Diet, nutrients, and bone health

556 Pages·2011·8.246 MB·English

by  Anderson J., Garner S., Klemmer P. (eds.)

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Nutrition
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DIET,
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NUTRIENTS,
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Squarely in the sights of health professionals as well as the general public, information T
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linking diet to bone health—and our understanding of this information—has rapidly S
evolved. Diet, Nutrients, and Bone Health details the latest advances relating diet, dietary
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patterns, and specific nutrients to overall bone health throughout the life cycle.
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With contributions from experts in the areas of nutrition, bone function, and medicine,
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chapters include research on a variety of bone-related topics including

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• Effects of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants
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• The importance of calcium and vitamin D
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• Dietary requirements, physical exercise, and bioactive hormones
• Lifestyle and effects throughout the life cycle E

• The role of nutrients in skeletal development and maintenance
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• Race and ethnicity as factors in bone health
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• Prevention of bone diseases including osteopenia and osteoporosis
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This comprehensive reference presents recent advances in research findings and examines
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the resulting new schools of thought on the physiology of human bone and the diet–bone
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linkage. It provides a one-stop information source on other nutrients and bioactive food
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components that function in metabolic roles supporting bone accretion and affecting H
bone loss under physiological and pathological conditions.
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DIET,
NUTRIENTS,
BONE
and
HEALT H

DIET,
NUTRIENTS,
BONE
and
H E A LT H
Edited by
John J.B. Anderson
Sanford C. Garner
Philip J. Klemmer
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20110811
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1956-2 (eBook - PDF)
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Contents
Preface...............................................................................................................................................ix
Contributors.......................................................................................................................................xi
Part I Introduction to Diet and Bone
Chapter 1 Overview.of.Relationships.between.Diet.and.Bone......................................................3
John J.B. Anderson
Chapter 2 Role.of.Lifestyle.Factors.in.Bone.Health....................................................................17
John J.B. Anderson and Philip J. Klemmer
Chapter 3 Bone.Marrow.and.Stem.Cell.Recruitment..................................................................23
Sumithra K. Urs and Clifford J. Rosen
Chapter 4 Skeletal.Tissues.and.Mineralization...........................................................................33
Sanford C. Garner and John J.B. Anderson
Chapter 5 Optimizing.the.Skeletal.Benefits.of.Mechanical.Loading.and.Exercise....................53
Stuart J. Warden and Robyn K. Fuchs
Chapter 6 Hormone.Actions.in.the.Regulation.of.Calcium.and.Phosphorus.Metabolism..........71
David A. Ontjes
Chapter 7 Renal.Regulation.of.Calcium.and.Phosphate.Ions....................................................113
Philip J. Klemmer and John J.B. Anderson
Part II Effects of Specific Nutrients on Bone
Chapter 8 Calcium.and.Bone.....................................................................................................121
John J.B. Anderson, Sanford C. Garner, and Philip J. Klemmer
Chapter 9 Inorganic.Phosphorus:.Do.Higher.Dietary.Levels.Affect.Phosphorus.
Homeostasis.and.Bone?.............................................................................................141
Mona S. Calvo
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 10 Vitamin.D.and.Bone.................................................................................................157
Michael F. Holick
Chapter 11 Vitamin.A.and.Bone.................................................................................................171
Håkan Melhus
Chapter 12 Vitamin.K.and.Bone.................................................................................................193
Cees Vermeer and Marjo H.J. Knapen
Chapter 13 The.Iron.Factor.in.Bone.Development......................................................................203
Denis M. Medeiros and Erika Bono
Chapter 14 Micronutrients.and.Bone...........................................................................................213
Elizabeth Grubert and Jeri W. Nieves
Chapter 15 Dietary.Protein’s.Impact.on.Skeletal.Health.............................................................223
Anna K. Surdykowski, Anne M. Kenney, Karl L. Insogna, and Jane E. Kerstetter
Chapter 16 Omega-3.Fatty.Acids.and.Bone.Metabolism............................................................233
Bruce A. Watkins, Kevin Hannon, Mark F. Seifert, and Yong Li
Chapter 17 Is.There.a.Role.for.Dietary.Potassium.in.Bone.Health?...........................................259
Susan Joyce Whiting
Chapter 18 Acid–Base.Balance...................................................................................................271
Susan A. Lanham-New
Chapter 19 Antioxidants.and.Bone.Health..................................................................................281
Martin Kohlmeier
Part III Effects of Life Cycle Changes on Bone
Chapter 20 Diet.and.Bone.Changes.in.Pregnancy.and.Lactation................................................293
Frances A. Tylavsky
Chapter 21 Calcium.Intake.Influences.the.Bone.Response.to.Exercise.in.Growing.
Children.....................................................................................................................301
Bonny L. Specker, Ramu Sudhagoni, and Natalie W. Thiex
Contents ix
Chapter 22 Obesity,.Adipose.Tissue, and Bone...........................................................................325
Sue A. Shapses, Norman K. Pollock, and Richard D. Lewis
Chapter 23 Exercise.and.Skeletal.Growth...................................................................................369
Adam D.G. Baxter-Jones and R.A. Faulkner
Chapter 24 Peak.Bone.Mass:.Influence.of.Nutrition.and.Lifestyle.Variables.............................381
Jennifer L. Bedford and Susan I. Barr
Chapter 25 Calcium,.Other.Nutrients,.Exercise,.and.Bone.Health.in.Twins...............................395
John D. Wark
Chapter 26 Nutrition.and.Bone.in.Young.Adults.........................................................................403
Christel Lamberg-Allardt and Merja Kärkkäinen
Chapter 27 Nutrition.and.Bone.Health.in.Older.Adults..............................................................415
Connie W. Bales, Kenlyn R. Young, and John J.B. Anderson
Part IV race, Ethnicity, and Bone
Chapter 28 Bone.Growth.in.African.Children.and.Adolescents.................................................433
Ann Prentice, Kate A. Ward, Inez Schoenmakers, and Gail R. Goldberg
Chapter 29 Skeletal.Racial.Differences.......................................................................................451
Felicia Cosman and Jeri W. Nieves
Chapter 30 Nutrition.and.Bone.Health.of.the.Japanese...............................................................465
Takuo Fujita
Chapter 31 Diet.and.Bone.Health.of.the.Chinese.Population......................................................477
Suzanne C. Ho and Yu-ming Chen
Part V Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Chapter 32 Prevention.of.Bone.Loss.with.Exercise.....................................................................493
Anna Nordström and Peter Nordström
x Contents
Chapter 33 The.Bone–Vascular.Axis.in.Chronic.Kidney.Disease..............................................509
Philip J. Klemmer and John J.B. Anderson
Chapter 34 Contribution.of.Clinical.Risk.Factors.to.the.Assessment.of.Hip.Fracture.Risk.
and.Treatment.Decision.Making...............................................................................517
Guizhou Hu, Martin M. Root, and John J.B. Anderson
Part VI Conclusion
Chapter 35 Nutrition.and.Bone.Health:.Promotion.of.Bone.Gain.and.Prevention.of.Bone.
Loss.across.the.Life.Cycle.........................................................................................531
John J.B. Anderson, Philip J. Klemmer, and Sanford C. Garner
Index...............................................................................................................................................541
Preface
This.expanded.and.advanced.treatise,.Diet, Nutrients, and Bone,.is.a.follow-up.a.decade.and.a.half.
later.of.our.earlier.book,.Calcium and Phosphorus in Health and Disease..Considerable.advances.in.
our.knowledge.and.understanding.of.the.roles.of.nutrients.in.skeletal.development.and.maintenance.
have.been.made.since.publication.of.that.book.in.1996..The.current.book.is.an.expansion.of.the.
earlier.one.and,.in.essence,.an.update..Several.new.topics,.however,.have.been.introduced,.whereas.
greater.coverage.has.been.given.to.other.topics..Finally,.based.on.their.own.research.and.expertise,.
an.impressive.group.of.scientists.has.made.significant.contributions.to.this.offering.that.is.intended.
for.graduate.students.and.established.researchers.in.the.bone.field.and.related.areas.of.investiga-
tion..Public.health.aspects.of.bone.health.are.emphasized.in.this.book,.that.is,.health.promotion.and.
disease.prevention.from.a.nutritional.perspective..
The.authors.thank.the.following.for.their.assistance.in.various.aspects.of.this.book:.Boyd.R..
Switzer,.Jean.C..Brown,.and.the.reference.staff.of.the.Health.Sciences.Library.at.the.University.of.
North.Carolina.
John J.B. Anderson
Sanford C. Garner
Philip J. Klemmer
xi