Die Expeditionen AN des Forschungsschi The Expeditions ANTA of the Research Vessel

414 Pages·2005·8.8 MB·English

Die Expeditionen AN
des Forschungsschi
The Expeditions ANTA
of the Research Vessel
Herausgegeben von I Edited by
Ulrich Bathmann, Meinhard chulz-Baldes,
Eberhard Fahrbach, Victor Smetacek,
Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten
unter Mitarbeit der Fahrtteilnehmer I
with contributions of the participants
Ber. Polarforsch. 100 (19 92)
-
ISSN 017 6 5027

ANTARKTIS 1x11 -4
20 October 1990 - 13 May 1991
KOORDINATOR/COORDINATOR
Victor Smetacek
ANT IW1: Bremerhaven - Punta Arenas
FAHRTLEITEWCHIEF SCIENTIST
Meinhard Schulz-Baldes
ANT IW2: Punta Arenas - Cape Town
FAHRTLEITEWCHIEF SCIENTIST
Eberhard Fahrbach
ANT IW3: Cape Town - Cape Town
FAHRTLEITEWCHIEF SCIENTIST
Victor Smetacek
ANT IW4: Cape Town - Bremerhaven
FAHRTLEITEWCHIEF SCIENTIST
Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten
LandgestütztA rbeiten auf der König-Georg-Inse
M. Rauschert
The coordinator appreciates the skilful technical assistance
of Ingrid Lukait during the edition of this cruise report.

INHALT 1 CONTENTS
EINLEITUNG ..........................................................................................................................1.
FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................ 2
........................................................................
Fahrtabschnitt ANT 1x11 4
Schwermetalle in diversen Kompartimenten ....................................................... 5
Zielsetzung .................................................................................................................5.
Oberflächenwasse. ..................................................................................................5
Tiefenwasser .............................................................................................................. 5
Voltammetrische Analysen von Oberflächenwasse. ......................................... 6
Spurenmetalle in marinem Regen .........................................................................6
Extraktion und AAS-Analyse ................................................................................... 7
Partikulär Substanz. ...............................................................................................7
Neuston ..................................................................................................................7... ..
Tiefenplankton. .......................................................................................................1. 0
Chlorophyll im Phytoplankton und DMSP in Phytoplankton und
Neuston .................................................................................................................... 11
Mikrozooplankton und Nannoplankton ..............................................................1 2
Tiefenstationen. .....................................................................................................1..2
Phytoplanktonproben. ............................................................................................ 12
Nährstoff-Probe.. ................................................................................................... 14
Oberflächenwasserprobe ................................................................................... 14
Lebendkulturen und Proben von Coccolithophoriden ................................... 17
Mikrozooplanktonproben ..................................................................................... 18
Hydrologie. ............................................................................................................2..0.
Vorläufig Beobachtungen und Ergebnisse ..................................................... 21
Gasförmig Salpetersäure Ammoniak und partikelförmige
Ammoniumnitrat in der Atmosphär. ................................................................... 22
Biogene Schwefelverbindungen und deren Reaktionsprodukte in
Seewasser und mariner Atmosphär ................................................................. 23
Polychlorbiphenyle (PCB). Hexachlorcyclohexan-Isomeren (HCH) und
Hexachlorbenzols (HCB) in der Grundschicht der Troposphär und im
ozeanischen Oberflächenwasse. ....................................................................... 24
Organobromverbindungen in der marinen Troposphär und im
atlantischen Oberflächenwasse. ........................................................................ 26
Messungen von atmosphärische Quecksilber übed em Atlantik .............. 27
Messungen zur spektralen optischen Dicke des Aerosols übeM eer
...................................................................................................................................2. 8
Fernerkundung stratosphärischeS purenstoffe mit Absorptions-Spek-
troskopie im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Spektralbereich ........................... 29
Aktivitäte am neuen Bordrechnersystem währen ANT 1x11 ....................... 30
......................................................................
Fahrtabschnitt ANT 1x12 3 1
Fahrtverlauf und Zusammenfassung ................................................................3.. 1
Itinerary and surnmary .........................................................................................3..6
Physical Oceanography ......................................................................................3..9
Water masses and circulation .............................................................................3. 9
Distribution of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the water column .................5 4
Tritium and Helium measurements .....................................................................5 6
Water level measurements ...................................................................................5 6
Optical properties of sea water .............................................................................5 8
Underway measurements of current profiles. XBTs and the
thermosalinograph ................................................................................................5. 8
Chemistry ................................................................................................................6. 5
Measurements of biogenic sulfur compounds and their reaction
products in sea water and the marine atmosphere ..........................................6 5
Measurements of the concentration of Nitric acid. Ammonia and
Ammonium Nitrate in the marine atmosphere. .................................................6. 6
Organobromine compounds in the ocean and atmosphere ...........................6 6
Biogeochemistry of Silica. ..................................................................................... 68
Biogeochemistry of Barium ..................................................................................7. 0
Marine Biology ........................................................................................................ 71
Energy flux at the base of the Antarctic food web ............................................. 71
Phytoplankton biomass and species distribution .............................................7 2
DMS .P roduction by Antarctic phytoplankton species .................................... 73
Effect of dissolved organic compounds derived from "brown ice" On the
development of surface phytoplankton in the Weddell Sea ........................... 75
Reproduction and Iife cycles of dominant copepods in the Weddell
Sea ............................................................................................................................8 0
Comparative studies On the temperature dependence and kinetics of
digestive enzymes in crustaceans ....................................................................8..2.
32Si applied to marine biology. ............................................................................ 83
Marine Geology .....................................................................................................8..4
Bathymetry ........................................................................................................8..4.. ...
Sediment distribution ............................................................................................. 86
Particle flux in the water colurnn .........................................................................8. 8
Stable isotopes in the water colurnn ...................................................................9 0
Natural radioactive isotopes in the water column. ............................................ 90
Postinstallation work on the computer system .................................................. 91
Weather cnnditions ................................................................................................. 92
Ice conditions ......................................................................................................9..3.. .
Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................9..4... .
......................................................................
Fahrtabschnitt AN?' 1x13 9 5
1 . Einleitung .........................................................................................................9..5.. ....
1 . Introduction ...........................................................................................................1. 01
2 . Weather conditions. ............................................................................................. 105
;
3 . Ice observations in the eastern Weddell and Lazarev Seas ........................ 107
4 . Water column studies. ........................................................................................1..2 5
4.1 . Physical oceanography .....................................................................................1..2 5
4.1 . 1 Oceanographic tracer studies .........................................................................1..4. 2
4.1.2. Measurements of turbulent fluctuations of temperature and
current velocity at long ice stations. ................................................................... 143
4.1.3. Sea ice motion and mixed layer dynamics by meteorological ARGOS
buoys. .............................................................................................................1..4..3.. ...
4.2. Sea ice and plankton ecology ............................................................................1 43
4.2.1 . Sea ice physics and chemistry ......................................................................1..4..4.
4.2.2 Sea ice ecology ................................................................................................1..4..6
4.2.3. Water column ecology .......................................................................................1..6 3
4.3. Plankton experiments .......................................................................................1..8. 0
4.3.1. Experiments with natural algal populations frorn water and sea ice ........... 180
4.3.2. Zooplankton .........................................................................................................1.. 82
Benthos. ................................................................................................................1.. 85
Macrozoobenthos ecology ..............................................................................1..8..5
The use of Hydrosweep data for biological sampling activities ................... 188
Faunistic-ecological investigations by means of underwater
photography. .........................................................................................................1. 89
Macrofauna sampling and in-situ observation with the multibox corer
...............................................................................................................................1..9 2
Preliminary subsample evaluation from AGT and GSN catches ................. 193
Studies On the benthic molluscs (Gastropoda and Bivalvia). ....................... 196
Amphipod biology. ..........................................................................................1..9..9..
Distribution and reproductive biology of caridean shrirnps (Decapoda:
Natantia) in the Lazarev Sea. and comparisons with the Weddell Sea
...............................................................................................................................2..0. 0
Ecohistological studies On Antarctic benthic invertebrates. .......................... 204
Meiofauna and rnicrofauna ................................................................................. 206
Rhizopodan protists and nematodes at the sediment surface and in
sea ice. .................................................................................................................... 206
Cornparative investigations On fishes of the Weddell and the Lazarev
Seas ........................................................................................................................ 208
6 . Geology .................................................................................................................. 223
6.1 . Marine-geological and geophysical investigations. ....................................... 223
6.1 . 1. Glaciomarine sedimentary processes in the Weddell and Lazarev
Seas ....................................................................................................................2...2. 3
6.1.2. Physical properties of the sediments and other geophysical
investigations. .......................................................................................................2. 45
6.2. Bathymetry and Seafloor Mapping by Hydrosweep ...................................... 246
6.2.1. Depth and Navigation Data Evaluation, Processing and Seafloor
Mapping. ...............................................................................................................2..4 6
6.2.2. Sea Floor Topography in Selected Areas (Exarnples) .................................. 248
6.2.3. Future Research and Development Work ........................................................ 254
6.3. Geochemistty ......................................................................................................... 257
6.3.1. Uranium-series radionuclides in the water column ........................................2 57
6.3.2. The carbonate system. .........................................................................................2 58
....................................................................
Fahrtabschnitt ANT 1x14 262
1. Zusammenfassung und Fahrtverlauf ................................................................ 262
2 . Summary and ltinerary .......................................................................................2. 69
3 . Das Wetter währen ANT-1x14 ........................................................................... 272
4 . Bathymetrische und sedimentechographische Profilmessungen ............... 274
4.1 Bathymetrie und Meeresbodenkartierung mit Hydrosweep ......................... 274
4.2. Sedimentechographie ........................................................................................2. 79
Marin-geologische und sedimentphysikalische Arbeiten ............................. 285
Geräteeinsat und Probennahme ..................................................................... 285
Sedimentphysikalische Untersuchungen .......................................................2. 88
Messung der magnetischen Suszeptibilitä.. ................................................... 288
Messung des elektrischen Widerstandes ........................................................ 289
Sedimentologische Untersuchungen ............................................................... 292
Beprobung von Sedimentkernen ...................................................................... 292
Sedimentbeschreibung ....................................................................................... 293
Porzellanitbeprobung .......................................................................................... 301
Tonmineralogie ..................................................................................................... 301
Barytakkumulation im Oberflächensedime.n.. ................................................ 302
Rekonstruktion von Oberflächentemperature mit Hilfe von Ketonen
.................................................................................................................................. 303
Paläontologisch Bearbeitung von Sedimentproben ................................... 303
Diatomeen und Radiolarien. ............................................................................... 303
Benthische Foraminiferen und stabile Isotope. ............................................... 305
Stratigraphische Ergebnisse ............................................................................3..0 7
6 . Untersuchungen in der Wassersäul ............................................................... 311
6.1 CTD-Messungen. .................................................................................................. 311
6.2. Plankton. ................................................................................................................. 313
6.2.1. Planktonuntersuchungen .................................................................................... 313
6.2.2. Mikrozooplankton und Nannoplankton ............................................................ 317
6.3. Verankerungsarbeiten und Sedimentfallen .................................................... 325
7 . Spurenstoffe in der maritimen Atmosphär und Hydrosphär ....................3 27
7.1. SchwerflüchtigO rganochlorverbindungen in der troposphärische
Grundschicht und im Oberflächenwasse. ....................................................... 327
7.2. Organobromverbindungen in der marinen Troposphär und im
atlantischen Oberflächenwasse. ...................................................................... 328
8 . Untersuchungen zum Nahrungsverhalten und zur Aktivitä
hochantarktischer Garnelen (Decapoda: Natantia) ........................................ 329
Landgestützt biologische Arbeiten auf
...........
der König-Georg-Inse (Südshetlandinseln Antarktis) 333
Einleitung .............................................................................................................3..3. 3
Summary .............................................................................................................3..3..3
Faunistischlokologische Arbeiten im Benthal der Maxwellbucht und der
Fildes.Straß ........................................................................................................3..3 5
Technik. Methodik ................................................................................................3. 35
Quantitative Probennahmen ..............................................................................3. 35
Qualitative Probennahmen. ................................................................................3. 36
Bodenmorphologie und Bodenbesiedlung ....................................................3..3 6
Sapropel-Indikator ...............................................................................................3. 37
Bemerkungen zur Polychaetenfauna ................................................................3 38
Bemerkungen zur Amphipodenfauna ..............................................................3. 39
Untersuchungen am Adeliepinguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) und am
Esels.p inguin (Pygoscelis papua) auf Ardley Island (King George
Island Antarktis) im Südsomme1 990191. .......................................................3 43
Anhang 1: Station lists ................................................................................................ 345
ANT IW1 ..................................................................................................... 345
ANT IW2 ..................................................................................................... 345
ANT IW3 ..................................................................................................... 349
ANT IW4 ..................................................................................................... 358
Anhang 2: Core destriptions ...................................................................................... 361
ANT IW3 ..................................................................................................... 362
ANT IW4 ..................................................................................................... 379
Anhang 3: Participating Institutions .......................................................................... 397
Anhang 4: Ship's Crew ............................................................................................... 400
Anhang 5: Participants ................................................................................................ 401