Dirty Cities: Towards a Political Economy of the Underground in Global Cities PDF
Preview Dirty Cities: Towards a Political Economy of the Underground in Global Cities
InternationalPoliticalEconomySeries SeriesEditor:TimothyM.Shaw,VisitingProfessor,UniversityofMassachusettsBoston,USA andEmeritusProfessor,UniversityofLondon,UK Theglobalpoliticaleconomyisinfluxasaseriesofcumulativecrisesimpactsitsorganization andgovernance.TheIPEserieshastrackeditsdevelopmentinbothanalysisandstructureover thelastthreedecades.IthasalwayshadaconcentrationontheglobalSouth.NowtheSouth increasinglychallengestheNorthasthecentreofdevelopment,alsoreflectedinagrowing numberofsubmissionsandpublicationsonindebtedEurozoneeconomiesinSouthernEurope. Anindispensableresourceforscholarsandresearchers,theseriesexaminesavarietyofcapi- talismsandconnectionsbyfocusingonemergingeconomies,companiesandsectors,debates and policies. It informs diverse policy communities as the established trans-Atlantic North declinesand‘therest’,especiallytheBRICS,rise. Titlesinclude: TanTaiYongandMdMizanurRahman(editors) DIASPORAENGAGEMENTANDDEVELOPMENTINSOUTHASIA LeilaSimonaTalani,AlexanderClarksonandRamonPachecoPardo(editors) DIRTYCITIES TowardsaPoliticalEconomyoftheUndergroundinGlobalCities MatthewLouisBishop THEPOLITICALECONOMYOFCARIBBEANDEVELOPMENT XiaomingHuang(editor) MODERNECONOMICDEVELOPMENTINJAPANANDCHINA Developmentalism,CapitalismandtheWorldEconomicSystem BonnieK.Campbell(editor) MODESOFGOVERNANCEANDREVENUEFLOWSOFAFRICANMINING GopinathPillai(editor) THEPOLITICALECONOMYOFSOUTHASIANDIASPORA PatternsofSocio-EconomicInfluence RachelK.Brickner(editor) MIGRATION,GLOBALIZATIONANDTHESTATE JuanitaEliasandSamanthiGunawardana(editors) THEGLOBALPOLITICALECONOMYOFTHEHOUSEHOLDINASIA TonyHeron PATHWAYSFROMPREFERENTIALTRADE ThePoliticsofTradeAdjustmentinAfrica,theCaribbeanandPacific DavidJ.Hornsby RISKREGULATION,SCIENCEANDINTERESTSINTRANSATLANTICTRADECONFLICTS YangJiang CHINA’SPOLICYMAKINGFORREGIONALECONOMICCOOPERATION MartinGeigerandAntoinePécoud(editors) DISCIPLININGTHETRANSNATIONALMOBILITYOFPEOPLE MichaelBreen THEPOLITICSOFIMFLENDING LauraCarstenMahrenbach THETRADEPOLICYOFEMERGINGPOWERS StrategicChoicesofBrazilandIndia VassilisK.FouskasandConstantineDimoulas GREECE,FINANCIALIZATIONANDTHEEU ThePoliticalEconomyofDebtandDestruction HanyBesadaandShannonKindornay(editors) MULTILATERALDEVELOPMENTCOOPERATIONINACHANGINGGLOBALORDER CarolineKuzemko THEENERGY-SECURITYCLIMATENEXUS HansLöfgrenandOwainDavidWilliams(editors) THENEWPOLITICALECONOMYOFPHARMACEUTICALS Production,InnovationandTRIPSintheGlobalSouth TimothyCadman(editor) CLIMATECHANGEANDGLOBALPOLICYREGIMES TowardsInstitutionalLegitimacy MarkHudson,IanHudsonandMaraFridell FAIRTRADE,SUSTAINABILITY,ANDSOCIALCHANGE AndrésRivarolaPuntiglianoandJoséBriceño-Ruiz(editors) RESILIENCEOFREGIONALISMINLATINAMERICAANDTHECARIBBEAN DevelopmentandAutonomy GodfreyBaldacchino(editor) THEPOLITICALECONOMYOFDIVIDEDISLANDS UnifiedGeographies,MultiplePolities MarkFindlay CONTEMPORARYCHALLENGESINREGULATINGGLOBALCRISES HelenHawthorne LEASTDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESANDTHEWTO SpecialTreatmentinTrade NirKshetri CYBERCRIMEANDCYBERSECURITYINTHEGLOBALSOUTH KristianStokkeandOlleTörnquist(editors) DEMOCRATIZATIONINTHEGLOBALSOUTH TheImportanceofTransformativePolitics JeffreyD.Wilson GOVERNINGGLOBALPRODUCTION ResourceNetworksintheAsia-PacificSteelIndustry InternationalPoliticalEconomySeries SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–333–71708–0hardcover SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–333–71110–1paperback (outsideNorthAmericaonly) Youcanreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublishedbyplacingastandingorder. Pleasecontactyourbookselleror,incaseofdifficulty,writetousattheaddressbelowwithyour nameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesandoneoftheISBNsquotedabove. CustomerServicesDepartment,MacmillanDistributionLtd,Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hamp- shireRG216XS,England Dirty Cities Towards a Political Economy of the Underground in Global Cities Editedby Leila Simona Talani JeanMonnetChairinEuropeanPoliticalEconomy,King’sCollegeLondon,UK Alexander Clarkson Lecturer,King’sCollegeLondon,UK and Ramon Pacheco Pardo Lecturer,King’sCollegeLondon,UK Editorialmatter,selection,introductionandconclusion©LeilaSimona Talani,AlexanderClarksonandRamonPachecoPardo2013 Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-34314-7 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2013by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN978-1-349-46551-4 ISBN 978-1-137-34315-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137343154 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. Contents ListofFiguresandTables ix NotesonContributors xi ListofAcronyms xii Introduction:GlobalizationandItsImpactonthe ShadowEconomiesinGlobalCities 1 LeilaSimonaTalani Theoreticalbackground 2 Thecontributions 5 References 10 Part I CapitalSins 1 London:TheLaundryofChoice?MoneyLaundering intheCityofLondon 15 LeilaSimonaTalani Introduction:Globalization,moneylaundering andtheCityofLondon 15 Whatismoneylaundering? 17 TheCityofLondonasalaundryofchoice 20 Towardsaglobalregulatoryregimeformoney laundering? 26 ThehostilityoftheCityofLondontowardsAMLR 31 Conclusion 38 References 39 2 CrimeandNoPunishment:Money,Violenceandthe NeoliberalTransformationofMoscow 42 GonzaloPozo Moscowasaneoliberalproject 42 Inequalityandsocialerosion 46 Corruptionandorganizedcrime 51 v vi Contents Conclusion:ChangingspacesofneoliberalMoscow 58 References 60 3 FindingTheirVoice?RomanianImmigrantPolitics UndergroundinRome 64 SimonMcMahon ImmigrationandinformalityinSouthernEurope 65 ThesocialcontextofRomanianimmigrationinRome 68 Thesocialorganizationandpoliticalparticipation ofRomaniansinRome 72 Conclusions 80 References 82 Part II Underground/Overground 4 DandongandSinuiju:TheSino-NorthKoreanBorder ShadowEconomy 89 RamonPachecoPardo Introduction 89 Sino-Koreanrelations:Historicalbackground 91 Sino-NorthKoreanrelations 92 Sino-NorthKoreaneconomicrelations: Macroeconomicindicators 94 Trade 95 Foreigndirectinvestment 97 Aid 99 BetweenDandongandSinuiju:Bordereconomic transactions 99 TheDandong-Sinuijuaxis 100 Cross-bordertradeingoodsandservices 101 NorthKoreanlabourinDandong 103 Cross-bordertrafficking 105 Conclusion 106 References 107 5 CirclingtheWagons:ImmigrationandtheBattlefor SpaceinWestBerlin,1970–1990 110 AlexanderClarkson References 132 Contents vii 6 AProblemYouJustCouldNotLiveWithout: Globalization,NeoliberalIslamismandInformal SectorinCairo’sDualEconomy 135 RobertoRoccu Introduction 135 Constructingandmaintaininga‘dualeconomy’ inEgypt 137 Hiddenfromviewyetnecessary:Thepoliticaleconomy ofinformalhousinginCairo 140 Makealivingoutofadeadend:Thepoliticaleconomy ofCairo’sinformallabourmarket 147 Backtostructureandagency:Globalizationandtherise ofneoliberalIslamism 152 Conclusion 156 References 158 7 FromWallStreetTraderstoBreeStreetTraders:The GlobalEconomicCrisisandStreetTradersin Johannesburg 161 JenniferCohen Introduction 161 TheinformaleconomyinSouthAfrica,SouthAfrica intheglobaleconomy 164 SouthAfricaintheglobaleconomy 165 Trendsandfieldresearch 169 Informaltraders’motivationsand self-employment 174 Genderedperceptionsofdemandconstraints onsustainingself-employment 176 Conclusions 184 References 187 Conclusion:AssessingtheDarkSideof Globalization 192 AlexanderClarksonandRamonPachecoPardo Rationalebehindthebook 192 Assessingthedarksideofglobalization 193 Inevitabilityoftheshadoweconomy 194 viii Contents Coexistenceandintertwiningoftheformal andtheinformal 195 Absenceofmoraldilemmas 197 Agendaforfutureresearch 198 References 200 Index 201 Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 AMLR-relatedcostsforUK-basedlawand accountingfirms 36 6.1 FormalandinformalareasinCairo(DokkiandBulaq al-Dukrur) 143 6.2 Cairooldandnew(Babal-WazirandFustatPlateau) 144 7.1 SouthAfricanLaborForce,Q12008toQ32012 170 7.2 Informalemploymentandinformalemploymentin elementaryoccupationsinwholesaleandretail trade,national 171 7.3 Informalemploymentandinformalemploymentin elementaryoccupationsinwholesaleandretailtrade, GautengProvince 171 7.4 Informalemploymentandinformalemploymentin elementaryoccupationsinwholesaleandretailtrade, nationalandprovincial,percentagewomen 172 7.5 Quarterlyretailtradesalesgrowth,2004–2012 178 7.6 Percentageoftradersidentifyinglowprofitsasa majororminorproblematstart-upandfor sustainingtheirself-employment 179 7.7 Medianmonthlyincomebysexinrandand dollarvalue 180 7.8 Percentageoftradersreportingthatthenumberof tradershasincreased 181 7.9 Percentageoftradersidentifyingcompetitionwith othertradersasamajororminorproblematstart-up andforsustainingself-employment 182 7.10 Percentageoftradersidentifyingvariabilityasamajor orminorproblematstart-upandforsustaining self-employment 183 7.11 Percentageoftradersidentifyingcustomerslooking butnotbuyingasamajorproblematstart-upandfor sustainingself-employment 184 ix
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