Dictionary of World Biography. Volume 2. The Middle Ages PDF
Preview Dictionary of World Biography. Volume 2. The Middle Ages
Dictionary of World Biography The Middle Ages Dictionary of World Biography The Ancient World The Middle Ages The Renaissance The 17th and 18th Centuries The 19th Century, 2 volumes The 20th Century, 3 volumes Index Dictionary of World Biography Volume 2 The Middle Ages Frank N. Magill, editor Christina J. Moose, managing editor Alison Aves, researcher and bibliographer Mark Rehn, acquisitions editor 1 ~ Routledge ~ ~ Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK © Copyright 1998 by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Dictionary of World Biography is a copublication of Routledge, Inc. Published by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Library of Congress Cataioging-in-Publication Data Dictionary of world biography / editor, Frank N. Magill; managing editor, Christina J. Moose; researcher and bibliographer, Alison Aves; acquisitions editor, Mark Rehn. v.cm. A revision and reordering, with new entries added, of the material in the thirty vols. comprising the various subsets designated "series" published under the collective title: Great lives from history, 1987-1995. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: v.2. The middle ages. ISBN 0-89356-314-5 (v.2 : alk. paper) ISBN 0-89356-273-4 (set: alk paper) 1. Biography. 2. World history. I. Magill, Frank Northen, 1907-1997. ll. Moose, Christina J., 1952- . Ill. Aves, Alison. IV. Great lives from history. CTlO4.D54 1998 920.02--dc21 97-51154 CIP British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. Routledge ISBN 1-57958-041-6 First Published in the U.K. and U.S., 1998 Cover design by Peter Aristedes. Publisher's Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent. CONTENTS Publisher's Note· ..................................................................... vii Contributing Essayists· ................................................................. ix List of Entrants· ...................................................................... xv DICTIONARYO F WORLD BIOGRAPHY: The Middle Ages ............................... 1 Indices Area of Achievement· ............................................................... 1035 Geographical Location· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1041 Name Index· ...................................................................... 1045 Photography Credits· ................................................................ 1051 PUBLISHER'SN OTE The Dictionary of World Biography, Volume II: The Middle Ages is the second installment in a projected ten volume series covering the lives of important personages from the ancient world through the twentieth century. This new series is a revision and reordering of Salem Press's thirty-volume Great Livesfrom History series. The contents of the various Great Lives from History sets have been integrated and then rearranged from a geographical perspective into a chronological one, combining biographies of important people from allover the world into individual titles each covering an era. The existing essays are enhanced by the addition of new entries, updated bibliographies, a new page design, and illustrations. The Middle Ages, volume 2 of the dictionary, gathers 259 essays from the Great Lives from History series and adds 19 new biographies, creating a total of 278 essays. The date of A.D. 450 was selected by the editors as the cutoff between the ancient world and the middle ages; the year 1400 was chosen as the dividing line between the middle ages and the Renaissance. Biographies spanning two eras were moved into the period that best encompassed the subject's life's work or major accomplishments. The articles in this series range from two thousand to three thousand words in length and follow a standard format. Each article begins with ready-reference listings, including a brief statement summarizing the individual's contribution to his or her society and later ages. The body of the article is divided into three parts. "Early Life," the first section, provides facts about the individual's upbringing and the environment in which he or she was reared, setting the stage for the heart of the article, the section entitled "Life's Work." This section consists of a straightforward account of the period during which the individual's most significant achievements were made. The concluding section, the "Summary," is not a recapitulation of what has been discussed but rather an overview of the individual's place in history. Each essay is supplemented by an annotated, evaluative bibliography, a starting point for further research. The temporal and geographical scope of The Middle Ages volume is broad. Represented here are figures as distant as Odoacer, a fifth century leader of the Huns, and as recent as Jan Hus, a Czech religious reformer martyred in 1415; the selection spans the Eastern and Western hemispheres. The editors have sought to provide coverage that is broad in area of achievement as well as geography while at the same time including the recognized shapers of history. Major world leaders appear--emperors, conquerors, kings, and khans-as well as giants of religious faith: popes, priests, mystics, saints, and theologians who left their imprints on our political as well as spiritual institutions. Also included are scholars, philosophers, scientists, explorers, and artists-all of them architects of today' s civilization. While each volume in the Dictionary ofW orld Biography has its distinctive qualities, several features distinguish this series as a whole from other biographical reference works. The articles combine breadth of coverage with a format that offers the user quick access to the particular information needed. For convenience of reference, this volume is indexed by area of achievement and by geographical location as well as by name. The tenth volume of the series will provide a comprehensive index to all previous volumes, allowing users access to the biographies of all the figures covered, from the ancient world through the twentieth century. We would like to extend our appreciation to all those involved in development and production of this series. Each essay has been written by an academician who specializes in the area of discussion; without their expert contribution, a project of this nature would not be possible. A full list of contributors and their affiliations appears in the front matter of this volume. vii
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