Differential Diagnosis in Pediatric Imaging PDF
Preview Differential Diagnosis in Pediatric Imaging
Diff erential Diagnosis in Pediatric Imaging Rick R. van Rijn, MD, PhD Pediatric Radiologist Department of Radiology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands Johan G. Blickman, MD, PhD, FACR, FAAP University Imaging Professor and Associate Chairman Department of Imaging Sciences URMC Radiologist-in-Chief Golisano Children’s Hospital University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York, USA With 1506 illustrations Thieme Stuttgart · New York Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing Diff erentialdiagnostik in der p‰diatrischen Radiologie. English. continual development. Research and clinical experience are con- Diff erential diagnosis in pediatric imaging / [edited by] Rick R. tinually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book men- van Rijn, MD, PhD, Paediatric radiologist, Department of Radiol- tions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the ogy, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The authors, editors, and publishers have made every eff ort to ensure Netherlands, Johan G. Blickman, MD, PhD, FACR, Professor and that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge Associate Chairman, Department of Imaging Sciences URMC, at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, this does Director of Pediatric Radiology, Golisano Childrens Hospital, not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on Rochester, New York. -- Second Edition. the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and p. ; cm. forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested Includes bibliographical references and index. to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leafl ets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a phy- Summary: “Effi ciency is the key word at the heart of the sician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned concept for this diagnostic atlas - effi ciency of presentation and therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers diff er diagnostic effi ciency achieved through its use. The contents from the statements made in the present book. Such examination are arranged in chapters according to organ or body part. Each is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or chapter begins with a list of the radiographic fi ndings referring have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule to the relevant table/page number for that fi nding. The text or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk within these tables is presented under three columns: pos- and responsibility. The authors and p ublishers request every user sible diagnoses, radiographic fi ndings, and general comments. to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies no- ticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will Corresponding sample images of the highest quality are then be posted at www.thieme.com on the product description page. provided for the more common conditions throughout. Rare diseases are marked with asterisks and are illustrated where appropriate. The hard-pressed radiologist will welcome this work as an effi cient and reliable guide to the interpretation of pediatric images”--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-3-13-143711-2 (hardback) 1. Pediatric radiography. 2. Diagnostic ultrasonic imaging. 3. Diagnosis, Diff erential. I. Rijn, Rick R. van, editor. II. Blickman, Johan G., editor. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Diagnostic Imaging. 2. Child. 3. Diagnosis, Dif- ferential. 4. Infant. WN 240] RJ51.R3D5413 2011 616.07’54--dc22 2010052679 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag, This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside http://www.thieme.de the narrowlimits set by copyright legislation, w ithout the pub- Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue, lisher’s consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies New York, NY 10001, USA in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeograph- http://www.thieme.com ing, preparation of microfi lms, and electronic data processing and storage. Some of the product names, patents, and regis- Cover design: Thieme Publishing Group tered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered Typesetting by Maryland Composition, Maryland, USA trademarks or proprietary names even though specifi c refer- ence to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the Printed by Everbest Printing Co Ltd., Hong Kong appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is ISBN 978 3 13 143711 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 in the public domain. Er bestaan geen ouders die niet heimelijk in hun kinderen iets bijzonders zien. En ze hebben gelijk, de mogelijkheden zijn onbeperkt. There are no parents who secretly don’t see something special in their children. Rightly so, their opportunities are endless. Godfried Bomans, Dutch author (1913–1971) vii Contents Contributors ...........................................................................ix Nasal Cavity ..........................................................................380 Preface ...................................................................................xi Nicky Wieselthaler and Tracey Kilborn Abbreviations .......................................................................xiii Oral Cavity ............................................................................384 Nicky Wieselthaler and Tracey Kilborn 1 Thorax, Mediastinum, Heart, and Great Vessels .................1 The Neck ..............................................................................392 Thorax ......................................................................................4 Nicky Wieselthaler and Tracey Kilborn Catherine M. Owens and Alistair D. Calder The Temporal Bone ..............................................................401 Mediastinum ..........................................................................71 Erik J. A. Beek Annick S. Devos, Johan G. Blickman, and Rick R. van Rijn Vertebral Column Imaging Procedures .................................412 Heart and Great Vessels .......................................................115 Allan E. Oestreich Anje M. Spijkerboer and Rick R. van Rijn The Pediatric Vertebral Column ...........................................413 2 The Abdomen and Gastrointestinal Tract .......................139 Allan E. Oestreich Teresa Berrocal Frutos, Gloria del Pozo Garcia, 5 The Skeleton and Soft Tissues ........................................487 and Jose C. Albillos Merino John D. MacKenzie Liver .....................................................................................142 Chest Wall ............................................................................492 Pancreas ...............................................................................160 Pelvis ....................................................................................507 The Spleen ...........................................................................167 Joints ....................................................................................514 The Gastrointestinal Tract ....................................................173 Epiphysis ..............................................................................523 Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity ........................................222 Growth Plate ........................................................................538 Abdominal Masses ...............................................................226 Metaphysis ...........................................................................540 The Acute Abdomen ............................................................229 Diaphysis ..............................................................................551 3 Urogenital Tract ............................................................237 Hands and Feet ....................................................................560 The Kidneys ..........................................................................239 Tumors and Focal Bone, Joint, Albert H. Lam, Thomas H. J. MacDougall, and Soft-Tissue Lesions .........................................................572 Navdeep Walia, and S. Murthy Chennapragada Periosteal Reaction ...............................................................607 Pelvicaliceal System ..............................................................260 Bone Marrow Patterns ..........................................................612 Albert H. Lam, Thomas H. J. MacDougall, Navdeep Walia, and S. Murthy Chennapragada Changes in Bone Density ......................................................616 The Scrotum and Testes .......................................................273 Skeletal Maturation ..............................................................619 David A. Stringer, Jeevish Kapur, and Harvey EL Teo Lethal Dysplasias ..................................................................620 The Adrenal Glands ..............................................................276 Fracture Dating ....................................................................621 David A. Stringer, Jeevish Kapur, and Harvey EL Teo Child Abuse ..........................................................................622 Gynecologic Disorders in Children ........................................281 6 Normal Values ...............................................................625 David A. Stringer, Jeevish Kapur, and Harvey EL Teo Rick R. van Rijn and Simon G. F. Robben 4 Skull, Intracranial Space, and Vertebral Column .............287 Thorax, Mediastinum, Heart, and Great Vessels ...................628 Sutures and Fontanelles .......................................................292 The Abdomen and Gastrointestinal Tract .............................632 Maarten H. Lequin Urogenital Tract ...................................................................640 The Skull Base ......................................................................309 Skull, Intracranial Space, and Vertebral Column ...................649 Maarten H. Lequin The Skeleton and Soft Tissues ..............................................655 The Orbits ............................................................................369 Nicky Wieselthaler and Tracey Kilborn Index ...................................................................................661 To access additional material or resources available with this e-book, please visit http://www.thieme.com/bonuscontent. After completing a short form to verify your e-book purchase, you will be provided with the instructions and access codes necessary to retrieve any bonus content. ix Contributors Jose C. Albillos Merino, MD Tracey Kilborn, MBChB, FRCR Pediatric Radiologist Department of Radiology Head of Radiology Department Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital Unidad Central de Radiodiagnóstico Cape Town, South Africa Hospital Infanta Sofía Madrid, Spain Albert H. Lam, MD, FRANZCR, DDU Senior Staff Specialist Radiologist Erik J. A. Beek, MD, PhD Sydney Children’s Hospital Networks Department of Pediatric Radiology Clinical Professor Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital Sydney Medical School University Hospital Utrecht University of Sydney Utrecht, The Netherlands Sydney , Australia Johan G. Blickman, MD, PhD, FACR, FAAP Maarten H. Lequin, MD, PhD Professor and Associate Chairman Department of Pediatric Radiology Department of Imaging Sciences URMC Erasmus Medical Center Radiologist-in-Chief Rotterdam, The Netherlands Golisano Children’s Hospital University of Rochester Medical Center Thomas H. J. MacDougall, MBBS, FRCR, FRANZCR Rochester, New York, USA Staff Specialist Radiologist John Hunter Hospital Teresa Berrocal Frutos, MD, PhD Newcastle, Australia Department of Radiology Pediatric Radiology Section John D. MacKenzie, MD University Hospital La Paz Assistant Professor and Chief, Pediatric Radiology Madrid, Spain Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California, San Francisco Alistair D. Calder, FRCR San Francisco, California, USA Department of Pediatric Radiology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Allan E. Oestreich, MD London, United Kingdom Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging Cincinnati Children’s Hospital S. Murthy Chennapragada, MBBS, DMRD, DipNB, FRANZCR Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Staff Specialist Radiologist The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Catherine M. Owens, MRCP, FRCR Clinical Senior Lecturer Department of Pediatric Radiology University of Sydney Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Sydney, Australia London, United Kingdom Gloria del Pozo Garcia, MD, PhD Simon G. F. Robben, MD, PhD Associated Professor of Universidad Complutense Department of Radiology Department of Radiology Academic Medical Center Maastricht Pediatric Radiology Section Maastricht, The Netherlands University Hospital Madrid, Spain Anje M. Spijkerboer, MD, PhD Annick S. Devos, MD Department of Radiology Department of Pediatric Radiology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam Erasmus Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands Rotterdam, The Netherlands David A. Stringer, BSc, MBBS, FRCR, FRCPC Jeevish Kapur, MBBS, FRCR Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention Department of Diagnostic Imaging KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
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