Digital Libraries

291 Pages·2001·23.665 MB·English

by  William Y. Arms

DigitLailb raries
DigiLtiablr arainedEs l ectrPounbilci shing
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DigitLailb raries
WilliYa.mA rms
TheM ITP ress
CambridMgaes,s achusetts
LondonE,n gland
© 2000M assachusIentsttsi otfuT teec hnology
Allr ighrtess ervNeod p.a rotf t hibso okm ayb er eproduicnea dn yf ormb ya ny
electroornm iecc hanimceaaln (si nclupdhiontgo copyriencgo,r doirni gn,f ormation
storaagnedr etriewviatlh)o puetr missiinwo rni tifnrgo mt hep ublis.h er
Seitn S abobny T heM ITP ress.
Printaenddb ounidn t heU niteSdt atoefAs m erica.
LibraorfCy o ngreCsast aloging-in-PDuabtlai cation
ArmsW,i lliYa.m
Digitlailb ra/rW iielsl iYa.mA rms.
p. cm.- (Digiltiablr aarnidee sl ectrpounbilci shing)
Inclubdiebsl iograrpehfiecraelan ncdei sn dex.
ISBN0 -262-018(8a0l-pk8a. p er)
1.L ibraries-USntiatteeds -Spceoclilaelc tions-Electronic
informarteisoonu r2c.eD si.g itlailb raries-SUtnaitteesd.
1.T itlIeIS..e ries.
Z692.C65A7260 00
025'.00285-dc21 99-14773
CIP
Contents
SeriFeosr ewordVB
PrefacIeX
AcknowledgemeXnl ts
1 LibrarTieecsh,n olaongdyP ,e ople1
2 TheI nterannedtt hWeo rlWdi deW eb 21
3 LibrarainedPs u blishe3r9s
4 InnovatainodnR esearc5h7
5 PeoplOer,g anizatainodCn hsa,n ge 77
6 Economaincd L egIasls ues9 9
7 AcceMsasn agemeanntdS ecurit1y2 3
8 UserInterafnadUc seasb ili1t4y 3
9 Text 163
10I nformatRieotnr ieavnadDl e scripMteitvaed ata1 87
11D istribIuntfeodr matDiiosnc over2y0 7
12O bjeMcotd elIsd,e ntifainedSr tsr,u ctMuertaald ata2 25
13R epositoarnidAe rsc hive2s4 5
14D igitLailb rarainedEs l ectrPounbilci shTiondga y 263
Glossar2y7 3
Index 285
SeriFeosr eword
Sinc1e9 90di,g ital lainbdre alreicetsrp ounbilci shhianvgme o vedf rom
esoteirnitce roesfat fse wv isionatroai cetsi vitthiaaetrs e b eginntion g
rivtarla ditiloinbarla arnidet sr aditipounballi shTihnegc .a talyhsatvse
beetne chni(cpaelr socnoamlp utetrhseI, n terntehteW, o rlWdi deW eb),
butc ontribuhtaivoecn osm ef rome verdyi sciptlhianvtea lutehse d is­
seminatoifho ing h-quailniftoyr matMiaonny.o ft hec hallenagsesso ci­
atewdi tbhu ildtihneng e wl ibraarriese osc ieaclo,n omoircl ,e graalt her
thatne chnical.
Digitlailb raarrieeb se inigm plemenbtyep de oplweh ow orkw ithin
conventional bluitba rlasbroyi p eeso,p lweh od on otc onsidtehre m­
selvleisb raroirap nusb lishTehreWs o.r lWdi deW ebh asc reatneedw
professRieosnesa.r icndh i giltiablr ahraiseb se comaev ibraancta dem­
ics ubdisciwpiltichno em,p utsecri entwiosrtksi anlgo ngseicdoen omists,
sociologliaswtysea,rn sd,l ibrariAani nnst.e rdiscibpoldiyon fea xrpye r­
tisiese merging.
Tow ritbeo okasb oudti giltiablr amraiyes se eamc ontradiction. Most
researcihnet rhsif si erledl hye aviolnyt heI nterfnoertc urrent infor­
matiobnu,tt hessea mep eopalreev ercyo nscioofut sh es trengotfch osn ­
ventiopnuabll icatIinonnosv.a tainodnc urrernets earacrhew idely
reportiena dr ticalnedps a pers pubilnji osuhrendaa nldsm agazinaensd
presenattce odn ferenmcuecsho; ft hidse taimlaetde riisao lp enlayv ail­
abloen linAe b.o okp rovidaenos p portuntiobt eym orec ontemplative
andt og ivpee rspecttoia v fei elTdh.ea imo ft heM IT Press soenr ies
DigitLailb rarainedEs l ectrPounbilci shiistn opg r oviad ceo nteTxhte.
hopei st oh avcer eatae sde ritehsa itsv aluabtlobe o ths peciaalnids ts
Vtlt SerFioerse word
nonspeciaTlhiess ptesc.i awliilsslte she o wo thelre adeirnts h ef ievlide w
thes tatoeft hea rtr,e cernets earacnhdl, o nger-tterremn dTsh.en on­
specialwiislbtles i ntrodutcoet dh ei nitiatthiavater sel eaditnogt he
newg eneratoiflo inb raarnidep su blishing.
WilliYa.mA rms
Preface
In1 99s5o,m ec olleaagnudeI cs r eatDe-dL iMba gazianno en,l imnoen th­
lyt hahta sb ecomteh ev oicoefd igiltiablr arreys eaarncdhi mplementa­
tionW.e startDe-dL ib Magbaezciaundseie g iltiablr aarrieeb sr inging
togethpeero plfer omn umeroduiss ciplwihnoek sn owl itatbloeu otn e
anoth.Oe urra imw ast oc reaatm ea gazine that would oiftn hfeo rm people
vast aorfre axyp erttihsaiets f eeditnhgif si elCdo.m putesrc ientairset s
ofteunn awaroeft hed eeup nderstanodfii nnfgo rmattihoalnti brarians
havdee veloopveedtr h ey earLsi.b rariaanndps u blishmearyn so tk now
that Itnhtee rnet phiaovnebe eeernsm anagionngl iinnef ormatfioorn
decadBeost.lh i brarainadpn usb lisahreaerw sa rteh atth efiire ladrses ub­
jecttoe xternal ecaonndlo emgifacol rcebsut,h avoen llyi mited knowl­
edgoef t hei mplications.
Thef irfsetwy earosfD -LiMba gazishnoewh owp rescitehnivtsi sion
wasA.m ongt het opiccosv eraerdet hel atemsettd aa twao rkshoipm,p le­
mentatiporno jeacttt sh eL ibraorfyC ongreussse,r intperrifnacciep les
appliteosd e aracnhdr etrieavh ails,t orreivci oefwZ 39.5ad 0i,g iltiablr ary
ofJ apanefsoelt ka letsh,eJ STORa pproatcohl egiasl suaensd,m ethods
forh andlianlgt ernacthiavrea csteetrNs o.b odyi sa ne xpeirnta ltlh ese
areayse,tt o b ea l eadienrd igital librarsioemsea prperqeuciiraoetfsi on
alolf t hem.
Thibso oki sm y attemtpots urvtehye e ntifriee olfdd igiltiablr aries.
Computearnsd netwaorroekf sf undamenitmaplo rtabnuctet ,h eayr oen ly
thtee chnolTohgeyr .e aslt oroyfd igiltiablr airsti heiesn terpolfpa eyo ple,
organizatainodtn esc,h ngoylH.oo w arlei braarnidep su blisuhseirnstg h is
newt echnolHoogwy ?a rien dividbuyaplass sing troardgiatniioznaatli ons
andb uildtihnegoi wrn l ibrarWiheesr?ie s a ltlh ilse adiTnhge?a nswetro
x Preface
thel asqtu estiiossn i mplNeo.b odkyn owsI.h avter iteoda voisdp ecula­
tioann dt oc oncentroant dee scribciunrgr eanctt ivities,a ndt rends,
researTchhu.st ,h e" panels"-aedadcrhe ssais nigg nifaiscpaenoctft d ig­
itallibrartieecsh,n goyl,ao pplicatoirro ens,e arch-tahreh ee arotft his
book.
Inevit,at bhleby ookr eflemcyto sw ne xperieanncdbe i asIenss .e lecting
thee xampleIsu ,s ually cthhooostsehe a Itk nowp ersolnyaw,li tha n
emphasoinsw orkb yA mericuanni versibtuitIe a sm, c onscioofut sh e
goodw orkt haitsb eincga rrioeudta rountdh ew orlSdo.m eo fm y biases
areu ndoubteudnlcyo nscibouutos t,h earrseq uitdee liberIaa tme d.e fi­
nitebliya steodw arddi giltiablr atrhiaeptsr oviodpee na ccetsosi nforma­
tioAn.sa reaedrI,a m thriltlheadtt h eI ntergnievtem se accetsosh uge
amountosfi nformattihoaints c ompletuenlrye striacsat nea du;t h,o rI
publimsyh r eseaornclhi snoet haetv erybohdaysa ccetsosm y work.
Acknowledgements
BecauIsk en ows om anyo ft hep eoplweh osweo rki sd escriibnet dh is
bookI,h avbee esnh amelienas ssk itnhge mf ohre lAp.m yF riedlatnhdee r,
foundiendgi toofrD -Lib Maghaazsbi eneean, c o nstagnuti dMey. wife
Caroliinnet rodumceet dod igiltiablr awrhieenss hew asa graduastteu ­
denatt M ITi n1 966No.w att heL ibraorfyC ongresshseh, e lpewdi th
many sectthiroonusg htohubeto okI.n dividwuhaolh sa vmea dec omments
ont hem anuscroirpc th ecksepde cific isneccltuiRdooenb se rAtl leKna,t e
ArmsS,t evCeo usinGsr,e gorCyr aneJ,i mD avisP,et eDre nninJga,c k
DongarrGae,o rgFeu rnaHse,n rGyl adneSyt,e ven GriffGiunt,h rKieev,i n
LarrLya nnomR,o nL arseMni,c haLeels kR,a lpLhe VanM,a ryL evering,
WendyL ougeCel,i ffLoyrndc hH,a rrSy. M artiInI IE,r iMci ll,Ae nrdreas
PaepckLea,r rPya geN,o rmaPn askiVni,c kRye icShc,o tStt eveTnesr,r ence
SmithS,a mS un, HVaalr iaHno,w ardW actl,aD ronalWda terSst,u art
Weibealn,dR oberWti leknys.
Earliveerr sioofnc sh apt4e wre rep rovidteodt h eF unda�Gaeot ulio
Vargaasn dt hTei ceSru mmeSrc hooAl s.k etocfhc hapt8ew ra sp resented
att hSe GMIJXML Confereinn1c 9e 9P7a.n e6l. i3sf rotmh Ue .SC.o pyright
OfficTeh.ef iguirnpe a ne7l. i3sb aseodn a figubryeH enrGyl adn.eT yhe
liosfte lemenitnps a ne1l0 .3f riosmt heD ubliCno rwee bs ite.