Disasters and Mental Health PDF
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Disasters and Mental Health Disasters and Mental Health Edited by Juan Jose´ Lo´pez-Ibor Complutense University of Madrid, Spain George Christodoulou University of Athens, Greece Mario Maj University of Naples, Italy Norman Sartorius University of Geneva, Switzerland and Ahmed Okasha Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Copyrightu2005 JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, WestSussexPO198SQ,England Telephone(+44)1243779777 E-mail(forordersandcustomerserviceenquiries):[email protected] VisitourHomePageonwww.wileyeurope.comorwww.wiley.com AllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrieval systemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying, recording,scanningorotherwise,exceptunderthetermsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatents Act1988orunderthetermsofalicenceissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyLtd, 90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP,UK,withoutthepermissioninwritingofthe Publisher.RequeststothePublishershouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment, JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussexPO198SQ, England,[email protected],orfaxedto(+44)1243770620. 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OtherWileyEditorialOffices JohnWiley&SonsInc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA Jossey-Bass,989MarketStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94103-1741,USA Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Boschstr.12,D-69469Weinheim,Germany JohnWiley&SonsAustraliaLtd,33ParkRoad,Milton,Queensland4064,Australia JohnWiley&Sons(Asia)PteLtd,2ClementiLoop#02-01,JinXingDistripark,Singapore 129809 JohnWiley&SonsCanadaLtd,22WorcesterRoad,Etobicoke,Ontario,CanadaM9W1L1 Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsin printmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Disastersandmentalhealth/editedbyJuanJose´ Lo´pez-Ibor...[etal.]. p.;cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-470-02123-3(alk.paper) 1.Disasters–Psychologicalaspects.2.Disasters–Psychologicalaspects–Casestudies. 3.Disastervictims–Mentalhealth.4.Post-traumaticstressdisorder.I.Lo´pez-IborAlin˜o, J.J.(JuanJose´).1941- [DNLM:1.Disasters.2.StressDisorders,Traumatic–pscychology.WM172D6112005] RC451.4.D57D552005 616.85’210651–dc22 2004055304 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN0-470-02123-3 Typesetin10/12ptPalatinobyDobbieTypesettingLtd,Tavistock,Devon PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyTJInternationalLtd,Padstow,Cornwall Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestry inwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________ Contents List of Contributors vii Preface xi Chapter 1 What is a Disaster? 1 Juan Jose´Lo´pez-Ibor Chapter 2 Psychological and Psychopathological Consequences of Disasters 13 Carol S. Fullerton and Robert J. Ursano Chapter 3 Psychiatric Morbidity Following Disasters: Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors 37 Alexander C. McFarlane Chapter 4 Re-evaluating the Link between Disasters and Psychopathology 65 Rachel Yehuda and Linda M. Bierer Chapter 5 Psychological Interventions for People Exposed to Disasters 81 Mordechai (Moty) Benyakar and Carlos R. Collazo Chapter 6 Organization of Mental Health Services for Disaster Victims 99 Louis Crocq, Marc-Antoine Crocq, Alain Chiapello and Carole Damiani Mental Health Consequences of Disasters: Experiences in Various Regions of the World Chapter 7 The Experience of the Kobe Earthquake 127 Naotaka Shinfuku Chapter 8 The Experience of the Marmara Earthquake 137 Peykan G. Go¨kalp vi ___________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS Chapter 9 The Experience of the Athens Earthquake 145 George N. Christodoulou, Thomas J. Paparrigopoulos and Constantin R. Soldatos Chapter 10 The Experience of the Nairobi US Embassy Bombing 153 Frank Njenga and Caroline Nyamai Chapter 11 The New York Experience: Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 167 Lynn E. DeLisi Chapter 12 The Experience of the Chornobyl Nuclear Disaster 179 Johan M. Havenaar and Evelyn J. Bromet Chapter 13 The Experience of the Bhopal Disaster 193 R. Srinivasa Murthy Chapter 14 The Latin American and Caribbean Experience 201 Jose´Miguel Caldas de Almeida and Jorge Rodrı´guez Chapter 15 The Israeli Experience 217 Arieh Y. Shalev Chapter 16 The Palestinian Experience 229 Eyad El Sarraj and Samir Qouta Chapter 17 The Experience of Bosnia-Herzegovina: Psychosocial Consequences of War Atrocities on Children 239 Syed Arshad Husain Chapter 18 The Serbian Experience 247 Dusica Lecic-Tosevski and Saveta Draganic-Gajic Chapter 19 The Croatian Experience 257 Vera Folnegovic´S˘malc Appendix – Statement by the World Psychiatric Association on Mental Health Implications of Disasters 263 Index 265 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________ List of Contributors Mordechai Benyakar University of Buenos Aires, Avenida Libertador 4944 9B, Capital Federal, Buenos Aires 1426, Argentina Linda M. Bierer Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mental Health Patient Care Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, New York, NY 10468-3904, USA Evelyn J. Bromet Department of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Putnam Hall, South Campus, Stony Brook, NY 11793-8790, USA Jose´ Miguel Caldas de Almeida Mental Health Unit, Pan American Health Organization, 525 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA Alain Chiapello Croix-Rouge Ecoute, Croix-Rouge Franc¸aise, 1 Place Henry Dunante, 75008 Paris, France George N. Christodoulou Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 72-74 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece Carlos R. Collazo University of El Salvador, Avenida Pueyredon 1625, Buenos Aires 1118, Argentina Louis Crocq Cellule d’Urgence Me´dico-Psychologique, SAMU de Paris, Hoˆpital Necker, 149 rue de Se`vres, 75015 Paris, France Marc-Antoine Crocq Centre Hospitalier de Rouffach, 27 rue du 4e`me RSM – BP 29, 68250 Rouffach, France Carole Damiani Association ‘‘Paris Aide aux Victimes’’, 4–14 rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris, France LynnE.DeLisi DepartmentofPsychiatry,NewYorkUniversity,650First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA Saveta Draganic-Gajic Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Palmoticeva 37, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro Eyad El Sarraj Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, PO Box 1049, Gaza Strip, Palestine viii _____________________________________________________________________ LISTOF CONTRIBUTORS Carol S. Fullerton Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA Peykan G. Go¨kalp Anxiety Disorders (Neurosis) Department, Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey Johan M. Havenaar Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Lange Nieuwstraat 119, 3512 PZ Utrecht, The Netherlands Syed Arshad Husain Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and AdolescentPsychiatry,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO65212,USA Dusica Lecic-Tosevski Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Palmoticeva 37, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro JuanJose´ Lopez-Ibor DepartmentofPsychiatryandMedicalPsychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain Alexander C. McFarlane Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia R. Srinivasa Murthy National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India Frank Njenga Upperhill Medical Center, PO Box 73749, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya CarolineNyamai UpperhillMedicalCenter,POBox73749,00200Nairobi, Kenya ThomasJ.Paparrigopoulos DepartmentofPsychiatry,AthensUniversity Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 72–74 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece Samir Qouta Gaza Community MentalHealthProgramme,PO Box 1049, Gaza Strip, Palestine JorgeRodrı´guez MentalHealthUnit,PanAmericanHealthOrganization, 525 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA Arieh Y. Shalev Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS _______________________________________________________________________ ix Naotaka Shinfuku International Center for Medical Research, University School of Medicine, Kusunoki-Cho, 7-Chome, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan Vera Folnegovic´ Sˇmalc Vrapcˇe Psychiatric Hospital, Bolnicˇka Cesta 32, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia Constantin R. Soldatos Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 72–74 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece Robert J. Ursano Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA Rachel Yehuda Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mental Health Patient Care Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, New York, NY 10468-3904, USA
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