Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics

913 Pages·2011·6.39 MB·English

by  Joel B. Green

DIC T IONA RY
of S C R I P T U R E
and E T H IC S

D I C T I O N A R Y
S C R I P T U R E
of
E T H I C S
and
J O E L B. G R E E N
GENER A L EDITOR
JACQUELINE E. LAPSLEY, REBEKAH MILES, AND ALLEN VERHEY
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
K
© 2011 by Baker Publishing Group
Published by Baker Academic
a division of Baker Publishing Group
P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287
www.bakeracademic.com
Printed in the United States of America
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The
only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dictionary of scripture and ethics / Joel B. Green, general editor ; Jacqueline E. Lapsley, Rebekah Miles, and Allen
Verhey, associate editors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8010-3406-0 (cloth)
1. Ethics in the Bible—Dictionaries. 2. Christian ethics—Biblical teaching—Dictionaries. I. Green, Joel B., 1956–
II. Lapsley, Jacqueline E., 1965– III. Miles, Rebekah, 1960– IV. Verhey, Allen.
BS680.E84D53 2011
241.2—dc23 2011017242
Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from the Scripture quotations labeled NEB are from The New English
New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989, Bible. Copyright © 1961, 1970, 1989 by The Delegates of Oxford
by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council University Press and The Syndics of the Cambridge University
of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used Press. Reprinted by permission.
by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled NET are from the NET BIBLE®,
Scripture quotations labeled GNT are from the Good News copyright © 2003 by Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. www.net
Translation—Second Edition. Copyright © 1992 by American bible.com. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Bible Society. Used by permission.
Scripture quotations labeled NIV are from the HOLY BIBLE,
Scripture quotations labeled KJV are from the King James Ver- NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright
sion of the Bible. © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission of
Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com
Scripture quotations labeled Message are from The Message
by Eugene H. Peterson, copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 2000, Scripture quotations labeled NLT are from the Holy Bible, New
2001, 2002. Used by permission of NavPress Publishing Group. Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2007 by Tyndale
All rights reserved. House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Pub-
lishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled NAB are from the New American
Bible with Revised New Testament © 1986, 1970 Confraternity Scripture quotations labeled RSV are from the Revised Standard
of Christian Doctrine, Washington, DC, and are used by permis- Version of the Bible, copyright 1952 [2nd edition, 1971] by the
sion of the copyright owner. All rights reserved. No part of the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of
New American Bible may be reproduced in any form without the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used
permission in writing from the copyright owner. by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled NASB are from the New American Scripture quotations labeled TNIV are from the Holy Bible, To-
Standard Bible®, copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, day’s New International Version®. TNIV®. Copyright © 2001,
1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. 2005 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission of Zondervan. All
Used by permission. rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
List of Contributors vii
List of Abbreviations xv
Introduction 1
Joel B. Green
Ethics in Scripture 5
Allen Verhey
Scripture in Ethics: A History 13
Charles H. Cosgrove
Scripture in Ethics: Methodological Issues 27
Bruce C. Birch
Entries 35
List of Entries 857
Scripture Index 861
v

CONTRIBUTORS
Adam, A. K. M. PhD, Duke University. Lecturer in Birch, Bruce C. PhD, Yale University. Professor of Old
New Testament, University of Glasgow. Information Testament, Emeritus, Wesley Theological Seminary.
Technology Justice; 1–2 Samuel; Scripture in Ethics: Method-
ological Issues
Adam, Margaret B. PhD candidate, Duke University.
Visiting Assistant Professor of Theology, Loyola Blanchard, Kathryn D. PhD, Duke University. As-
University Maryland. Compassion sistant Professor of Religious Studies, Alma Col-
lege. Family Planning; Jealousy and Envy; Welfare
Adams, Samuel L. PhD, Yale University. Assistant
State
Professor of Biblical Studies, Union Presbyterian
Seminary. Sirach; Wisdom of Solomon Bock, Darrell L. PhD, University of Aberdeen. Re-
search Professor of New Testament Studies and
Adeney, Frances. PhD, Graduate Theological Union.
Professor of Spiritual Development and Culture,
William A. Benfield Jr. Professor of Evangelism and
Dallas Theological Seminary. Blasphemy
Global Mission, Louisville Presbyterian Theological
Seminary. Comparative Religious Ethics Boda, Mark J. PhD, Cambridge University. Professor
of Old Testament, McMaster Divinity College. Pro-
Arnold, Bill T. PhD, Hebrew Union College—Jewish
fessor, Faculty of Theology, McMaster University.
Institute of Religion. Paul S. Amos Professor of Old
Haggai; Zechariah
Testament Interpretation, Asbury Theological Sem-
inary. Divination and Magic Boer, Theo A. PhD, Utrecht University. Associate of
Ethics Institute, Utrecht University; Associate Pro-
Baker, Mark D. PhD, Duke University. Associate Pro-
fessor of Ethics, Protestant Theological University,
fessor of Mission and Theology, Mennonite Breth-
Utrecht. Euthanasia
ren Biblical Seminary. Atonement
Boyd, Greg. PhD, Princeton Theological Seminary.
Baker, William R. PhD, University of Aberdeen. Pro-
Senior Pastor, Woodland Hills Church, St. Paul.
fessor of New Testament, Cincinnati Christian
Evil; Powers and Principalities
University Graduate School. Slander
Bratton, Susan Power. PhD, Cornell University; PhD,
Bandstra, Barry. PhD, Yale University. Professor of
University of Texas at Dallas. Chair of Environmen-
Religion, Hope College. Concubinage
tal Science, Professor of Environmental Studies,
Banks, Robert. PhD, Cambridge University. Associate Baylor University. Population Policy and Control
of the Centre for the Study of the History and Ex-
Brawley, Robert L. PhD, Princeton Theological Sem-
perience of Christianity, Macquarie University.
inary. Professor of New Testament Emeritus, Mc-
Time, Use of
Cormick Theological Seminary. Acts; John; Luke;
Bashaw, Jennifer Garcia. PhD candidate, Fuller Theo- Mark; Matthew
logical Seminary. Martyrdom; Persecution
Bretzke, James T., SJ. STD, Pontifical Gregorian
Beach-Verhey, Timothy A. PhD, Emory University. University, Rome. Professor of Moral Theology,
Pastor, Faison Presbyterian Church. Covenantal Boston College School of Theology and Ministry.
Ethics; Law, Uses of; Responsibility; Self-Denial; Casuistry; Natural Law; Roman Catholic Moral
Vocation Theology
Beaton, Richard. PhD, University of Cambridge. Prin- Brower, Kent. PhD, The University of Manchester.
cipal of De Pree Leadership Center, Associate Pro- Senior Research Fellow and Vice-Principal, Naza-
fessor of New Testament, Fuller Theological Sem- rene Theological College. Holiness; Legalism; Righ-
inary. Leadership, Leadership Ethics teousness
Berquist, Jon L. PhD, Vanderbilt University. Executive Brown, Nicholas Read. PhD candidate, Fuller Theo-
Editor for Biblical Studies, Westminster John Knox logical Seminary. Visiting Professor, Loyola Mary-
Press. Incarnation mount University. Sodomy
Biddle, Mark E. DTheol, University of Zurich. Russell Brown, William P. PhD, Emory University. Professor
T. Cherry Professor of Old Testament, Baptist Theo- of Old Testament, Columbia Theological Seminary.
logical Seminary at Richmond. Sin Creation, Biblical Accounts of
vii
Contributors
Brownlee, Jay. Service User Representative, Scottish Cohick, Lynn H. PhD, University of Pennsylvania. As-
Personality Disorder Network. Self-Harm sociate Professor of New Testament, Wheaton Col-
lege. Headship
Bruckner, James K. PhD, Luther Seminary. Professor
of Old Testament, North Park Theological Sem- Conklin-Miller, Jeffrey. ThD student, Duke Divinity
inary. Health School. Excommunication
Burridge, Richard A. PhD, University of Nottingham. Conley, Aaron. PhD candidate, Illiff School of Theology
Professor, King’s College London. Apartheid; Dis- and University of Denver. MDiv, Truett Theological
crimination Seminary. Restitution
Carnahan, Kevin. PhD, Southern Methodist Univer- Cook, E. David. PhD, University of Edinburgh. Holmes
sity. Assistant Professor of Religion and Philosophy, Professor of Faith and Learning, Wheaton College.
Central Methodist University. Deterrence, Nuclear; Institution(s); Reproductive Technologies; Resource
Military Service; Pluralism; Political Ethics Allocation
Carroll R. (Rodas), M. Daniel. PhD, University of Corcoran, Kevin. PhD, Purdue University. Associate
Sheffield. Distinguished Professor of Old Testament, Professor of Philosophy. Monism, Anthropological;
Denver Seminary. Adjunct Professor, Seminario Self
Teológico Centroamericano, Guatemala. Aliens, Cosgrove, Charles H. PhD, Princeton Theological
Immigration, and Refugees; Amos; Micah; Old Seminary. Professor of New Testament Studies and
Testament Ethics Christian Ethics, Northern Seminary. Libertinism;
Moral Formation; New Testament Ethics; Scripture
Carvalho, Corrine. PhD, Yale University. Professor of
in Ethics: A History
Theology, University of St. Thomas. Sanctuary
Couey, J. Blake. PhD, Princeton Theological Seminary.
Cates, Diana Fritz. PhD, Brown University. Associate
Visiting Assistant Professor, Gustavus Adolphus
Professor of Religious Studies and Ethics, The Uni-
College. Revenge
versity of Iowa. Vice
Cox, D. Michael. PhD candidate, University of Dayton.
Chapman, Stephen B. PhD, Yale University. Associate
Character
Professor of Old Testament, Duke Divinity School.
Ban, The; Deuteronomistic History; Holy War Creegan, Nicola Hoggard. PhD, Drew University. Se-
nior Lecturer, School of Theology, Laidlaw College.
Charry, Ellen T. PhD, Temple University. Margaret
Gender; Women, Status of
W. Harmon Professor of Historical and Systematic
Theology, Princeton Theological Seminary. Hap- Day, Linda. PhD, Princeton Theological Seminary.
piness; Supersessionism Esther
Cherian, Jacob. PhD, Princeton Theological Seminary. De La Torre, Miguel A. PhD, Temple University. Pro-
Vice President and Dean, Southern Asia Bible Col- fessor of Social Ethics, Iliff School of Theology.
lege. Tithe, Tithing Conscientization; Liberationist Ethics; Praxis
Cheung, Luke Leuk. PhD, St. Andrews University, St. deSilva, David A. PhD, Emory University. Trustees’
Mary’s College. Dean, China Graduate School of Distinguished Professor of New Testament and
Theology. Fidelity; Integrity; Temptation Greek, Ashland Theological Seminary. Circumci-
sion; Clean and Unclean; Deuterocanonical/Apoc-
Childs, James M., Jr. PhD, Lutheran School of Theology
ryphal Books; Hebrews
at Chicago. Edward C. Fendt Professor of Systematic
Dillon, Dana L. PhD, Duke University. Assistant Pro-
Theology, Trinity Lutheran Seminary. Greed
fessor of Theology, Providence College. Dissent;
Chilton, Bruce. PhD, St. John’s College, Cambridge Intention
University. Bernard Iddings Bell Professor of Reli-
Dobbs-Allsopp, Chip. PhD, Johns Hopkins University.
gion, Bard College. Kingdom of God
Associate Professor of Old Testament, Princeton
Clapper, Gregory S. PhD, Emory University. Professor Theological Seminary. Lamentations; Poetic Dis-
of Religion and Philosophy, The University of In- course and Ethics; Song of Songs
dianapolis. Affections
Donahue, John R., SJ. PhD, University of Chicago.
Cleveland, Lindsay K. PhD candidate, Baylor Univer- Research Professor in Theology, Loyola University,
sity. Humanity; Nationalism Maryland. Parables, Use of in Ethics
Clifton-Soderstrom, Michelle. PhD, Loyola University Douglas, Mark. PhD, The University of Virginia. As-
Chicago. Assistant Professor of Theology and Eth- sociate Professor of Christian Ethics, Columbia
ics, North Park Theological Seminary. Discipline Theological Seminary. Anxiety; Ends and Means;
Force, Use of; Imperialism; Media, Ethical Issues
Cochran, Elizabeth Agnew. PhD, University of Notre
of; Security; Tyranny; Violence; War
Dame. Assistant Professor of Theology, Duquesne
University. Disability and Handicap; Dishonesty; Dowdy, Christopher. PhD candidate, Southern Meth-
Honesty; Lust; Sloth; Utilitarianism odist University. Mercy
viii
Contributors
Downs, David J. PhD, Princeton Theological Sem- Green, Barbara. PhD, University of California at Berke-
inary. Assistant Professor of New Testament Stud- ley and Graduate Theological Union. Professor of
ies, Fuller Theological Seminary. 2 Corinthians; Biblical Studies, Dominican School of Philosophy
Hedonism; Materialism; 1–2 Timothy; Titus; Vices and Theology, Graduate Theological Union. Jonah
and Virtues, Lists of; Wealth
Green, Joel B. PhD, University of Aberdeen. Professor
Driggers, Brent. PhD, Princeton Theological Seminary. of New Testament Interpretation, Associate Dean
Associate Professor of New Testament, Lutheran for the Center for Advanced Theological Studies,
Theological Southern Seminary. Freedom Fuller Theological Seminary. Almsgiving; Antichrist;
Collection for the Saints; Healthcare Systems in Scrip-
Dryden, J. de Waal. PhD, Cambridge University. As-
ture; Hypocrisy; Koinonia; Loans; Repentance
sociate Professor of Biblical Studies, Covenant Col-
lege. Jude; 1 Peter; 2 Peter Greenman, Jeffrey P. PhD, University of Virginia. As-
sociate Dean of Biblical and Theological Studies,
Dufault-Hunter, Erin. PhD, University of Southern
Professor of Christian Ethics, Wheaton College.
California. Assistant Professor of Christian Ethics,
Cardinal Virtues; Courage; Prudence; Seven Deadly
Fuller Theological Seminary. Individualism; Or-
Sins
phans; Pornography; Sex and Sexuality; Sexual
Ethics; Sociology of Religion; Spousal Abuse Greenway, William. PhD, Princeton Theological Sem-
inary. Associate Professor of Philosophical Theology,
Duff, Nancy J. PhD, Union Theological Seminary,
Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary. Animals
New York City. Stephen Colwell Associate Profes-
Grigg, Viv. PhD, Auckland University. International
sor of Christian Ethics, Princeton Theological Sem-
Director, Urban Leadership Foundation. Urbaniza-
inary. Alcohol; Just Wage; Singleness
tion
Duggan, Michael W. PhD, The Catholic University of
Gupta, Nijay K. PhD, University of Durham. Instruc-
America. Associate Professor of Theology and Re-
tor of Biblical Studies, Seattle Pacific University.
ligious Studies, St. Mary’s University College. Ezra;
Neighbor, Neighbor Love; World
Nehemiah
Gushee, David P. PhD, Union Theological Seminary,
Eddy, Paul R. PhD, Marquette University. Professor
New York. Distinguished Professor of Christian
of Biblical and Theological Studies, Bethel Univer-
Ethics, Mercer University. Baptist Ethics; Cruelty;
sity. Evil
Human Rights; Meekness; Omission, Sins of; Po-
Edgar, Brian G. PhD, Deakin University. Professor of lygamy; Torture
Theological Studies, Asbury Theological Seminary.
Gutenson, Charles E. PhD, Southern Methodist Uni-
Play; Worldliness
versity. Chief Operating Officer, Sojourners. Paci-
Edgar, David Hutchinson. PhD, Trinity College, Dub- fism; Trinity
lin. Chester Beatty Library, Dublin. Desire; James
Hall, Amy Laura. PhD, Yale University. Associate
Finger, Reta Halteman. PhD, Northwestern University. Professor of Christian Ethics, Duke Divinity School.
Assistant Professor of New Testament, Messiah Agape; Parenthood, Parenting
College. Widows
Haloviak, Kendra Jo. PhD, The Graduate Theological
Finger, Thomas. PhD, Claremont Graduate University. Union at Berkeley. Assistant Professor of New Tes-
Scholar in Residence, Bethany Theological Sem- tament Studies, La Sierra University. Revelation,
inary. Eschatology and Ethics Book of
Freund, Richard. PhD, Jewish Theological Seminary. Harrington, Daniel J. PhD, Harvard University. Profes-
Director of the Maurice Greenberg Center for Judaic sor of New Testament, Boston College School of
Studies, University of Harford. Collective Respon- Theology and Ministry. Additions to Daniel; Ad-
sibility ditions to Esther; Baruch; Judith; Letter of Jeremiah
Furnish, Victor Paul. PhD, Yale University. University Hartin, Patrick J. DTh (Ethics), DTh (New Testament),
Distinguished Professor Emeritus of New Testa- University of South Africa. Professor of Religious
ment, Southern Methodist University. Galatians; Studies, Gonzaga University. Humility; Judgment
Philemon; Philippians; Romans Hatch, Derek C. PhD, University of Dayton. Instructor
Goldingay, John. DD, Archbishop of Canterbury at in Religious Studies, University of Dayton. Technol-
Lambeth; PhD, University of Nottingham. David ogy
Allan Hubbard Professor of Old Testament, Fuller Hawk, L. Daniel. PhD, Emory University. Professor
Theological Seminary. Loans of Old Testament and Hebrew, Ashland Theological
Seminary. Conquest; Joshua; Judges
Gorman, Michael J. PhD, Princeton Theological Sem-
inary. Dean and Professor of Sacred Scripture, The Hernández-Díaz, R. J. PhD Candidate, Iliff School of
Ecumenical Institute of Theology, St. Mary’s Sem- Theology and University of Denver. MA, Fuller
inary and University. Abortion; Cruciformity Theological Seminary. Class Conflict; Hatred
ix