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Diet, nutrients, and bone health PDF

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C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Nutrition Anderson Garner DDIIEETT,, DIET, Klemmer NUTRIENTS, D I and BONE E NNUUTTRRIIEENNTTSS,, T , HEALTH N U BBOONNEE aanndd T Edited by R John J.B. Anderson, Sanford C. Garner, I E and Philip J. Klemmer N Squarely in the sights of health professionals as well as the general public, information T HHEEAALLTT HH linking diet to bone health—and our understanding of this information—has rapidly S evolved. Diet, Nutrients, and Bone Health details the latest advances relating diet, dietary , patterns, and specific nutrients to overall bone health throughout the life cycle. a n With contributions from experts in the areas of nutrition, bone function, and medicine, d chapters include research on a variety of bone-related topics including B • Effects of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants O • The importance of calcium and vitamin D N • Dietary requirements, physical exercise, and bioactive hormones • Lifestyle and effects throughout the life cycle E • The role of nutrients in skeletal development and maintenance H • Race and ethnicity as factors in bone health E • Prevention of bone diseases including osteopenia and osteoporosis A This comprehensive reference presents recent advances in research findings and examines L EEddiitteedd bbyy the resulting new schools of thought on the physiology of human bone and the diet–bone T linkage. It provides a one-stop information source on other nutrients and bioactive food JJoohhnn JJ..BB.. AAnnddeerrssoonn components that function in metabolic roles supporting bone accretion and affecting H bone loss under physiological and pathological conditions. K11029 SSaannffoorrdd CC.. GGaarrnneerr 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 PPhhiilliipp JJ.. KKlleemmmmeerr 711 Third Avenue an informa business New York, NY 10017 2 Park Square, Milton Park Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK DIET, NUTRIENTS, BONE and HEALT H DIET, NUTRIENTS, BONE and H E A LT H Edited by John J.B. Anderson Sanford C. Garner Philip J. Klemmer Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20110811 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1956-2 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface...............................................................................................................................................ix Contributors.......................................................................................................................................xi Part I Introduction to Diet and Bone Chapter 1 Overview.of.Relationships.between.Diet.and.Bone......................................................3 John J.B. Anderson Chapter 2 Role.of.Lifestyle.Factors.in.Bone.Health....................................................................17 John J.B. Anderson and Philip J. Klemmer Chapter 3 Bone.Marrow.and.Stem.Cell.Recruitment..................................................................23 Sumithra K. Urs and Clifford J. Rosen Chapter 4 Skeletal.Tissues.and.Mineralization...........................................................................33 Sanford C. Garner and John J.B. Anderson Chapter 5 Optimizing.the.Skeletal.Benefits.of.Mechanical.Loading.and.Exercise....................53 Stuart J. Warden and Robyn K. Fuchs Chapter 6 Hormone.Actions.in.the.Regulation.of.Calcium.and.Phosphorus.Metabolism..........71 David A. Ontjes Chapter 7 Renal.Regulation.of.Calcium.and.Phosphate.Ions....................................................113 Philip J. Klemmer and John J.B. Anderson Part II Effects of Specific Nutrients on Bone Chapter 8 Calcium.and.Bone.....................................................................................................121 John J.B. Anderson, Sanford C. Garner, and Philip J. Klemmer Chapter 9 Inorganic.Phosphorus:.Do.Higher.Dietary.Levels.Affect.Phosphorus. Homeostasis.and.Bone?.............................................................................................141 Mona S. Calvo vii viii Contents Chapter 10 Vitamin.D.and.Bone.................................................................................................157 Michael F. Holick Chapter 11 Vitamin.A.and.Bone.................................................................................................171 Håkan Melhus Chapter 12 Vitamin.K.and.Bone.................................................................................................193 Cees Vermeer and Marjo H.J. Knapen Chapter 13 The.Iron.Factor.in.Bone.Development......................................................................203 Denis M. Medeiros and Erika Bono Chapter 14 Micronutrients.and.Bone...........................................................................................213 Elizabeth Grubert and Jeri W. Nieves Chapter 15 Dietary.Protein’s.Impact.on.Skeletal.Health.............................................................223 Anna K. Surdykowski, Anne M. Kenney, Karl L. Insogna, and Jane E. Kerstetter Chapter 16 Omega-3.Fatty.Acids.and.Bone.Metabolism............................................................233 Bruce A. Watkins, Kevin Hannon, Mark F. Seifert, and Yong Li Chapter 17 Is.There.a.Role.for.Dietary.Potassium.in.Bone.Health?...........................................259 Susan Joyce Whiting Chapter 18 Acid–Base.Balance...................................................................................................271 Susan A. Lanham-New Chapter 19 Antioxidants.and.Bone.Health..................................................................................281 Martin Kohlmeier Part III Effects of Life Cycle Changes on Bone Chapter 20 Diet.and.Bone.Changes.in.Pregnancy.and.Lactation................................................293 Frances A. Tylavsky Chapter 21 Calcium.Intake.Influences.the.Bone.Response.to.Exercise.in.Growing. Children.....................................................................................................................301 Bonny L. Specker, Ramu Sudhagoni, and Natalie W. Thiex Contents ix Chapter 22 Obesity,.Adipose.Tissue, and Bone...........................................................................325 Sue A. Shapses, Norman K. Pollock, and Richard D. Lewis Chapter 23 Exercise.and.Skeletal.Growth...................................................................................369 Adam D.G. Baxter-Jones and R.A. Faulkner Chapter 24 Peak.Bone.Mass:.Influence.of.Nutrition.and.Lifestyle.Variables.............................381 Jennifer L. Bedford and Susan I. Barr Chapter 25 Calcium,.Other.Nutrients,.Exercise,.and.Bone.Health.in.Twins...............................395 John D. Wark Chapter 26 Nutrition.and.Bone.in.Young.Adults.........................................................................403 Christel Lamberg-Allardt and Merja Kärkkäinen Chapter 27 Nutrition.and.Bone.Health.in.Older.Adults..............................................................415 Connie W. Bales, Kenlyn R. Young, and John J.B. Anderson Part IV race, Ethnicity, and Bone Chapter 28 Bone.Growth.in.African.Children.and.Adolescents.................................................433 Ann Prentice, Kate A. Ward, Inez Schoenmakers, and Gail R. Goldberg Chapter 29 Skeletal.Racial.Differences.......................................................................................451 Felicia Cosman and Jeri W. Nieves Chapter 30 Nutrition.and.Bone.Health.of.the.Japanese...............................................................465 Takuo Fujita Chapter 31 Diet.and.Bone.Health.of.the.Chinese.Population......................................................477 Suzanne C. Ho and Yu-ming Chen Part V Osteopenia and Osteoporosis Chapter 32 Prevention.of.Bone.Loss.with.Exercise.....................................................................493 Anna Nordström and Peter Nordström x Contents Chapter 33 The.Bone–Vascular.Axis.in.Chronic.Kidney.Disease..............................................509 Philip J. Klemmer and John J.B. Anderson Chapter 34 Contribution.of.Clinical.Risk.Factors.to.the.Assessment.of.Hip.Fracture.Risk. and.Treatment.Decision.Making...............................................................................517 Guizhou Hu, Martin M. Root, and John J.B. Anderson Part VI Conclusion Chapter 35 Nutrition.and.Bone.Health:.Promotion.of.Bone.Gain.and.Prevention.of.Bone. Loss.across.the.Life.Cycle.........................................................................................531 John J.B. Anderson, Philip J. Klemmer, and Sanford C. Garner Index...............................................................................................................................................541 Preface This.expanded.and.advanced.treatise,.Diet, Nutrients, and Bone,.is.a.follow-up.a.decade.and.a.half. later.of.our.earlier.book,.Calcium and Phosphorus in Health and Disease..Considerable.advances.in. our.knowledge.and.understanding.of.the.roles.of.nutrients.in.skeletal.development.and.maintenance. have.been.made.since.publication.of.that.book.in.1996..The.current.book.is.an.expansion.of.the. earlier.one.and,.in.essence,.an.update..Several.new.topics,.however,.have.been.introduced,.whereas. greater.coverage.has.been.given.to.other.topics..Finally,.based.on.their.own.research.and.expertise,. an.impressive.group.of.scientists.has.made.significant.contributions.to.this.offering.that.is.intended. for.graduate.students.and.established.researchers.in.the.bone.field.and.related.areas.of.investiga- tion..Public.health.aspects.of.bone.health.are.emphasized.in.this.book,.that.is,.health.promotion.and. disease.prevention.from.a.nutritional.perspective.. The.authors.thank.the.following.for.their.assistance.in.various.aspects.of.this.book:.Boyd.R.. Switzer,.Jean.C..Brown,.and.the.reference.staff.of.the.Health.Sciences.Library.at.the.University.of. North.Carolina. John J.B. Anderson Sanford C. Garner Philip J. Klemmer xi

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