DIRECTING FILM TECHNIQUES AND AESTHETICS Third Edition DIRECTING FILM TECHNIQUES AND AESTHETICS Third Edition Michael Rabiger An Imprint of Elsevier Science AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier. Copyright © 2003 Michael Rabiger. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. All trademarks found herein are property of their respective owners. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. ISBN: 0-240-80517-8 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book. For information, please contact: Manager of Special Sales Elsevier 200 Wheeler Road Burlington, MA 01803 Tel: 781-313-4786 Fax: 781-313-4880 For information on all Focal Press publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.focalpress.com 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America In fond memory of my teacher and mentor Peter Snape (1925–1997). His recognition nearly half a century ago made this book possible. CONTENTS Introduction xi PART 1: ARTISTIC IDENTITY 1 The Job of the Director 3 2 Identifying Your Themes as a Director 24 3 Developing Your Story Ideas 31 Checklist 41 PART 2: SCREENCRAFT 4 A Director’s Screen Grammar 47 5 Seeing with a Moviemaker’s Eye 70 6 Shooting Projects 96 Checklist 121 PART 3: WRITING AND STORY DEVELOPMENT 7 Screenwriting Concepts 127 8 The Writing Process 143 9 Adaptation from Art or Life 159 10 Story Development Strategies 169 11 Scene-Writing Exercises 182 Checklist 188 PART 4: AESTHETICS AND AUTHORSHIP 12 Point of View 193 13 Genre, Conflict, and Dialectics 204 14 Structure, Plot, and Time 215 15 Space, Stylized Environments, and Performances 224 16 Form and Style 232 Checklist 243 viii CONTENTS PART 5: PREPRODUCTION 17 Interpreting the Script 253 18 Casting 266 19 Directing Actors 278 20 Actors’ Problems 285 21 Learning about Acting 291 22 Exercises with a Text 311 23 Rehearsal and Cast Development 319 24 Director and Actor Prepare a Scene 328 25 Final Rehearsals and Planning Coverage 345 26 Production Design 350 27 The Preproduction Meeting 356 Checklist 375 PART 6: PRODUCTION 28 Developing a Crew 385 29 Mise en Scène 401 30 Breaking Down the Script 420 31 Before the Camera Rolls 433 32 Roll Camera 437 33 Location Sound 451 34 Continuity 459 35 Directing the Actors 463 36 Directing the Crew 473 37 Monitoring Progress 477 Checklist 484 PART 7: POSTPRODUCTION 38 Preparing to Edit 493 39 Editing the First Assembly 508 40 Editing Principles 519 41 Using Analysis and Feedback 533 42 Working with a Composer 539 43 Editing from Fine Cut to Sound Mix 545 44 Titles and Acknowledgments 558 Checklist 562 PART 8: CAREER TRACK 45 Planning a Career 569 46 Major National and International Film and Video Schools 579 47 Breaking into the Industry 590 Checklist 603 CONTENTS ix Appendix 1: Outcomes Assessment Forms 607 Appendix 2: Form and Aesthetics Questionnaire 621 Glossary 627 Bibliography and Useful Websites 643 Index 651
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