Diet Impacts on Brain and Mind PDF
Preview Diet Impacts on Brain and Mind
DIET IMPACTS ON BRAIN AND MIND Everybodyeats,and whatweeat –ordonot–affectsthebrainand mind. There is significant general, applied, academic and industry interest about nutrition and the brain, and yet there is much mis- information and no single reliable guide. Diet Impacts on Brain and Mind provides a comprehensive account of this emerging multi- disciplinary science, exploring the acute and chronic impacts of human diet on the brain and mind. It has a primarily human focus andisbroadinscope,coveringwide-rangingtopics likebraindevel- opment, whole diets, specific nutrients, research methodology and foodasadrug.Itiswritteninanaccessibleformatandisofinterestto undergraduate and graduate students studying nutritional neurosci- enceand related disciplines,healthcareprofessionalswith anapplied interest, industry researchers seeking topic overviews and interested general readers. . wasbornintheUKwherehecompleteda degree in biology, and a master’s degree and a PhD in experimental psychology.AftermovingtoAustralia,hehasworkedinbothapplied andacademicsettings,withacurrentfocusontheimpactsofWestern- styledietsonbrainandappetitivebehaviour.HeiscurrentlyProfessor ofExperimentalPsychologyatMacquarieUniversity,Australia. . is a clinical neuropsychologist, whose research has focused on the links between diet and brain function, particularly in young adults. She is Deputy Director of the Master of Clinical Neuropsychology program at Macquarie University, Australia, and works clinically in the Neurology Department at Royal North ShoreHospital,Australia. Published online by Cambridge University Press Published online by Cambridge University Press DIET IMPACTS ON BRAIN AND MIND RICHARD J. STEVENSON MacquarieUniversity HEATHER M. FRANCIS MacquarieUniversity Published online by Cambridge University Press ShaftesburyRoad,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,thFloor,NewYork,,USA WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,,Australia –,rdFloor,Plot,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–,India PenangRoad,#–/,VisioncrestCommercial,Singapore CambridgeUniversityPressispartofCambridgeUniversityPress&Assessment, adepartmentoftheUniversityofCambridge. WesharetheUniversity’smissiontocontributetosocietythroughthepursuitof education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/ :./ ©RichardJ.StevensonandHeatherM.Francis Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisions ofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytake placewithoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress&Assessment. Firstpublished AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ACataloging-in-PublicationdatarecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ----Hardback ----Paperback CambridgeUniversityPress&Assessmenthasnoresponsibilityforthepersistence oraccuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhis publicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwill remain,accurateorappropriate. Published online by Cambridge University Press Contents List of Figures page viii List of Tables x Preface and Acknowledgements xiii Introduction . Introduction . BasicNutritionalConcepts . BasicsofDigestionandRegulation . Measurement . WhattoIncludeandWhatNottoInclude Pregnancy, Infancy and Development . Introduction . Breastfeeding . WeaningandConsequencesofLackofExposuretoSolidFood . Malnutrition:ImpactsonFoetalandChildDevelopment . Overnutrition . SpecificDeficienciesandSupplementation . Conclusion Acute Effects of Food Intake . Introduction . MealTimes . PreparingtoEat . AcuteEffectsofMacronutrients . Conclusion Chronic Effects of Food Intake: Western-Style Diets . Introduction . WS-DietModels . WS-DietandCognition v Published online by Cambridge University Press vi Contents . EffectsofIndividualNutrientsonCognition . PotentialMechanisms . WS-DietandRiskofPsychiatric,Neurologicaland NeurodegenerativeConditions . Obesity:WeightandMetabolicEffectsonCognition–DietorBrain, orBoth,asCause? . Conclusions Dietary Neurotoxins . Introduction . AcuteDietaryNeurotoxins . ChronicDietaryNeurotoxins . GeneralConclusion Neuroprotective Effects of Diet . Introduction . MediterraneanDiet . DietaryApproachestoStopHypertension(DASH)Diet . Mediterranean-DASHDietInterventionforNeurodegenerative Delay(MIND) . KetogenicDiet . NutritionalComponentsThatMayContributetoNeuroprotection . Conclusions Food-Related Drugs and Food as a Drug . Introduction . Alcohol . Caffeine . Theobromine . Food . GeneralConclusion Starvation and Caloric Restriction in Adults . Introduction . AnimalStudies . HumanStudies Essential Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults . Introduction . Vitamins . Minerals . Macronutrients . Conclusion Published online by Cambridge University Press Contents vii Implications and Conclusions . Introduction . InterestingFindingsandThemesfromChaptersto . FutureDevelopments . GeneralConclusion References Index Published online by Cambridge University Press Figures . Basics of energy metabolism page . Development of the human brain . A person with myxedematous iodine deficiency disorder . Dose-response graph for the effects of glucose on learning and memory . Blood-glucose response across time following consumption of white bread and beans . Neuronal glucose usage. Source: Adapted from data presented in McNay et al. () . Consequences of a WS-diet and its associated health condition . The vicious cycle model of obesity, originally proposed by Davidson and colleagues (Hargrave et al., b), suggests that a WS-diet causes physiological changes to the hippocampus, affecting hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions that are involved in energy intake regulation and subsequently causing increased consumption of this same diet . A sclerotia (black claw) growing out of the seed head of Rye grass . Dairy cow exhibiting splayed stance typical of an animal with bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE) . Upper panel – New cases of BSE in the UK over the last years; lower panel – New cases of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) . Characteristic spongy appearance of the brain on post-mortem of a cow with BSE . Location of the Chisso factory and its discharge pipes . Structural similarity of caffeine and adenosine . Little change in reported hunger during a period of total fast. Source: Data adapted from Silverstone et al. () viii Published online by Cambridge University Press List of Figures ix . Hunger ratings increasing across a fast period. Source: Data adapted from Johnstone () . Ratings of hunger (left panel) and of fullness (right panel) taken at baseline and at follow-up in the control and calorie restriction groups. Source: Data adapted from Anton et al. () . Generation of vitamin B . A person with pellagra . Points of impact (ovals with diagonal lines) of vitamin B deficiency on cellular metabolism and the routes to neuronal cell death . The gums of a person with scurvy . The omega- and fatty acid synthesis pathways Published online by Cambridge University Press
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