Dirty Entanglements: Corruption, Crime, and Terrorism PDF
Preview Dirty Entanglements: Corruption, Crime, and Terrorism
DirtyEntanglements Corruption,Crime,andTerrorism Crime, corruption, and terrorism are increasingly entangled, emerg- ingasevergreaterthreats.Thisconvergencedeserveshigh-level-policy attention. Using lively case studies from around the world, this book analyzes the transformation of crime and terrorism and the business logic behind illicit networks. Louise I. Shelley concludes that cor- ruption, crime, and terrorism will remain critical security challenges in the twenty-first century as a result of globalization, technological advances,economicanddemographicinequalities,ethnicandsectarian violence,climatechange,andthefailureofnineteenth-andtwentieth- centuryinstitutionstorespondcoherentlytothesechallengeswhenthey emerged. LouiseI.ShelleyisaUniversityProfessorattheSchoolofPublicPolicy, George Mason University. She founded and directs the Terrorism, Transnational Crime, and Corruption Center (TraCCC). She is the recipient of Guggenheim, National Endowment of the Humanities, IREX, Kennan Institute, and Fulbright fellowships and has received MacArthur grants to establish the Russian Organized Crime Study Center and to study the role of illicit actors in nuclear smuggling. AmongherpreviousbooksareHumanTrafficking:AGlobalPerspec- tive (Cambridge University Press, 2010) and Policing Soviet Society (1996).Shehaswrittenextensivelyontransnationalcrime,illicittrade, and money laundering. She has testified before the House Commit- tee on International Relations, the Helsinki Commission, the House Banking Committee, and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on transnational crime; human trafficking; and the links among transna- tional crime, financial crime, and terrorism. She serves on the Global Agenda Council on Illicit Trade and Organized Crime for the World Economic Forum and was the first co-chair of its Council on Orga- nized Crime. Professor Shelley presently co-chairs a group on human traffickingwithintheGlobalAgendaCouncilsoftheWorldEconomic Forum.SheisalifememberoftheCouncilonForeignRelations. Dirty Entanglements Corruption, Crime, and Terrorism LOUISE I. SHELLEY GeorgeMasonUniversity 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107689305 ©LouiseI.Shelley2014 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2014 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Shelley,LouiseI. Dirtyentanglements:corruption,crime,andterrorism/LouiseI.Shelley. pagescm isbn978-1-107-01564-7(hardback)–isbn978-1-107-68930-5(paperback) 1.Terrorism–History–21stcentury. 2.Politicalcorruption–21stcentury. 3.Crime–History–21stcentury. 4.Internationalrelations–21stcentury. I.Title. hv6431.s46864 2014 363.325–dc23 2014002080 isbn978-1-107-01564-7Hardback isbn978-1-107-68930-5Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofurlsfor externalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublicationanddoesnotguarantee thatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. To Madeleine and Janine and to all those who helped me get through my long illness Contents Figure,Maps,andTables pageix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 parti thelogicofcorruption,crime,andterrorism 1 CrimeandCorruptionbehindtheMassAttacks 29 2 Corruption:AnIncubatorofOrganizedCrime andTerrorism 64 3 TheEvolutionofOrganizedCrimeandTerrorism 97 4 Environments,GlobalNetworks,andPipelines 132 partii thediversebusinessesofterrorism 5 TheBusinessofTerrorismandCriminalFinancingof Terrorism 173 6 TheDrugTrade:TheProfitCenterofCriminalsand Terrorists 218 7 TheLessPolicedIllicitTrade:Antiquities,Counterfeits, andDivertedProducts 259 8 UltimateFears:WeaponsofMassDestructionand Crime-TerrorConnections 289 Conclusion 320 Index 353 vii Figure, Maps, and Tables Figure 2.1 Illegaleconomynexus. page74 Maps 4.1a InternationalsupportnetworkfortheBeslan attacks. 148 4.1b Triborderarea:Whatwouldyoudecapitatetohave anyeffectonthisnetwork? 150 6.1a Slaves’revenge:EuropeanslavetradeandLatin Americancocainetraffickingroutes. 223 6.1b NorthernandBalkanheroinroutesoutof Afghanistan. 224 6.1c Convergingroutes:SilkRoadanddrugtrafficking routes. 226 Tables 3.1a TransnationalCrimeandtheState 106 3.1b TerroristsandtheState 107 ix
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