dictionary of international relations, strategy and security english

239 Pages·2013·2.13 MB·English

DICTIONARY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS,
STRATEGY AND SECURITY
ENGLISH - UKRAINIAN - FRENCH

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DICTIONNAIRE DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES,
DE STRATEGIE ET DE SECURITE
ANGLAIS - UKRAINIEN - FRANÇAIS

DOCTRINE AND FORCES EMPLOYMENT CENTER
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CENTRE DE DOCTRINE D'EMPLOI DES FORCES
MILITARY INSTITUTE OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO
KYIV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
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INSTITUT MILITAIRE DE L’UNIVERSITE NATIONALE
TARAS CHEVTCHENKO DE KIEV
2006
ENGLISH - UKRAINIAN - FRENCH
DICTIONARY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, STRATEGY
AND SECURITY

This dictionary presents and defines key notions in the following domains: defence, politics,
international law, law of war, national military structures, military strategy, defence concept and
technological policy, humanitarian activities and peace support operations.

This work has been developed for French and Ukrainian military and political authorities. It is
also designed for diplomats, military and experts in national and international security. It will also be
useful to university researchers, civilian experts, journalists, translators and all those interested in the
political and military domains.

Done under the aegis of the general officer commanding the Army Centre for Force
Employment Doctrine, Major General G. Bezacier and General Major M. Naumenko, Director of the
Military Education and Science Department.

Editorial Staff

France: Captain Benedittini, Colonel J.M Destribats, Colonel D. Boissié, Lieutenant colonel R.
Garderes (chairman).

Ukraine: Colonel Victor Balabin (chairman), Head of the Military Institute of National Taras
Shevtchenko University.

Joint editorial group

France: Lieutenant colonel R. Gardères, Lieutenant colonel V. Mikoulinsky, Major D. Rigal,
Captain W. Perrin-Cocon, Ensign R. Dargelosse, Warrant officer G. Fleurbaey.

Ukraine: Colonel Ihor Olhovoy, Head of the faculty of foreign languages and military
translation of Military Institute of National Taras Shevtchenko University; Captain Alexis Akulshin,
Instructor of the chair of military translation of the faculty of foreign languages and military translation
of Military Institute of National Taras Shevtchenko University; Maksim Bilan, Instructor of the chair
of special linguistic military training of the faculty of foreign languages and military translation of
Military Institute of National Taras Shevtchenko University.
Thanks
France: Captain P.Y Le Bail, Lieutenant Colonel V. Mikoulinsky, Major P. Chabrol, Major S.
Piaugard, Captain P. Tronche-Macaire, Miss A. Forsteneichner.

Ukraine: Captain O. Chernyshov, Mrs. N. Akulshina, Mr V. Pronoza.

The editorial staff wants to especially thank the French Foreign Affairs Ministry (Military and
Defence Cooperation Directorate) for its financial support, as well as the entire personnel of the
Military Mission of the French Embassy in Kiev for its logistic support during the preparation and
development of this dictionary.
Warning and copyright

The articles of this dictionary come from various national or international sources, and have
been chosen by the experts of the French-Ukrainian editorial group.

The articles of the NATO part are as close as possible to the terminology used by the Alliance,
without necessarily mirroring a common position. Besides, these articles officially commit neither the
Ukraine nor France.

All rights reserved. This document is protected by the law of intellectual property. Hence, any
copy or duplication of it, by any means (graphic, electronic, mechanical – including photocopies,
recording or data copy and storage systems), without prior authorisation given by the chairmen of the
joint editorial staff, is forbidden.

Selling or copying for commercial purposes is forbidden. Some extracts can be used for
educational or illustration purposes, provided the authors are named (French-Ukrainian joint editorial
staff).
FOREWORD
The first edition of the « Dictionary of International Relations, Strategy and Security (GBR -
UKR-FRA) » is the result of the joint work of an editorial staff committee stemming from the French -
Ukrainian Group of Cooperation of Military Terminology. This work was considered necessary for
better mutual understanding, appropriate to favor cooperation between our two countries and, more
widely, with members or partners of the North Atlantic Alliance in specific domains of international
relations and those of the strategic relations. More precisely, it deals with domains of command,
control and conduct of operations and joint exercises, PSO and CROs. The selection of entries (near
one thousand) is based on their significance and frequency of use.

This terminology database of this Dictionary will be updated and expanded in subsequent
editions.

This dictionary is the first publication of the French - Ukrainian joint Group of military
terminology treating specifically international, strategic relations and security. It aims to converge a
purely lexicographical method of this type of international relations between France and Ukraine and
the standardization aspect in publications, same domains, interallied at the same time. Entries, and
their attached definitions, reflect the most recent evolution of the theory and the practice of
international relations between our two countries as well as with the other countries, partners or not,
with the Atlantic Alliance.

Highly specialized terms which are only understood by a few experts have been avoided. This
Dictionary is designed to be pratical and will be of interest to not only a wide military but also to a
civilian or diplomatic readership.

This Dictionary contains essentially terms and definitions touching the concrete military and
legal aspects of international law, the elaboration and the implemented of the military capacities of our
two countries and those of the other European countries partners or not of the Alliance. In a certain
number of case for the same entry, when the national concepts of this domain are different, it was
considered necessary by the Committee of editorial staff to present in a concern of perfect
understanding, several definitions and their national sources. Some essential terms concerning domains
of the tactics and the military general logistics, as well as the tactical, technical and logistical aspects
of Peace Support Operations and Crises Responses Operations are also presented in this Dictionary.

Terms proposed in this dictionary lean, as much as possible, on documents making authority in
straight ahead, of doctrine and terminology French and Ukrainian as on certain publications of
normalization such as Nato Dictionary of terms and definitions (AAP 6), NATO handbook, the French
Joint Glossary with military terminology or still, Manuel of use of French conventional terms and
abbreviation (TTA 106 – V04). Sources taken from acknowledged international organizations (UN –
CICR) have also been used for some articles dealing with specific fields.

This first edition does not pretend to encompass the totality of terms currently employed within
our two countries, within the NATO or still the other European countries in the reserved domains.
Nevertheless, the members of the French - Ukrainian joint Committee of editorial staff hope that this
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Dictionary will contribute to enhance mutual understanding between France and Ukraine or still other
countries of the Alliance in the domains of International, Strategical Relations and Security.

The Editorial Staff Committee

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USER’S GUIDE
The « Dictionary of International Relations, Strategy and Security (GBR-UKR-FRA) aims to present
entries as clearly and concisely as possible, mindful of the complexity of such an undertaking. The
Dictionary follows, wherever possible, NATO usage (e.g. NATO uses British standard spelling).
Abbreviations have been avoided as far as possible in both headwords and definitions. However, the
reader will find some abbreviations, considered indispensable in certain cases, at the head of several
entries of every part of the dictionary.

STRUCTURE OF THE DICTIONARY
The core of the Dictionary consists of three parts. French is the lead language of Volume 1, Ukrainian
of Volume 2 and English of the Volume 3. Volume 1 will consist of the French term and the French
definition of the term, followed by the Ukrainian and English equivalents and, as well as any
applicable cross references, acronyms and source document of the term. Volume 2 will consist of the
Ukrainian term and the Ukrainian definition of the term, followed by the French and English
equivalents, as well as any applicable cross references, acronyms and source document of the term.
Volume 3 will consist of the English term and the English definition of the term, followed by the
French and Ukrainian equivalents and, as well as any applicable cross references, acronyms and source
document of the term.

ENTRY
The basic organizational unit of the Dictionary is the entry. Each entry consists of the following: (a)
term, (b) definition, (c) cross references, if applicable, (d) acronym, if applicable, and (e) source, if
applicable.

(a)
Allied Command Europe

The former name of Strategic Command Europe.
(b)

(c)
See also Strategic Command Europe. Also called

(d)
ACE.
(e) Source: NATO
(a) Term
Entries are introduced by the term in bold type, given in one language, e.g., airborne. All
terms are alphabetized by letter, reading from left to right.
For example :
air
air assault operation
airborne
aircraft
air-ground operations system
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air transportable
air-transportable unit
air transport allocations board

(b) Definition

The meaning of the term is given in the lead language

When terms have multiple definitions, each definition will be preceded by a number. For example:

military assistance assistance militaire VWXYZ[\V] ^W_‘abc[]
1. Support provided to a 1. Appui à caractère 1. KLMNOPQRS, TU VSMSWNXYZ
nation by another nation, a militaire fourni à un pays UMVLW[ M\O]S^U[ LV_L‘,
coalition or an alliance in par un autre pays, une RUSaLbLW[, SaXZVYUQ c
various forms such as coalition ou une alliance OLdVUQSVLNVPe fUOQSe, NSRPe
military forces, experts, notamment sous la forme de ZR dSg\dh\i\VVZ ^L‘YXRSQP,
advisers, materiel or forces, d'experts, de \RYh\ONSQP, OSMVPRSQP,
training. conseillers, de matériels ou QSN\OLSaXVU-N\eVLiV\
d’entraînement militaires. dSg\dh\i\VVZ iP dML‘YV\VVZ
^L‘YXRU^Uj hLMkUNU^RP.
2. In special operations, any 2. En opérations spéciales, 2. l Yh\bLSaXVPe Uh\OSbLZe –
support provided directly or soutien fourni directement gcMX-ZRS g\dhUY\O\MVZ iP
indirectly by a nation, a ou indirectement par un V\hOZQS hLMNOPQRS VSbLj,
coalition or an alliance to a pays, une coalition ou une RUSaLbLj, SaXZVYc YPaSQ UhUOc
resistance force or a local alliance à une force de SgU QLYb\^PQ ^L‘YXRU^PQ iP
military or paramilitary résistance ou à une force ^UWVLdU^SVPQ fUOQc^SVVZQ.
force. militaire ou paramilitaire
locale.

2deaef\:(cid:22)(cid:21)+(cid:30)/"
Sources: NATO / FRA Sources : OTAN / FRA
When there are terms with multiple definitions and more than one corresponding term is used in the
other language, the terms and definitions are referenced by the same number. For example:

alert / 1. 2. 3. alerte; 4. alerter

1. Readiness for action, defence or protection.
2. A warning signal of a real or threatened danger such as an air attack.
3. The period of time during which troops stand by in response to an alarm.
4. To forewarn; to prepare for action.

Source : NATO

Some definitions include separate elements. In these cases, the sub-paragraphs are preceded by a letter
(a-, b-, c-, etc.); e.g.,
For example
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advanced guard

The leading element of an advancing force. The primary mission is to insure the
uninterrupted advance of the main body. It has the following functions: a- To
find and exploit gaps in the enemy’s defensive system; b- To prevent the main
body of the advancing force running blindly into enemy opposition; c- To clear
away minor opposition or, if major opposition is met, to cover the deployment of
the main body. See also main guard.
Source: NATO

(c) Cross References
Cross references are shown in italics immediately after the definition, as follows:

“See” refers the reader to a synonymous term which is defined in the Dictionary, e.g.

multinational
See combined.
“See also” refers the reader to related entries, e.g.

combined

Adjective used to describe activities, operations and organizations, in which
elements of more than one nation participate. See also alliance; coalition.
Source : GBR

“Also called” denotes another appellation, or a synonymous term included in the Dictionary,
but not defined, e.g.

combined

Adjective used to describe activities, operations and organizations, in which
elements of more than one nation participate. See also alliance; coalition.
Also called multinational.
Source : NATO

Where an explanatory note has been added, it follows the cross references and occupies a separate line,
e.g.:

counterbattery fire

Fire delivered for the purpose of destroying or neutralizing the enemy’s fire support system.
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Note: counterbattery fire can be either proactive or reactive.

Source: GBR
(d) Source
Each entry ends with a reference to its source. The majority of entries have been categorized as
NATO. Some entries are based on internationally recognized sources, e.g., FRA, UKR, GBR, RUS,
CZE, CICR, UE, etc.

support
The action of a force, or portion thereof, which aids, protects, complements or sustains any other
force.
Source: NATO

AWORD ON CONVENTIONS
Each language uses its own conventions, which are not necessarily reflected in translation. For
example, where English uses “and/or”, French uses “ou”.

single hostile action action hostile simple a]m\V] V\a\d] ][nWo
An hostile action is an Incident de durée courte ou tUOU]S SRbLZ – b\
incident of short or soutenue résultant de ou des RUOUNRUiSYVP‘ iP
sustained duration resulting actions d'un ou plus MU^kUNOP^SaP‘ LVbPM\VN,
from the action(s) of one or belligerents et ayant un ZRP‘ OUd^’Zdc[NX UMVS iP
more belligerents which has impact direct et significatif gLaX_\ ^UOUkc[iPe
a direct and significant hostile sur le personnel ou YNUOLV. tUVS YhOPiPVZW
hostile impact on the l'équipement d'un pays g\dhUY\O\MVL‘ dVSiVP‘
personnel and/or equipment contribuant de troupes. Une ^haP^ VS UYUgU^P‘ YRaSM
of a troop-contributing action hostile simpel peut NS/SgU dSYUgP hOUNPa\]VUj
country. A single hostile être caractérisée quand des YNUOUVP. uSdU^S ^UOU]S
action may be characterized activités différentes peuvent SRbLZ QU]\
when different activities can en rapport les unes des eSOSRN\OPdc^SNPYZ
be related to each other by autres au moyen du temps, OLdVUQSVLNVU[ MLZaXVLYN[,
means of time, place or du lieue ou des ^PdVSi\Vc iSYUQ, QLYb\Q,
tactical/strategic considérations tactiques / NSRNPiVPQP/YNOSN\kLiVPQP
considerations, as stratégiques, et reconnus cQU^SQP NS ZRS hUkUM]\VS
acknowledged by the force comme tels par le RUQSVMc[iPQ ^L‘YXRSQP.
commander. commandant des forces.

Source : UN Source: ONU 2deaef\:(cid:30)(cid:30)(cid:22)

REFERENCE WORKS
One reference dictionary has been adopted for each language of the «Dictionary of International
Relations, Strategy and Security (GBR-UKR-FRA)” As a rule, terms adequately defined in these
dictionaries are not included in the Dictionary. The reference dictionaries are the following :

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Dictionaries are:
1 - The Concise Oxford Dictionary, ed. J. Pearsall, Tenth Edition, Oxford University Press,
2002 for the English language;
2 -Le Petit Robert, ed. M. Legrain, Paris, June 2003, for the French language.

3 -Dictionnaire Français-Russse, ed. K. Guanchina, Moscow, 1977.
4-English- Ukrainian Dictionary, ed. M. Balla, Kiev, 1996.
Reference works are:

1 - TTA 106 T1, Manuel d'emploi de termes, sigles et signes conventionnels militaires, Version
05, EMAT / CDEF / DEO – Paris, édition Juin 2005 ;

2 - Glossaire des Opérations de Paix; Organisation des nations Unies, New-York - édition
2000 ;

3 - Lexicon for Arms Control, Disarmament and Confidence-Building ; Organisation des
Nations Unies, Genève - édition 2001 ;

4 - Receuil de textes et conventions ; Comité International de la Croix-rouge ; Genève -édition
2001.

5 - Bulletin Stratégique de la Défense de l’Ukraine jusqu'à l’année 2015 (Livre blanc), Kiev
-édition 2004.
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