Digital Video Broadcasting: Technology, Standards, and Regulations

324 Pages·1999·0.919 MB·English

by  Ronald de Bruin

Digital Video Broadcasting:
Technology, Standards,
and Regulations
Ronald de Bruin
KPMG
Jan Smits
EindhovenCentreofInnovationStudies(ECIS)
EindhovenUniversityofTechnology
TheNetherlands
Artech House
Boston • London
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Bruin,Ronaldde.
Digitalvideobroadcasting:technology,standards,andregulations/
RonalddeBruin,JanSmits.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-89006-743-0(alk.paper)
1.Digitaltelevision. 2.Televisionbroadcasting. I.Smits,Jan
II.Title. IV.Series
TK6678.B78 1998
384.55—dc21 98-51785
CIP
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Bruin,Ronaldde
Digitalvideobroadcasting:technology,standards,andregulations
1.Digitaltelevision
I.Title II.Smits,J.M.,1953–
621.3’88
ISBN 0-89006-743-0
CoverdesignbyLyndaFishbourne
©1999ARTECHHOUSE,INC.
685CantonStreet
Norwood,MA02062
Allrightsreserved.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartof
thisbookmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor
mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageand
retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobetrademarksorservice
markshavebeenappropriatelycapitalized.ArtechHousecannotattesttotheaccu-
racyofthisinformation.Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedas
affectingthevalidityofanytrademarkorservicemark.
InternationalStandardBookNumber:0-89006-743-0
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:98-51785
10987654321
ToSusannewhoseeyesmirrorthetruevaluesoflife.
RonalddeBruin
ToSaskiawhoalwaysencouragesmetoexplorenewfrontiersinscienceand
lawandtoJan-Paulwhohasbroughtsomuchjoyandtheconvictionthat
thefuturewillbebright.
JanSmits
Contents
Foreword xvii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xx
1 Historyofdigitaltelevision 1
RonalddeBruin
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Mechanicaltelevision 2
1.3 Electronictelevision 4
1.4 Colortelevision 7
1.5 High-definitiontelevision 9
1.6 Digitaltelevision 12
1.7 Summaryandconclusions 15
2 Theoreticalframework 19
RonalddeBruin
2.1 Introduction 19
vii
viii DigitalVideoBroadcasting:Technology,Standards,andRegulations
2.2 Services 20
2.2.1 Interactiveservices 20
2.2.2 Conditionalaccessservices 20
2.2.3 Servicesmodel 20
2.3 Policy 24
2.3.1 Thelayermodel 24
2.3.2 Scopeandapplicationofthelayermodel 29
2.3.3 Servicesandinformationstreams 30
2.4 Summaryandconclusions 32
3 Technologicalandmarketconvergence 35
RonalddeBruin
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Convergenceamongtraditionalsectors 36
3.3 Layermodelingofsectorsandactors 37
3.4 Changesinactors’activities 39
3.4.1 Marketbehavior 39
3.4.2 Conditionalaccessterminalequipmentmanufacturers 41
3.4.3 Networkserviceproviders 42
3.4.4 Value-addedserviceproviders 43
3.4.5 Informationserviceproviders 43
3.4.6 Informationproducers 44
3.5 Powerinthevalue-addedchain 44
3.6 Summaryandconclusions 47
4 UnitedStates 49
JanSmits
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Generalpolicyandregulatoryenvironment 51
4.2.1 Thecommunicationsact 51
Contents ix
4.2.2 Directbroadcastsatellite 55
4.2.3 Mediaconcentrationandforeignownership 55
4.2.4 Cabletelevisionservices 57
4.2.5 Videoprogrammingregulations 59
4.2.6 Practiceofforbearance 59
4.2.7 Futuredevelopments 60
4.3 Thegrandalliancehighdefinitiontelevisionsystem 62
4.4 Summaryandconclusions 66
5 Japanesepolicy 69
JanSmits
5.1 Introduction 69
5.2 Generalpolicyandregulatoryframework 70
5.2.1 Regulatoryenvironment 73
5.2.2 Conditionalaccessanddigitalbroadcasting 83
5.3 HistoryofdevelopingHDTV 85
5.3.1 MUSE 87
5.3.2 Wide-screenmarketdevelopments 89
5.4 Summaryandconclusions 90
6 EuropeanUnionpolicy 93
RonalddeBruinandJanSmits
6.1 Introduction 93
6.2 EUpolicyandregulatoryenvironment:
digitaltelevision 94
6.2.1 BackgroundEU:telecommunications 95
6.2.2 EUcompetitionpolicy:telecommunications 97
6.2.3 Telecommunicationsandgeneralcompetitionlaw:
digitaltelevision 99
6.3 Digitalvideobroadcasting 103
x DigitalVideoBroadcasting:Technology,Standards,andRegulations
6.3.1 Technologicaldevelopments 104
6.3.2 RegulatorycoverageforHDTV 105
6.3.3 ThecurrentregulatoryEUwide-screenTV-package 108
6.4 Summaryandconclusions 111
7 Analyticalmodel 115
RonalddeBruin
7.1 Introduction 115
7.2 Technologicaldevelopmentaspects 116
7.2.1 Availability 116
7.2.2 Multiformity 116
7.2.3 Affordability 116
7.2.4 Marketstructure 117
7.2.5 One-stopshop 118
7.2.6 Privacy 119
7.2.7 Costallocation 119
7.2.8 Lawfulinterception 120
7.2.9 Intellectualpropertyrights 121
7.3 Conceptualmodel 121
7.4 Summaryandconclusions 123
8 Europeandigitalvideobroadcastingproject 125
RonalddeBruin
8.1 Introduction 125
8.2 Background 126
8.3 Projectstructure 127
8.4 Standardizationprocess 130
8.5 Relatedstandardizationbodiesandgroups 131
8.5.1 InternationalTelecommunicationsUnion(ITU) 131
8.5.2 ISO/IEC 132
Contents xi
8.5.3 ComitéEuropéendeNormalisationElectrotechnique
(CENELEC) 132
8.5.4 EuropeanBroadcastingUnion(EBU) 132
8.5.5 EBU/ETSIJTCandEBU/CENELEC/ETSIJTC 133
8.5.6 DAVIC 133
8.6 ResultsDVBproject 134
8.7 Summaryandconclusions 137
9 Codingtechniquesandadditionalservices 139
RonalddeBruin
9.1 Introduction 139
9.2 MPEG-2 140
9.2.1 Elementsofdigitalcoding 140
9.2.2 Audiocoding 142
9.2.3 Videocoding 146
9.2.4 Systems 152
9.3 DVBserviceinformation 155
9.3.1 Serviceinformation 155
9.3.2 MPEG-2definedserviceinformation 156
9.3.3 DVB-definedserviceinformation(mandatory) 156
9.3.4 DVB-definedserviceinformation(optional) 157
9.4 DVBteletext 158
9.4.1 Elementsofteletext 158
9.4.2 DVBteletextsystem 158
9.5 DVBsubtitlingsystem 159
9.5.1 ElementsofDVBsubtitling 160
9.5.2 DVBsubtitlingsystem 162
9.6 Summaryandconclusions 163
xii DigitalVideoBroadcasting:Technology,Standards,andRegulations
10 Digitaltransmission 167
RonalddeBruin
10.1 Introduction 167
10.2 DVBsatellite 168
10.2.1 Elementsofsatellitecommunications 168
10.2.2 DVBsatellitesystems 172
10.2.3 Channelencoding 174
10.2.4 Channeldecoding 179
10.3 DVBcable 182
10.3.1 Elementsofcablecommunications 183
10.3.2 Channelencoding 184
10.3.3 Channeldecoding 186
10.4 DVBterrestrial 188
10.4.1 Elementsofterrestrialcommunications 188
10.4.2 DVBterrestrialsystems 189
10.4.3 Channelencoding 191
10.4.4 Channeldecoding 196
10.5 Summaryandconclusions 198
11 Conditionalaccess 203
RonalddeBruin
11.1 Introduction 203
11.2 Elementsofconditionalaccess 204
11.2.1 Encryption 204
11.2.2 Keymanagement 206
11.2.3 Conditionalaccessmanagementsystems 207
11.3 DVBcommonscramblingalgorithm 208
11.3.1 DVBcryptosystem 208
11.3.2 DVBdistributionagreements 210
Contents xiii
11.4 Multicrypt 211
11.4.1 TheMulticryptmodel 211
11.4.2 DVBcommoninterface 212
11.5 Simulcrypt 214
11.5.1 TheSimulcryptmodel 214
11.5.2 TypicalSimulcryptimplementation 215
11.6 Transcontrol 216
11.6.1 TheTranscontrolmodel 217
11.6.2 TypicalTranscontrolimplementation 217
11.7 Summaryandconclusions 219
12 Interactiveservices 223
RonalddeBruin
12.1 Introduction 223
12.2 Elementsofinteractiveservices 224
12.2.1 Reasonsfor(not)usinginteractionchannels 224
12.2.2 Out-of-band/in-bandsignaling 226
12.2.3 Spectrumallocation 226
12.2.4 Multipleaccesstechniques 226
12.2.5 Genericinteractivesystemsmodel 227
12.3 DVBinteractionchannelforCATVnetworks 228
12.3.1 CATVinteractivesystemmodel 230
12.3.2 Forwardinteractionpath(downstreamOOB) 230
12.3.3 Forwardinteractionpath(downstreamIB) 235
12.3.4 Returninteractionpath(upstream) 237
12.4 DVBinteractionchannelthroughPSTN/ISDN 240
12.4.1 PSTN/ISDNinteractivesystemmodel 241
12.4.2 InteractionpaththroughPSTN 241
12.4.3 InteractionpaththroughISDN 242