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Differential Scanning Calorimetry - The University of Alabama at PDF

134 Pages·2014·2.34 MB·English
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Differential Scanning Calorimetry Derrick Dean University of Alabama at Birmingham Agenda • Brief overview of polymers • DSC Basics • Applications – Melting transitions, T m – The glass transition, T g – Thermal Stability • Modulated DSC, MDSC • Variations in DSC 2 Thermal Analysis Useful For • Quality Control • Characterization • Processing • End Use Application Most Commonly Used  Thermal Analysis Techniques Technique Parameter Measured DifferentialScanning dH/dT Calorimetry(DSC) Thermogravimetry (TGA) Mass Derivative Thermogravimetry dM/dT (DTGA) Thermomechanical Analysis  Deformation, Volume or Length (TMA) (Dilatometry; Penetration) Dynamic Mechanical Modulus/ Damping Analysis(DMA) Dielectric Analysis (DEA) Permitivity/ Loss Factor Major Polymer Transitions Two Main Transitions in  Thermoplastic Polymers • Glass Transition, Tg – Indicates minimum/maximum service  temperature – Very important in amorphous polymers • Melting temperature, T m – Defines minimum processing andmaximum  service temperature Transitions and Relaxations Why Important?  Range at which properties change  Modulus  Brittleness  Impact strength  Wear  Permeability  Thermal conductivity  Strength  Dielectric constant  Stress‐strain properties  Electrical conductivity Transitions and Relaxations If we examine polymer properties with respect  to temperature and/or frequency we find that there is a range over which the  E   g properties change(eg., Silly Putty) o L Log  E • At high frequencies no motion ‐> unrelaxed g  o • At low frequencies it flows ‐> relaxed L If T is changed instead of ,  T same features result. Relaxation – significant “sharp” or “steep” change in properties in a relatively  narrow temperature or frequency range. Transitions and Relaxations Relaxation – significant “sharp” or “steep” change in properties in a relatively  narrow temperature or frequency range. Can be related to various types of polymer  - CH - CH - motion : 2 C-H 3 1. Side chain rotation ( PP, PMMA or PS) CH - CH - CH - ‐ 3 2 - CH - C - ‐ 2 ‐ 2. Small segments as in PE : C=O ‐ O ‐ CH 3 3. Longer segments(20‐30 carbon atoms, as at  T ) g Transitions and Relaxations Transition – a discontinuous change in thermodynamic properties of a material. • Includes changes of state: • Crystalline‐to‐amorphous‐ T m • Crystalline ‐to‐crystalline – polymorphism 1 2 • Amorphous‐to‐glass – T g • At a transition there will be a discontinuous change in thermodynamic  properties, which can be observed to define the transition temperature. • Specific volume • Heat capacity • Specific heat(Enthalpy)

Description:
Analysis Instruments. Technique. Property Measured. Relative Signal Change at Tg. Differential Scanning. Calorimetry. Heat flow(heat capacity). 0.2.
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