the multi-dimensional approach 262 Appendix 2 267 Grammatical and lexico-grammatical features included in the multi-dimensional analyses 267 References 273 Index

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