Diffusion of Technology in Small to Medium Medical Providers in Saudi Arabia PDF
Preview Diffusion of Technology in Small to Medium Medical Providers in Saudi Arabia
Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies 2015 Diffusion of Technology in Small to Medium Medical Providers in Saudi Arabia Ziad Hisham Arnaout Walden University Follow this and additional works at:http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of theBusiness Commons,Databases and Information Systems Commons, and theHealth and Medical Administration Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please [email protected]. Walden University College of Management and Technology This is to certify that the doctoral study by Ziad Arnaout has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Teresa Jepma, Committee Chairperson, Doctor of Business Administration Faculty Dr. Patricia Fusch, Committee Member, Doctor of Business Administration Faculty Dr. Gayle Grant, University Reviewer, Doctor of Business Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2015 Abstract Diffusion of Technology in Small to Medium Medical Providers in Saudi Arabia by Ziad Hisham Arnaout MPH, American University of Beirut, 1994 BS, American University of Beirut, 1992 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University November 2015 Abstract The Saudi ministry of health reported that government health care spending doubled from 2008 to 2011. To address increased demand, the government encouraged small to medium enterprise (SME) growth. However, SME leaders could not leverage technology as a growth enabler because they lacked strategies to address operating inefficiencies associated with technology. Only 50% of hospitals fully implemented information technology. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore lived experiences of SME leaders on strategies needed to accelerate technology implementation. This exploration drew on a conceptual framework developed from Wainwright and Waring’s framework addressing issues of technology adoption. Data were collected from semistructured interviews of 20 SME leaders in Saudi Arabia. A modified van Kaam method was used to analyze participants’ interview transcripts in search of common themes. The main themes were strategies to address human resources, clinical teams, funding, and organizational and leadership alignment to accelerate the diffusion of technology. Findings indicated that insurance companies influence SME operations, growth, and survival. Analysis of findings revealed the need for change in management, training, implementation follow up, and staff retention to accelerate technology implementation. Application of findings has the potential to promote positive social change in guiding SME leaders to be change agents and enabling them to create a reliable, sustainable health care delivery system. Diffusion of Technology in Small to Medium Service Providers in Saudi Arabia by Ziad Hisham Arnaout MPH, American University of Beirut, 1994 BS, American University of Beirut, 1992 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University November 2015 Dedication I dedicate this study to my father’s soul who inspired me and ignited in me the flame to excel in my life, and to my family who has been there for me through it all. My father taught the meaning of dedication, love, sacrifice, giving, as well as thinking big, thinking long term, and being tenacious about my goals. Without my father’s dedication and commitment, I would not be here today. He taught me how to remain solid during the hardest times. One day, I hope my children look at me as I look at my father. I would like to thank my wife Hasna’a for being the solid rock in my life and for being my friend and biggest supporter throughout this journey. I love you and I could not have done it without you. I also dedicate this work to my four sons, Omar, Bilal, Hisham, and Fareed; you are my breath and soul. I hope that I have been a role model for you. Be inspired to excel in your lives, always aim high, and above all remain humble. I promise to pay you back the time I missed spending with you because of the days, weekends, and nights I spent on my study. Acknowledgments A well-deserved round of thanks goes to my entire dissertation committee for guiding me through the process and helping me to improve my doctoral study. To my exceptional mentor and dissertation chair, Dr. Teresa Jepma, who provided her sincere assistance where others failed and guided me through the somewhat vicious doctoral journey; thank you for everything you have done. You are a true chairperson. To my committee members, Dr. Pat Fusch and Dr. Gayle Grant, and methodologist, I am very grateful for your guidance throughout the process. Dr. Fusch, your feedback taught me a lot. I would also like to thank the participants who contributed their time and provided me with the insight to complete this research. Special thanks go to Dr. Alice Denomme Gobeille who provided unprecedented guidance during my second residency. Finally, I thank my old colleague and friend, Mr. Abdullah Al Arfaj, for extending his help with Mr. Mohammad Al Aghbash in identifying the participants. Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iv Section 1: Foundation of the Study ..................................................................................... 1 Background of the Problem .......................................................................................... 1 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................ 2 Purpose Statement ......................................................................................................... 2 Nature of the Study ....................................................................................................... 3 Research Question ........................................................................................................ 5 Interview Questions ................................................................................................ 5 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................. 6 Definition of Terms ....................................................................................................... 7 Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations ............................................................... 8 Assumptions ............................................................................................................ 8 Limitations .............................................................................................................. 9 Delimitations ......................................................................................................... 10 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................ 11 Contribution to Business Practice ......................................................................... 11 Implications for Social Change ............................................................................. 12 A Review of the Professional and Academic Literature ............................................. 14 Health Care and Health Information Technology in Saudi Arabia ....................... 15 Small to Medium Enterprises ................................................................................ 24 Diffusion of Innovation and Technology .............................................................. 31 i Elements Affecting Diffusion of HIT ................................................................... 38 Transition and Summary ............................................................................................. 59 Section 2: The Project ....................................................................................................... 61 Purpose Statement ....................................................................................................... 61 Role of the Researcher ................................................................................................ 62 Participants .................................................................................................................. 64 Research Method and Design ..................................................................................... 66 Method .................................................................................................................. 66 Research Design .................................................................................................... 69 Population and Sampling ............................................................................................ 71 Ethical Research .......................................................................................................... 73 Data Collection ........................................................................................................... 75 Instruments ............................................................................................................ 75 Data Collection Technique ................................................................................... 77 Data Organization Techniques .............................................................................. 80 Data Analysis Technique ............................................................................................ 80 Reliability and Validity ............................................................................................... 82 Reliability .............................................................................................................. 83 Validity ................................................................................................................. 84 Transition and Summary ............................................................................................. 85 Section 3: Application to Professional Practice and Implications for Change ................. 87 Overview of Study ...................................................................................................... 87 ii Presentation of the Findings ........................................................................................ 88 Emergent Theme: Strategies to Address Human Resources Element as It Pertains to Accelerating the Diffusion of Technology ............................. 92 Emergent Theme: Strategies to Address Technology Funding Element as It Pertains to Accelerating the Diffusion of Technology ........................ 105 Emergent Theme: Strategies to Address Organizational and Leadership Alignment Element as It Pertains to Accelerating the Diffusion of Technology ............................................................................................. 111 Applications to Professional Practice ....................................................................... 116 Implications for Social Change ................................................................................. 119 Recommendations for Action ................................................................................... 121 Recommendations for Further Research ................................................................... 124 Reflections ................................................................................................................ 125 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 127 References ....................................................................................................................... 131 Appendix A: Arnaout Inquiry of Elements Contributing to Technology Diffusion ....... 152 Appendix B: Participant Consent Form Arnaout Doctoral Study .................................. 153 Appendix C: Interview Protocol ..................................................................................... 156 iii
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