Dinosaur A to Z PDF
Preview Dinosaur A to Z
Written by Dustin Growick Consultant: Darren Naish US_001_Title_page_Americanized.indd 1 06/06/2017 11:06 Contents 4 How this book works 6 What is a dinosaur? Senior editor Marie Greenwood Designer Lucy Sims 8 Dinosaur ages US editor Elizabeth Searcy US Senior editor Shannon Beatty 10 Dinosaur groups Jacket co-ordinator Francesca Young 12 Abelisaurus Jacket designer Amy Keast Managing editor Laura Gilbert 14 Albertosaurus Managing art editor Diane Peyton Jones Pre-production producer Dragana Puvacic 16 Amargasaurus Producer Isabell Schart Art director Martin Wilson 18 Fossil finds Publisher Sarah Larter 20 Apatosaurus Publishing director Sophie Mitchell 22 Archaeopteryx Designed, edited and project-managed for DK by Dynamo Ltd. 24 Argentinosaurus First American Edition, 2017 26 Barosaurus Published in the United States by DK Publishing 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 28 Brachiosaurus Copyright © 2015 Dorling Kindersley Limited 30 Brachylophosaurus DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC 17 18 19 20 21 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 32 Camarasaurus 001-298821-Oct/2017 34 Dinosaur homes All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, 36 Carcharodontosaurus no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced 38 Carnotaurus into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), 40 Ceratosaurus without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. 42 Compsognathus A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 44 Cryolophosaurus ISBN 978-1-4654-6314-2 46 Daspletosaurus DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. 48 Deinonychus For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, 50 Where dinosaurs lived New York 10014 [email protected] Printed and bound in Hong Kong All images © Dorling Kindersley Limited For further information see: www.dkimages.com A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW www.dk.com US_002_003_Imprint_contents_Americanized.indd 2 17/05/2017 16:34 52 Dimetrodon 100 Saltasaurus 54 Diplodocus 102 Saurolophus 56 Edmontosaurus 104 Sauropelta 58 Euoplocephalus 106 Scelidosaurus 60 Giganotosaurus 108 Sinosauropteryx 62 Gigantoraptor 110 Eggs and nests 64 Hadrosaurus 112 Stegoceras 66 Flying reptiles 114 Struthiomimus 68 Heterodontosaurus 116 Suchomimus 70 Iguanodon 118 Supersaurus 72 Studying dinosaurs 120 Therizinosaurus 74 Kentrosaurus 122 Triceratops 76 Maiasaura 124 Small dinosaurs 78 Mamenchisaurus 126 Tyrannosaurus 80 Muttaburrasaurus 128 Utahraptor 82 Nigersaurus 130 End of the dinosaurs 84 Creatures of the deep 132 Dinosaurs today 86 Pachycephalosaurus 134 Dino file 88 Parasaurolophus 136 Dino file 90 Phorusrhacos 138 Dino file 92 Prenocephale 140 Glossary 94 Pteranodon 142 Index 96 Dinosaur diets 144 Acknowledgments 98 Pterodaustro US_002_003_Imprint_contents_Americanized.indd 3 17/05/2017 16:19 How this book works Follow a parade of dinosaurs from Abelisaurus to Zuniceratops! Each page is packed with information about the biggest, smallest, and Dinosaur facts are sprinkled most interesting dinosaurs that walked the Earth. throughout. Pronunciation No need to get your tongue twisted Edmontosaurus trying to say dinosaur names. Look ed-MON-toe-SAW-russ for the simple pronunciation guide Edmonton lizard Edmontosaurus for each dinosaur in the parade. Edmontosaurus had a very long skull, which moved its lower jaw could measure more than a metre (3 ft 3 in) in backwards and length. A big skull meant it could have a big Where did they mouth with hundreds of teeth arranged in forwards when Paraná long rows. These teeth were continuously being pine tree Eryops get their names? worn down and replaced throughout its life. chewing food. ear-ee-ops Drawn-out face Find out what each dinosaur name Eryops might have looked like means. Often, the meaning gives a a slow, fat amphibian, but this If an animal has clue to a feature of the dinosaur or its eyes set facing animal was to be feared. out to the sides, It had a massive skull, long, where it was found. it’s probably a plant-eater. strong jaws, and teeth on the roof of its mouth. Any prey it Details caught would have found it Get the lowdown on each dinosaur— Edmontosaurus lived in wester nearly impossible to escape. n find out which dinosaurs were North A O T A related, what they ate, and what merica. N made each one special. Key features U R Edmontosaurus O S A was one of the N are highlighted in bold. largest of its group, D I called the hadrosaurs. If its neck reached The dinosaur is straight up, it would be 37 m (121 ft) long. about five storeys high. Fossil finds Eryops’ limbs stuck out from the side of its Dinosaur fossils are rocky copies of dinosaur Tacreoi tvsmaetn rpoyoaf s rsiaemtudsa r bt lholo hadtdehya .e d sbbkuoenrlieeestdo g nuonst.d rWeerph lleaanyc eedrdisn b ooyfs armoucurksd ,.d oGirer dab,de sucoaammllyee, gthote Tiash laievb itonhugigt r hao sob mobni gse o a fsa ! bito wdya.s T nhoist ias dai ncloesaaru sri.gn fossilized. The fossils tell us what dinosaurs looked like. 56 57 The fossilized bones were too heavy to put up, so copies made from fibreglass were used instead. It took 18 months to dig up Titanosaur’s 223 bones. You’ll find feature This titanosaur pages on dinosaurs Getting buried Turning to rock Digging it up In the museum weighed about 10 Dinosaurs die from sickness, The dinosaur gradually gets A dinosaur expert, called If the dinosaur remains are in good condition, times the weight and their prehistoric ilynijnugry i,n o mr ouldd aatg eth. eTh bios totnoem i so f cfloevsehr erodt isn a mwuady, alenadv sinagn do.n Iltys ath pea floasesoinlitzoeldo greismt,a dinissc oovf etrhse tohf etyh ims itgithatn boes apular cweda si nfo au nmdu isne uAmrg.e Tnhtein sak einle ton of an African world scattered a lake. Slowly, its body will rot. bones behind. Over millions of dinosaur. She carefully digs 2014. It was found so recently, that it has not elephant. years, the bones turn to rock. up the dinosaur. yet been named. throughout. 18 19 4 US_004-005_How_this_book_works_Americanized.indd 4 05/06/2017 17:29 Flying reptiles hpaarvaed jeo itnoeod! the Scale DHapbaerorauedit a earn ltelh tkrhoeoeyu dgf ahinc ftothssiai sau nblrdose oftkihg.a u tr es Ke LGLWoeyreonci auggtp thih ot n PTJCMurreiierorartmcsaaesiscinaieccne o us AS38a29u, r0mrg0o (0pe1 ok2ndg8 t (f1ti)8n A 0 o,r0gs0ea0n tluibn)rau s S2Ca3ua mrmo (p7oa5d rf ta) s UaS u4A2 r ,6u0s0 kg (94,000 lb) C61C,e 0mre0a 0n(t2o kt0pg srf i(tao2)n , 2s 0a0u lCbr)anuasd a H8C amod r(ro2sy6a tfutrh) os N2a,o7ur2tr0h ukAgms ( e6r,i0c0a0 lb) All the dinosaurs walking T99Ah 0me0br (koe3gp0l o( i2dfst, )0 a 0 u0 A rlrbug)esn tina S1A0au mmro a(p3or1d gf ta) s Aar g2ue,7nr2tu0in ska g (6,000 lb) T53Ah 6me5ur k(os1gpt6 o( rf8dto1 ) 0 r lab A)prgtenotirn a A m e 6rT i hCcmaee, r (oP2rpo0oar tfdutt )g o a ls ,N aToaruntzhra un isa TA64Ch.6n5re5t arm ykorg cpo(t 2o(il11cdoa, 0f tp 2)5 h lbo)saurus across the page are in 980 kg (2,160 lb) proportion to one another. C6Ae mrlab (t2oe0p rsfitat)n a c e3 C,1ra7an5at dkoga p( 7,s0 00 lb) T01Ah.150en rm goc p((h42o 0dioo zi n)r) n C hisin a S21Ba,68ua m0rr0o ( pok8og5sd (fa 4 t),u0 0rU0uS lAbs ) I68Cg 5mua0a mkn(2ga0 dp( 1oftt,n)8 o7 4s laUb)uSAr us T2Ch mietr (oi7pp oftad) t i 5M0o ngg (o1l1ia0 l b) T92Dh ,m7ea2r 0(os3 ppk0og ldf te( 6) ,t 0o 0C0sa nlaba)udar us Look out for This means you might only Ankylosaurus Baryonyx Ankylosaur North America Theropod Europe 6 m (20 ft) 5,440 kg (12,000 lb) 7 m (23 ft) 1,090 kg (2,400 lb) plants and trees Carcharodontosaurus Coelophysis Deinocheirus see the legs of some of the T1h3 emro (p4o3d f t ) Al g10er,8ia8,5 N kigge (r2, 4T,u0n0i0s ilab ) T3h mer (o1p0o fdt ) U 1S5A k g (33 lb) O11rn mit h(3o6m fimt) o sa u5r, 4 43 Mkgo n(1g2o,l0ia0 0 lb) from the time of Brachiosaurus Compsognathus Deinonychus the dinosaurs. tallest creatures! AT91h, m3el6br (0o3e pk0org df tt( )3 o , 0s 0Ca0a nulbar)duas S22Aa20u, p0mr0oa (0p7t ok2odg f st()4a 4 uU,0Sr0A0u lsb) S23a60u ,m8r0o (0p8 ok5dg f t()6 8 U,0S0A0 lb) T91Ch, 2mae2r 5r(o3 pnk0og odf t( )2t , a7 0uA0rr glbeu)nsti na OG1 ermnrmi t(h3a onfmyt), i Fmrao ns3ac.5ue rk g (8 lb) T3h.5e rmo p(1o1d f t) US A7 3 kg (161 lb) Archaeopteryx Caudipteryx Concavenator T92Ah, 0mel8rl 5(oo3 pk0sog adf t( )4 u , 6r 0Pu0o srlbt )ugal, USA T0h.5e rmo p(2o df t ) G 1e rkmga (n2y l b) H1B1ar dmrao (cs3a6hu fryt )l o Np 6oh,r3toh50 sA akmgue (rr1ic4ua,0 s 0 0 lb) T12h. 5me rk (og3p (fo5td.)5 lb) China T6h mer (o2p0o fdt ) Sp 9a8in0 kg (2,160 lb) TC21Dhh0 m ieiknr lg(aoo7 p( n2oft2dg) l b ) 134 135 Edmontosaurus ed-MON-toe-SAW-russ See how you measure Edmonton lizard Edmontosaurus Check out the fact up against your Edmontosaurus had a very long skull, which moved its lower jaw file pages at the favorite dinosaurs! could measure more than a metre (3 ft 3 in) in back for dinosaur backwards and length. A big skull meant it could have a big facts and figures. mouth with hundreds of teeth arranged in forwards when Paraná long rows. These teeth were continuously being pine tree Eryops chewing food. worn down and replaced throughout its life. ear-ee-ops Drawn-out face At a glance Eryops might have looked like a slow, fat amphibian, but this If an animal has Each dinosaur is color coded, so you animal was to be feared. its eyes set facing out to the sides, It had a massive skull, long, know which period it came from. Keep it’s probably a plant-eater. strong jaws, and teeth on the your eyes peeled, though: some non- roof of its mouth. Any prey it Edmontosaurus lived in west cnaeuagrlhyt i wmopuolds shibavlee ftoou nedsc ita p e. dsninuocska iunrtso f trhoem p parreahdies.t oLroiock t iomuet sf ohra vthee er n North America. N O T A bvelurey aonftde ng!reen lines—they don’t appear R U Ewladarmgse oosnntt eoo fos afit utshr ugers o up, D I N O S A Permian called the hadrosaurs. Triassic Eryops’ limbs stuck out from the side of its body. This is a clear sign it was not a dinosaur. Jurassic 56 57 Cretace o u s Not a dinosaur? Some of the animals featured in this Watch out for book aren’t technically dinosaurs—but Miocene modern-day animals they are still important to learn about. to see how they compare size-wise. Look out for this stamp! 5 US_004-005_How_this_book_works_Americanized.indd 5 17/05/2017 16:36 What is Some dinosaurs had very small heads compared a dinosaur? to the rest of their bodies. Birds The name dinosaur means belong to the “terrible lizard.” However, dinosaur dinosaurs weren’t really lizards family, too! at all! This diverse group of animals ranged in size from not much bigger than a Many plant-eating sparrow to three times the dinosaurs had long necks, which helped them feed height of a giraffe! from the tallest treetops. Scales It was discovered a long time ago that dinosaurs had scales. This was learned from the many trace fossils that have preserved the texture and look of the skin of many different species. Other dinosaurs have feathers, and some have both. Large dinosaurs needed thick, strong legs to support their weight. Some dinosaurs, like Diplodocus, walked on four legs. Others walked on two and used their other two “legs” as arms. 6 US_006-007_What_is_a_Dinosaur_Americanized.indd 6 17/05/2017 16:19 Eggs As far as we know, all dinosaurs laid Giganotosaurus’s tail eggs. Most clutches, or groups of eggs, were small. Some dinosaurs even sat on top of their nests to keep their eggs warm, much as birds do today. Euoplocephalus’s tail Deinonychus’s tail Tails All dinosaurs had tails, This fossilized egg belongs to but they were used in very different Aepyornis, or the ways. Some species used them for protection, “elephant bird,” the biggest bird while others used them as a counterbalance that ever lived. to help them run fast. Is it a dinosaur? There is one exception to this chart. A group of reptiles called Pseudosuchia also has legs under Not all prehistoric creatures the body, just as dinosaurs do! were dinosaurs. Use this Dinosaurs used their flowchart to figure out if an long tails for balance. animal is, or is not, a dinosaur. Does it Yes! have scales Yes! or feathers? Are its legs It’s a directly under dinosaur! its body? It’s not No... a dinosaur! No... 7 US_006-007_What_is_a_Dinosaur_Americanized.indd 7 17/05/2017 16:19 Dinosaur ages Dinosaurs first appeared on Earth during the Mesozoic era, which lasted from about 250 million years ago until 66 million years ago. In the Mesozoic era, Earth was warmer than it is today, and all the continents were joined in one large landmass called Pangaea. Permian Heterodontosaurus The first reptiles and early forms of mammals appeared in the Permian era, about 300 million Triassic period: years ago. There were no 250—200 million dinosaurs at this time. years ago Large conifers first appeared on Earth during the Triassic period. They grew throughout the Triassic Jurassic Jurassic and Cretaceous period period periods, too! Dinosaurs first appeared During this period, in this period, which many new types of spanned the first 50 dinosaur developed million years of the and began to spread Mesozoic era. out all over the earth. 8 US_008-009_Dinosaur_ages_Americanized.indd 8 17/05/2017 16:19
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