Dietary protein and resistance exercise

250 Pages·2012·49.778 MB·English

by  Lonnie Michael Lowery, Jose Antonio, PhD

Dietary Protein and
Resistance Exercise

Dietary Protein and
Resistance Exercise
Edited by
Lonnie Michael Lowery, PhD
Jose Antonio, PhD
Boca Raton London New York
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
Acknowledgments......................................................................................................ix
Editor.Biographies.....................................................................................................xi
Contributors............................................................................................................xiii
Contributor.Biographies............................................................................................xv
Chapter 1 Dietary.Protein.and.Strength.Exercise:.Historical.Perspectives...........1
Peter W. R. Lemon
Chapter 2 Protein.Metabolism:.Synthesis.and.Breakdown.on.a.Cellular.Level....17
Layne E. Norton, Gabriel J. Wilson, and Jacob M. Wilson
Chapter 3 The.Safety.Debate.Regarding.Dietary.Protein.in.Strength.Athletes.....41
Lonnie M. Lowery
Chapter 4 Dietary.Protein.Efficacy:.Dose.and.Peri-Exercise.Timing.................69
Joshua A. Cotter and David Barr
Chapter 5 Dietary.Protein.Efficacy:.Dietary.Protein.Types................................95
Bill Campbell
Chapter 6 Weight.Control.with.Dietary.Protein................................................115
Ronald Mendel
Chapter 7 Protein,.Resistance.Training,.and.Women........................................135
Dawn Anderson and Christin Seher
Chapter 8 Protein’s.Effects.on.Rehabilitation.and.the.Sarcopenia.of.Aging.....153
Troy Smurawa
Chapter 9 Nitrogenous.Compounds.and.Supplements.......................................177
Jamie Landis, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, and Hector L. Lopez
v
vi Contents
Chapter 10 Case.Studies.and.Sports.Application................................................201
Michael T. Nelson, Jonathan N. Mike, and David Barr
Preface
According.to.Dr..Carl.Sagan,.scientific.debates.are.often.settled.not.by.better.argu-
ments.but.by.better.instruments.and.research..You.hold.in.your.hands.a.research.
compendium.that.is.hoped.will.update.and.clarify.the.issues.surrounding.purposeful.
protein.intakes.and.resistance.trainers—especially.strength.athletes..Whether.this.
book,.being.a.central.resource,.will.reduce.the.controversy.is.anyone’s.guess..The.
discussions.and.debates.surrounding.dietary.protein.in.sport,.particularly.for.this.
population,.are.decades.old..They.are,.in.many.respects,.only.recently.being.settled.
But.why.is.there.controversy.or.even.interest?.It.may.have.begun.long.ago.with.
athletes.insisting.on.steak.as.a.pregame.meal..Or.perhaps.Rocky.Balboa’s.ingestion.
of.raw.eggs.helped.ignite.athlete.interest..The.active.carbohydrate.research,.and.con-
cerns.over.dietary.fats,.from.the.1970s.through.the.1990s.sometimes.put.scientists.
and.practitioners.at.odds.with.these.“steak-and-egg”.focused.athletes..During.those.
years,.evidence-based.practice.was.not.yet.in.full.force.and.a.counterculture.to.over-
zealous.athletes.seemed.to.crop.up.
As.time.moved.on,.many.scientists.started.to.slowly.change.their.conclusions.on.
purposeful,.even.ample,.protein.intakes.for.athletes..Stable.isotope.methodologies.
partly.replaced.nitrogen.balance.techniques..A.direct.look.at.resistance.trainers.sug-
gested.they.differed.from.other.populations..The.timing—the.windows.of.oppor-
tunity—that.surround.an.exercise.bout.were.acknowledged.as.important..Different.
protein.types.were.recognized.as.possessing.different.physiological.effects.that.
might.be.used.to.an.athlete’s.advantage.
And.yet,.as.of.the.writing.of.this.book,.introductory.college.textbooks.use.dissua-
sive.language.regarding.dietary.protein,.sometimes.referencing.one.another’s.state-
ments.as.sources.of.evidence..Practitioners.and.health.educators.continue.to.counsel.
athletes.that.their.interest.in.amino.acid.building.blocks.is.misguided,.unnecessary,.
and.even.dangerous.(see.Chapter.3)..There.appears.to.be.a.gap.or.disconnect.between.
scientists.and.the.practitioners.and.educators.of.at.least.some.sports.nutrition.groups.
On.the.opposite.end.of.the.spectrum,.however,.dietary.supplement.companies.
and.the.food.industry.are.spending.large.sums.of.money.to.reach.resistance.train-
ers,.often.with.overly.positive.and.even.exaggerated.marketing.messages..Images.of.
anabolic.hormone-using.athletes.on.the.covers.of.magazines.or.in.advertisements.
imply.that.the.protein.product.they.hold.is.the.reason.for.their.dramatic.physiques..
This.not.only.misleads.many.athletes.and.laypersons,.but.it.also.serves.to.confuse.
them.considering.the.oppositional.messages.that.many.practitioners.provide..What.
can.be.done?
Educating.the.public,.including.both.practitioners.and.strength.athletes,.on.what.
current.science.is.finding.on.this.population.is.our.best.approach..Belief,.dogma,.or.
even.long-embraced.professional.opinions.need.to.be.replaced.with.a.willingness.
to.change.our.conclusions.in.the.light.of.new.scientific.evidence..This.is.not.easy..
With.hundreds.of.new.studies.appearing.daily.in.the.National.Library.of.Medicine’s.
PubMed.database,.it.is.clear.that.many.bodies.of.nutritional.literature.are.evolving..
vii
viii Preface
A.central.resource.on.the.various.protein–athlete.topics.would.be.invaluable..That.
is.what.this.book.is.meant.to.be..It.reviews.the.science-related.history.of.protein.and.
strength.athletes;.it.analyzes.the.mechanisms.being.elucidated.on.what.proteins.do.
in.muscle.cells;.and.it.offers.information.on.protein.efficacy.for.performance,.recov-
ery,.and.body.composition..This.book.also.explores.various.populations.that.employ.
resistance.training.and.dietary.protein.as.interventions..Timing,.type,.and.safety.
data.regarding.liberal.protein.diets.and.related.supplements.are.included..Finally,.the.
book.features.sidebars,.practical.examples,.and.case.studies.translating.the.science.
into.a.practical.understanding.of.various.protein-related.topics.
Jose.Antonio.and.I.hope.you.enjoy.learning.from.this.much.needed,.central.
resource.on.dietary.protein.and.resistance.training..As.you.read,.we.encourage.you.
to.form.your.own.conclusions..Remain.curious,.but.employ.a.high.standard,.weigh-
ing.the.evidence..The.result.is.a.pursuit.of.truth.that.can.only.serve.to.enhance.your.
performance.or.your.practice.
Yours in Health,
Lonnie Lowery
Acknowledgments
First,.I.would.like.to.thank.my.wife,.Kelly.Lowery,.and.son,.Logan,.for.tolerating.
my.countless.hours.in.coffee.shops.during.the.preparation.of.this.book,.and.during.
my.research.and.writing.in.general..You.are.very.precious.to.me..Second,.I.thank.
the.impressive.list.of.authors.in.this.book;.these.mentors,.friends,.and.colleagues.
have.my.sincere.gratitude.for.their.effort,.their.expertise,.and.their.willingness.to.
perform.and.review.objective.research.on.this.sometimes.contentious.topic.
Lonnie Lowery
This.book.is.dedicated.to.all.the.trailblazers.who.embraced.the.science.of.sports.
supplements.in.the.face.of.dogmatic.opposition.from.traditional.academics..Thank.
God.for.those.individuals.who.are.willing.to.think.independently.
Jose Antonio
PHOTO CREDITS AND EDITORIAL
ASSISTANCE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The.editors.would.also.like.to.thank.Chelsea.Anibas,.Phil.Stevens,.Sherry.Hudak,.
Laura.Hemlepp,.Mike.Walker,.Robert.Fortney,.Jim.Heron,.and.Jon.Mike.for.their.
assistance.regarding.a.number.of.the.photos.in.this.book..Also,.special.thanks.to.Eric.
Bernstein.for.his.assistance.in.editing.and.contributing.
ix