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New Diplazium fimbriatum (Athyriaceae), a Species from Brazil M. Mynssen Claudine Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-030, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected] Fernando Matos B. New NY The York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, 10458, U.S.A. e-mail: [email protected] The Athyriaceae comprises genera and 600 species (Christenhusz five ca. et al, 2011; Rothfels et al, 2012), the majority of which were placed in Woodsiaceae by Smith Diplazium comprises approximately et (2006, 2008). al. 400 species, with well over 100 in tropical America, where the highest diversity Andean and Guyanan The concentrated in the regional centers (Tryon, 1972). is work which present part of a revision of the genus Diplazium in Brazil, has is indicated the occurrence of 22 species in the country, most of these being widely distributed in the coastal Atlantic Forest (Mynssen et al, 2009), including eight endemics (Mynssen, During more than 30 were 2010). this revision localities Espmto Minas and visited, including the states of Bahia, Santo, Gerais, Parana, Rio de Furthermore, specimens from 45 herbaria were examined, Janeiro. MBM, MBML, including BM, BHCB, CEPEC, HB, HBR, INPA, IPA, B, CESJ, K, MG, NY, OUP, P, R, RB, S, SP, SPF, UPCB, and US (Thiers, 2009). The species of Diplazium are predominantly rarely epipetric, and terrestrial, can be distinguished by the following characters: stems usually ascending to erect, rarely long-creeping, bearing scales at the apex; scales usually non- brown monomor- clathrate, to blackish-brown, margin entire or toothed; leaves phic, rarely dimorphic; petioles with two crescent-shaped vascular bundles at the base (in cross section), these uniting distally; lamina simple to 1-4-pinnate- pinnatifid, glabrous or pubescent; veins generally free (simple or furcated), or anastomosing without included borne veinlets; sori elongate, elliptic to linear, on both sides of the vein (diplazioid) or on only one side; indusia generally (among present, rarely absent Brazilian species, indusia are absent, or nearly so, only in D. lindbergii), paraphyses absent; spores ellipsoidal, monolete, with between wing-like folds, the surface smooth, reticulate or papillate to echinate the folds. AMERICAN FERN VOLUME NUMBER JOURNAL: 102 2 (2012) Diplazium fimbriatum Mynssen & TYPE.— Matos, F. B. sp. nov. Brazil. Bahia: Camacan, Serra Bonita, Fazenda Uiragu, da Bapeba, trilha 15 23'30"S, 39 33'55"W, 890 m, 22 Oct 2009, M. Mynssen Matos 1167 C. St F. B. MO, (holotype: RB; isotypes: CEPEC, NY, UC, UPCB). Figs. 1, 2. Diplazium fimbriatum Kunze D. mutilo multis notis simile a quo margine gemmarum longo-fimbriato indusii et praesentia in rachidi Diplazium recedit. mutilum a D. fimbriato etiam margine gemmis integro vel dentato indusii sui et in rachidi absentibus differt. Etymology.— From Latin "fimbriatus," fringed; referring to the fimbriate margins of the indusia. X Plants terrestrial; stem 20-40 1-1.5 cm, ascending bearing to erect, scales X at the apex; scales 1.2-2 0.1-0.3 cm, concolorous, brown, lanceolate, basifixed, the apices acuminate, sinuate, margins entire to dentate; leaves to cm 150-180 long, erect to arched, fasciculate; petioles 55-80 X 0.8-1 cm, brown, mm, tomentose, with septate hairs 0.1-0.3 and scales like those of the stems; lamina 94-149 X 40-65 cm, chartaceous, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, lanceolate, gradually tapering to a pinnatifid apex, with proliferous buds in mm the axils of distal pinnae; rachises with septate hairs 0.2-0.4 long in mm adaxial grooves, linear scales 1.5-2.5 X 0.1-0.2 and lanceolate scales 1.5-4 mm X 0.5-0.8 abaxially and pinnae 28-37 X adaxially; 3-5.5 cm, stalked to cm, 6-14 0.4-1.2 pairs per lamina, oblong-ovate to dekate, incised 2/3 or less slightly serrate, without differentiated marginal costae grooved cells; adaxi- mm with laminar wings ally, vertical 0.2-0.5 wide; veins pinnate, simple free, indument or furcate; adaxially restricted to costal grooves, the hairs similar to those on the rachis, abaxial side of the veins with 0.8-1 X linear scales, ca. mm, laminar between 0.1 tissue veins glabrous on both sides of the lamina; sari mm, 5-8 X oblong, commonly 0.3 diplazioid or not; indusia persistent, mm membranaceous, brownish, margins fimbriate, the fimbriae 0.4-0.6 long; spores brown, ellipsoidal, monolete. AND ECOLOGY.— humid Dlstribution montane Restricted to the forests of southern Bahia and Minas where Gerais, Brazil, grows in deep shade and along stream it banks, 250-1200 m. Diplazium fimbriatum at occasionally shares habitat its with D. celtidifolium Kunze, D. and mutilum lindbergii (Mett.) Christ, D. Kunze, which could favor hybridization within the genus. Conservation Status.—Vulnerable under D2 (VU), (lUCN, Based criteria 2010]. on the available collections and recent expeditions carried out by the authors throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Diplazium fimbriatum has very a known restricted distribution, being from only six localities in eastern Brazil Although most (Fig. 2). of these populations are within legally protected areas and human national parks (i.e., biological reserves], activities such as logging and replacement by of forests cattle ranches and plantations (cocoa, coffee and sugarcane] continue be to serious threats. Particularly alarming the rapid is deforestation of Serra do Corcovado, in the municipality of Almadina, a MYNSSEN A NEW & MATOS: BRAZILIAN SPECIES OF DIPLAZIUM known becoming locality that is well for increasing records of rare species of Adiantum ferns diphyllum Maxon, Asplenium truncorum (Fee) (e.g., F. B. Matos, Labiak & Sylvestre, and Megalastmm indusiatum Moran, L. R. C. J. Prado & Labiak) and angiosperms (A.M. Amorim, comm.). pers. SW km Paratypes.—BRAZIL. Bahia: Almandina, Serra do Corcovado, 9.8 ao de N Coaraci pela estrada para Almandina, seguindo Fazenda Sao ate a Jose, 650-750 14 42'21"S, 39 36'12"W, m, 29 Jan 2005, F. B. Matos et 236 al. MBM, (CEPEC, NY, RBR, UPCB); Idem, 19 Apr 2007, Matos 1395 F. B. et al. (CEPEC, NY, UPCB); Arataca, Serra do Peito de Moga, estrada entre Arataca e km Una, ramal 22.4 de Arataca, entrada pelo assentamento Santo Antonio, ca. Reserva Particular do Patrimonio Natural Caminho das Pedras, 15 10'25"S, 39"20'30"W, 1000 m, 16 Feb 2006, Matos 994 (CEPEC, UPCB); F. B. et al. Camacan, Fazenda Serra Bonita, margens de Paris, trilha as cdrrego, & 15 30'52"S, 39 40'27"W, 250m, 21 Oct 2009, M. Mynssen Matos C. F. B. 1155 (CEPEC, Wenceslau 1154, RB); Guimaraes, Estagao Ecologica Estadual Nova Esperanga, da para Pico do Urubu, ini'cio trilha o 13'35'34"S, May 39 42'58"W, 450-650 m, 4 Jardim 5024 (CEPEC, UPCB). 2007, et al. /. Minas Gerais: Conceigao do Mato Dentro, Parque Natural do Ribeirao do Campo, Mota 1 Oct 2002, R. C. et 1540 (BHCB); Idem, mata de galeria do al. May corrego da mina, 19 06'19"S, 43 34'04"W, 1175m, 30 2005, A. Salino et al. 8748 (BHCB). Diplazium robustum endemic costale (Sw.) C. Presl var. (Sodiro) Stolze, to Ecuador (Stolze et al. 1994), resembles D. fimbriatum in blade dissection, leaf and presence buds on length, of proliferous the axils of distal pinnae. Nevertheless, from fimbriatum by abundant and differs D. costal scales the it robust falcate sori closer to the costae with entire indusia delicate oblong (vs. sori with fimbriate indusia). Fee (1869) applied the name D. costale to two specimens collected in Brazil; however, a careful examination of these specimens shows that Blanchet 535 (NY) refers to D. celtidifolium Kunze, whereas would name D. rostratum Fee be the correct for Miers 164 (K). Also Diplazium macrophyllum similar Desv. (Venezuela, Colombia, is and which Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia), by the broader pinnae (9-22 differs vs. 3-5.5 cm), and the shape of the apices of ultimate segments, which are acuminate attenuate or (vs. obtuse to acute in D. fimbriatum]. Furthermore, the macrophyllum veins of D. are sparsely provided abaxially with lanceolate to X mm), deltate scales (1-1.5 0.3-0.5 whereas in D. fimbriatum these scales are filiform to linear. new Several other species that occur in Brazil are also probably related to the species (Table Diplazium celtidifolium Kunze has similar linear and 1). lanceolate scales on the rachises, and also has buds on the axils of distal pinnae, but differs from D. fimbriatum by the shape of the pinnae (oblong to lanceolate vs. oblong-ovate to deltate), and indusia margins (entire to dentate Moreover, pinnae vs. fimbriate). the of D. celtidifolium are usually less incised, From mutilum Kunze, endemic, often entire. D. a Brazilian D. fimbriatum differs by the presence of proliferous buds and fimbriate indusia (vs. entire to AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL: VOLUME NUMBER 102 2 (2 3tween Diplazium fimbriatmn and other similar species of Dipla: D. cehidifolium Present or not of distal pini Absent n. lindbergii dentate in D. mutilum]. Another species in Brazil, D. lindbergii (Mett.) Chri has similar habit, blade dissection and leaf length, but can be eas distinguished by indusia absent or vestigial and lack of proliferous buds the lamina.