Pictionary of the Piddle Ages AMERICAN COUNGILOF FRARNED SOCIENIES The Ameria Couns of Learned Solis, orgenizad in 1919 forthe purpose of advancing the sry of the humanists and oF ke humane tects of the sia sciences sa nouprolefedention compaining farbfve national scholarly grouns ‘he Council seprenans the hte nthe United Stes nthe Fecha Usish of Acedeties, provides fllonthips and gets o-i, syppors research na-pionaing, ‘confecentes and symposia and sponkon special projec an schalaly publications Sawin oxcaazanoss aincean kes SoceTY 5 aounkannte unworn as sic rm Mucus weguacn cor ier sriceas owns oo AMERICAN PRELOLSIG. 2% ASSOCIATION, Gd ‘Shire oF once teRarUnee Shundan crore snes ee ‘SG teow soci rong hinuean fouruoRe octet AMPRICAN PSYCHE OCA! asSICIa ION. 32 ARG Stustor aircon eo Shania naasomon isons ssieafam aermarotecsest nBOeasto it Saucier scene ceo ee niticonaninea toe Y Oren ee sfeoe ee oF ances cane rer ote see spin wafer Seferraar Oa atk RERMEMIC A ACHMESEY OF LEUICRIN soli ok annseca sonst ben MOM stony aca oe sh “otra ebm as Sie saris sso nok PAN SEL CP Sre NCATE a Starner Soar oF se ere ors anni sor ror Leste emia SSG fae Meron Or TaetNoLoe, Pak ns Dictionaru of the Wliddle Ages JOSEPH R.STRAYER, apr7or sn CHIee Volume 9 MYSTERY RELIGIONS—POLAND CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS + NEW YORK opariah #98 Americ Couto legmed xi Lirary of Congres atlonng sa vues Data ‘Malena le ietinary of he Mie Incl ogarnes nnd hale Ages Dicom Stayer ove Res 138 Diving 1882 seo sain IsQw tance eth (SEN fase eR 2 pareretran trea ISBN oad 7073. 3 BBN Gest thielest St IBN OserUN84 3 ISM a8 ep 71 (GEN WS Bare a) Fh GosbetBz750 9) Publi siolencomly a Canada iy Calis Mactan Cad Pe [capriinde he Hen cern doe eee No pro ite tng eeprom chore etiam of Chal Seer Sone LasrsuAIsiN® Mec wensetn2tobKa2 “The Bvtlonars of he Medel Ager st Ren ese th sour om the aaa Endovenen Fo te nates, “Te gor thc ek es the pling or permanence ad duabiay of he Cometinee roti Gili or ack Longe 9 he Cota on lbrcy esout dap toned by Sse Lchsman Liitorial Board “THEODORE M. ANDERSSON, Stanford Univarsiry NINA G, GARSOIAN, Colima Unovaty HERBERT L. KESSLER, ‘the Johns Hophine Universey JOHN LEVERLE, Unibersity of Torona ARAM L. UDDWITGH, Painceom Uinwertty Advisorn Committee GUSTAVE ALEF, Univarity nf Orgone JEANETTE M. A. REER, Purse Unconsty THOMAS NL. BISON, Univer’ of Calforme, Revises JEAN ORY, Undveraty of California, Bares JAMES B BURKE, Chacersity of Yoromto ANGUS F. CAMERON, Uniearity of Tore MARK COMEN, Pesteton Unussty E-TATROT DONALESON, Indlone Hosen ANN DOOLEY, Dalopraty of Govanio D. | GEANAKOPLOS, Yate Unmerly RRVIN [HARTY Teople University ANDREW HUGHES, Linwerity of Torowte WT, 1. JACKSON, Cohonbea Univerary RODPRT #. LERNER, No 1K M LUMIANSKY, American Compe f Learned Societe THOMAS bs MATHERYS, Nour Vouk Uuioersity ARYAN S, MERRILEES, Uni HELMLT NICKEL, Metropolis Musca uf Ast KENIWETH 0, OSTRAND, tnibartiy of Nr Orleans ROGER F. REYNOLDS, Unersty of Torco TIMOTHY &. ROBERTS, foffarson City Mc] Hiph Sebeot FRANZ ROSENTIAL, Yale Carvers, XENNETH M, SETEDN lsticue tor Aduunced Ss, Benceton ECKEHARD SIMON, Harvard Unceraty PRIBCI.LA P. SOUCEK, New Yar Unersiey FA SYINAN, Uinioeriy of Torani BRIAN TIERNEY, Carell University KARE DAVID UITT), Pexcecon University CRAIG RL VITTEVOR, Pale ao {Cut Cay Shoots LYNN WHITE, Je, Unicseney of Cuiforia, Low sxgelee husstors Unversity vty ef Toranto Fiitorial Suff JOHN F, FITAPATRICK, MANAGING EDITOR JONATHAN G. ARRTAIIS, levers Lebar DANIEL J, CALTO, Rutueral Ait NORMA FRANKEL, Assoetzte Laitor SANDRA B, KNIGHT, Adhindnraton Assistant ANTU MARLIMAR, Frodection Manager BRTH ANN MeCABE, Senior Edienal Assistant DAVID]. BAULN Assistant Powe Boer SEFFRTY L, BHNEKE, Assuiewe Beton LESLEY ANN BENEKE, Ascoviate Bator ILENE. COMEN, Associate Lor EDWARD FERRARO. EMILY GARLIN, Craciteder GUOFEREY B. GNEUMS, Aesiront Editor ROWER HALARZ, Assriate Lato ROBERT KHAYCRAPY, Nepoiate Eaton PAMELA NICELY, Asian tar 1W, KIRK REYNOLDS, Ronnies JACK RUMMEL, Pronfoedes IRINA RYEACEK, Acsosine Fite SAM VANENDADS, Precfrouder DEGBIB TAYLOR, Phose titeor TERERCE WALZ, Ascucate ior WILLIAM R WEST, Aussie Llicr ELIZABETH |, WILSON, Asmncore atte G. MICHAEL McGINLEY, DIRECTOR, REFERENCE BOOKS DIVISION soca E Contributors to Wolume g WOLLIAR! ¥, ADAMS ‘sine of Kemscky Rueie nOROTHY JERI ‘Srna, Cabins Param MANSOUR LATA. Pnctet Linarity Nani a cnsave a1 Ur of Sovenanet 7 TEONONE ML ANDERSSON Sunol Unto, ‘Nitshtuneest ies: Noss, tinge’ Secte, Opa Ak Gs AVERY ANDREWS Geors ashngt 0 Wagon, De oua-caata MICHAEL ARLIOLD ee emg ‘city Eure og YOM To¥ Assis Tebrov Snug offre Gsman owe Joss Laos avoavAn Libary of Congress Fea ean Tanase PeTER 5 awn Uobeoble Unast Rivers ite SUSAN Man Sieweane ‘eHERE Harley nny of Westen nat Nuts ROLARSOU OURS We, BALD IN “The fabs Hophine Ucerait Suave * TOUS W asRKCR Unveany of Wea Rigoaed Revista aL BARI, “Non Dan mk Pact, Ceainonat ors Our ‘Sergey one we Bonn, rene Be Guan size magia Tee ton Enersty Ni OMNI F MENROSIAN Onntaras, Sa anos JEAYETTE M. A, WEEK Dandie Vanity Diuswp Lincusers Pear Trewern HAL atiNseT leben rivers of Joa New Cuaitaat HANS HEY ERAN SEN ‘onge Deira Pras Shea Broce, ALOO $, prtNARDO Sate ean of Re Yoo at Binge LIONEL HER Brooks Cage ‘Mages Rustam Same JANE BStsOP Thecsia f Pore THOMAS, sGons Unley of ado Bentley Pasce Ge Cin, "have or Go ROOLRY J. BLANCH None Unitsety Pasa CALVIN M. HOW inborn Nar Dae EDMUND 4, BOWLES Saw SeILLIAS M-BgwY ears 9 Clore Many sore Pama enarene DENIS M BRADLEY ‘Wosruin Euvorane ro Min ‘Tourn Cron STENIEN F. uaows estan Clee roar aroma, Pusnonoone ta Tan ata moma: ve Manta KAVIN BROWNECE Dartnoweh Cates Poncine pr Rta LESLIE pata KR Waeion Cate Sram 8 tao, Meo CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 9 ing; Pander Fates Parco isnrve -PkaNools BucKTTR Pony Sh Soe Ponta Fao RICHARD 96, BLLLIST ambi Linsey ROBERT W. RURCHFLELD ‘Daferd Egos Ditmas Sarena CHARLES Sb AMET ‘Ranh ina, soe Pra Tyots Dak HDA ‘Yogi Potable badass Uy Baten fous Ox RORERT G. CALGNS ‘Boies Panonane DRMIBL CALLA Si Phorm hans Colege Plesvisy, Wisttns Conuter AVAKSL CAMERON King Calg, Devers of Peay Tasca Grom FAM SS F CRI MEY Uawrony of Massrebuts, fethee Nonna GRETRL CHAPMAN SMe Vie COUN cHast ioareey of Toronto, Core {ov Nevo sates, Baus Deacon CHARLES D, chav, ‘Nadas, Moses MARJORIF CHUXALL "Caulidge Yaa Games Vrs v. chmustions esis suse CAKOL |. CLOVER Nits Seon: Norss Foveise MARK &, COHEN Peiseton Unieaty SNxbing las ae; Ns Prone arnie foa SIDNEY L CoN ‘sae ete [ucerety ‘Sse Fino eHOMaS HL CONSOLE Unt of Pannier ‘Buu Row Cae J AVRENGE | CONRAD "Te ellen fxtiut or the tion af edzne Regn Praques na staan ove DRT HOS J. CONSTANTS Stet sae Party {OUR J. CONT REN Perky Unie urea 08 Pe MADELEINE Pepe COSMAN (iy alge of ee Yr Posanarsraa WILLIAM J. COURTENAY Daseiy of Waren Rowmmatiay, Ooms, Winuwor oF DMARD | cOMRE ‘pedo op Cush, Owario Paxuuneene, Scores GLENS Me CRORE ssey Une, Nem Zeid AERNAKD CULES, "Tae ace Unity of Precis JOM DANN sore Unnsty of fran [esse RIAN EO x MICHAEL £ Davis Siow doles Colige aston outs Paes benes Umer, Sng Berk ton Puacarrins, Promes Gar Nog Man wats ‘Merton Cage Ocford PELE E DEMBOWSE Unienty of Gea Pinca Monte LDGY UF SAANURLIAN, eatin Asan OO YL.IAM J pesuanD "lane Shes Petco WACHIANG njoKADrE Union Sale Garp, Ae Ninoat iva, be seARILENN’ DONS “Cobb Unis Prosar Steve Ans DOOLEY 1 Meats Collage, rors ronnie, Sto fas, G vitae, Voneracie Mons S bausess Gornarcn los } Bécven, Muuubact onanaee KATHERINE FISCHER DREW ‘Rice Uso Soeneany Ostmocorns DIANE L, DROS Tinea of Tanto Co for Medel Sse free ‘WILLIAM ICSE DURA, J. Tasso, Neat ‘wr las pENeHY ‘Sh Misa Ctegs, Uniceray ern Patearceter anu Tanai Trwresynecstin Coast RICHARD A. DWYER rede aera! vet ‘up ie me Miuoee Aare