Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Vol II.

1226 Pages·0123.466 MB·English

by  William Smith

D r C T I N A R y
OK
GREEK AND ROMAN
BIOGRAPHY AND MYTHOLOGY.
VOL.
II.

LIST OF WRITERS.
A. A. Alexaxdeii Allen, Ph. D.
C.T. A. Charles Thomas Arnold, M.A.
One of the Masters in Rugby School.
J.E.B. John Ernest Bode, M.A.
Student ofChrist Church, Oxford.
Ch.A.B. ChristianA.Brandis,
Professor in the University ofBonn.
E. H.B. Edward Herbert Bunbury, M.A.
LateFellow ofTrinity College, Cambridge,
A J.C. Albany James Christie, M.A.
Late Fellow ofOriel College, Oxford.
A.H. C. Arthur Hugh Clough, M.A.
Fellow ofOriel College, Oxford.
G.E.L.C. George Edward Lynch Cotton, M.A.
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; one of the Masters in
Rugby School.
S. D. Samuel Davidson, LL.D.
"W.F.D. William Fishburn Donkin, M.A.
Savilian Professor ofAstronomy in the University ofOxford.
W.B. D. William Bodham Donne.
T.D. Thomas Dyer.
E.E. Edward Elder, M.A.
Head Master ofDurham School.
J.T.G. John Thomas Graves,M.A., F.R.S.
W.A. G. William Alexander Greenhill, M.D.
Trinity College, Oxford.
A.G. Algernon Grenfell, M.A.
One ofthe Masters in RugbySchool,
Vi LIST OF WRITERS.
INITIALS. NAMES.
W.M. G. WilliamMaxwell Gunn,
One ofthe Masters in the High School, Edinburgh-
W.I. Willloi Ihne, Ph.D.
Ofthe University ofBonn.
B.J. Benjamin JoWifiTTjM.A.
Fellow and Tutor ofBaliol College, Oxford.
H.G.L. Henry GeorgeLiddell, M.A.
HeadMaster ofWestminster School.
G.L. George Long, M.A.
Late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
J.M.M. John Morell Mackenzie, M.A.
C.P.M. Charles Peter Mason, B.A.
Fellow ofUniversityCollege, London.
J.0.M. Joseph Calrow Means.
H. H. M. Henry Hart Milman, D.D.
Dean of St. Paul's.
A. deM. Augustus de Morgan.
' Professor ofMathematics in University College, London.
W.P. William Plate, LL.D.
C.E.P. Constantine Estlin Prichard, B.A.
Fellow ofBaliol College, Oxford.
W.R. WiLLLiM Ramsay, M.A.
Professor ofHumanity in the University of Glasgow,
L. S. Leonhard Schmitz, Ph.D., F.R.S.E.
Rector ofthe High School ofEdinburgh.
P. S. Philip Smith, B.A.
OfUniversity College, London,
A.P. S. Arthur Penryhn Stanley, M.A.
Fellow and Tutor ofUniversity College, Oxford.
A. S. Adolph Stahr,
Professor in the Gymnasium ofOldenburg.
L. U. LuDwiG Urlichs,
Professor in the University ofBonn.
R. W. Robert Whiston, M.A.
Fellow ofTrinity College, Cambridge.
The Articleswhich have no initialsattached to them are written by theEditor.
LIST OF COINS ENGRAVED IN THE SECOND VOLUME.
InthefollowinglistAVindicatesthatthecoinisofgold,Mofsilver,Mofcopper, 1^firstbronze
Roman,2i5EsecondbronzeRoman, 3iEthirdbronzeRoman. The weightofall gold andsilvercoins
is given,withtheexceptionof the aureianddenarii, which are forthe most partof nearlythe same
weightrespectively. When a coinhasbeenreduced or enlarged in the drawing, thediameterofthe
original coin is given in the lastcolumn, the numbers in which refer to the subjoined scale: those
whichhavenonumbersaffixedtothemareofthesamesizeinthedrawingastheoriginals.
o — to" *.o.ia<i 03 <a o
1 o"e3 g2 "^^3 'SJn (?2n ;aej 1 1i
M M
5 2 Egnatuleius M 281 2 Gordianus II M
42 1 Eppius M 282 1 GordianusIII M
55 2 Evagrius M 104 298 2 Gracchus M
75 2 Eucratides 258 94 299 2 Granius M
96 2 Eupator MJE 119 303 1 Gratianus
124 2 Euthydemus M 184 323 2 Hadrianus AV
130 1 Fabatus,Roscius. . . M 342 1 Hannibalianus 3iE
LSI 2 Fabius M 371 1 Helena 3iE
ii »> M M Helena dMM
114306 11 FFaaunsntiaus AV 440087 11 HHeerreennnniiuasGEetnrsus.cn.s, ,. ,„ MM
1«41 21 FFaauumssittaain,naaSFelnaivoira .Ma.x.i ^MM 444525078 211 HHHieicererotodansthe Greek . . . . AAMVV 6655i
>» »> FaustinaJunior . . JR M 10 ^
5» » Faugsatbianlau,s w.if.e..of..E.la MM\ 445998 '1]' HHiiretriousnymus AV 9 .
157 1 Flaccus, Rutilius. . . M 516 2 Honorius AMV
159 2 Flaccus,Valerius . . M 530 1 HosidiusGeta M
5» »> M ,, Hostilianus M
161 2 Flacilla .... 3MiE 566143 22 lIodtriaepues M 232
116796 21 FFllaovriiaanGusen.s..... 'Mdm 663357 22 JJuubbaaIII. ". M 2*
178 1 Florus,Aquillius M 638 1 Judex,Vettius
tt n M 642 1 Julia, daughter of Au- M
it « M gustus M
M 642 2 Julia,daughter ofTitus M
179 2 Fonteius . . . . M 643 2 Julianus,Didius ....
j» »» MM 665705 11 JJuulsitainniaasn(uesmperor) . . . AmM.V
188 2 FulviaGens . . M 698 2 Labienus M
189 1 FundaniaGens. M 704 1 PorciusLaeca M
206 2 Galban i MM ! 773015 21 LLaeenltiualnuuss M
222220121796 2 GGGGaaaalllllllbuaiase,Pn(luCeasamcnip.dieinr.aio.urs).. AAMMVV 777766666843 2211 LPLeeappuiiU„dduuusss,,,MQMM....,AAAeetemmhmiieilllitiiuruusissu.m-... IMMR
235 Gellius M vir m.
222266637268|211 1CGGGGaeeeerslrtasomacinaaunlsilacu.s...... 1AJMMEV 777788670099 2111 PLLLiiiabbbpuoooiU,,,duusMSSstcaarrtiAcib.elioimu.nuisis'lu.isus. .L.e-. MMMM
280 2 Gordianus I. . . m. 784 1 LiciniusSenior AV
.
TUl LIST OF COINS.
M M
7788-5t LLiicciiiniuisu,sJPournciiours. .. , M 999957 MMaaxxiimmuuss,,MFaabginuuss .. .. .. MM
789 Livia M 1026 Memmius,Quirinus . . M
789068 LLoonnggiunsu,s,MuCsassisdiiuuss., MM 1027 MC.emMmeimumsiuGsallus .... MM
809 Lucanus,Terentius M 1044 Mensor,Farsuleius. . . M
888827350 LMLuayccsieilrml,aaC,clhoA(unisnii.ua3 ... ... ... AMMV 132 11005684 211 MMC.e.tMeMelelttueesl,llluSuscsipio .... MMM
884 MMaacceerr,,SLeipcuilnliiuuss .. .. MM 1065 L. Metnellus ..»..:. MM
886 MacrianusSenior . M 1072 M. Mettius M
MacrianusJunior 1092 MinuciaGens
.
887 Macrinus 1094 Mithridates,kingofAr-
906 Majonanus .... AMV menia
991102 MMaarmaialeiaa,GJeunlsia .. .. .. M m 1103 MitohfrPiodantteuss VI., king AV 130|
921 Mannus JMR 1117 Mostis JME
931 Marcellus M 1121 Murcus, Statius .... M
994319 MMaarrcciiaannuas AMV 11112442 MNaussiad,iaPoGmepnosnius . . . MM
951 Maridianus Naso, Axius M
Mariniana M 1143 Natta, Pinarius ....
960 Marius,Aureiius. . M 1159 Nepos,Julius AV
966 Martinianus . . . . Nepotianus 2MJE
997783 MMaautriidciiaus AV 11116616 NNeerrioaGens • . MM
979 Mausolus IR 232 1168 Nerva
980 Maxentius 3iE 1190 Nicocles AMV 118^
998812 MMaaxxiimmiiaannuussII.I.. .. .. 2MM 11119978 NNiiccoommeeddeessIIIII MM 22358U|
998855 MMaaxxiimmiinnuussII.I. .. .. .. 2MM 11220022 NNiiggerri,niPaensucsennius . . . MM
987 1 MaximusCaesar . . M 1207 Nonianus,Considius . .
990 2 Maximus, Egnatius M 1209 Norbanus MJR
M 1214 Nuniprianus ...... M
1215 Nuaiimrius'.
a I
A DICT ONARY
GREEK AND ROMAN BIOGRAPHY
MYTHOLOGY.
EBION. EBION.
EA'RINUS,FLA'VIUS,a favouriteeunuchof thatthesectwasflourishinginthetimeofJerome
the emperor Doraitian, in praiseof whose beauty- (a. d.cir. 400), though with its opinions much
thereareseveralepigramsof Martial, and a poem modifiedand Christianized,inasmuchasitdidnot
ofStatins. (Dion Cass. Ixvii, 2 ; Mart.Epigr. ix. desire to force the ceremonial lawupon theGen-
12,E'13B,I1O4N, 1(7*,EgIiBW);,Sttahte.rSeiallv.oriiis.u4p.p)osedfounder tIitlesi,saneneddlfeuslslytaodmtriatcteedittshepraougtrheosrsitfyarotfherSt,.fPoaruli.n
ofthesectofChristianscalled Ebionites,bywhich fact Ebionism isonlythe type of a system which,
name,atleastafterthe time of Irenaeus, werede- indifferentforms, and adapted tovariouscircum-
signated allthose who, though professing Christ's stances,hasreappearedfromtime totimeinalmost
religion, thought it necessarytocontinue the ob- all ages of the Church. With regard to Ebion
servanceoftheMosaiclaw. TheEbionite doctrine himself, his existence isverydoubtful. The first
therefore was a mere engraftingof Judaism upon person whoassertsitisTertullian, whoisfollowed
Christianity. Generally speaking, the followersof byAugustine,Jerome,Epiphanius,andTheodoret.
thissect consideredourLord as aman chosenby- The latter, however {Haer. Fab. ii. 218), after
God to the officeof Messiah, and furnished with saying,Tavr-qs ttjv (paKayyos ^p^ev 'ESiwv, adds,
thedivinepowernecessaryforitsfulfilmentatthe TovTvrooxov5e outwj ol'ESpatoi irpoaayopivovcriv,
time of hisbaptism, which rite wasperformedby whichmaybecomparedwith the derivation given
John, as the representative of Elijah. They in- forthenameof the sectby Origen {contr. Cels. ii.
sisted on the necessity of circumcision, regarded 1), who considers it fonned from the Hebrew
the earthlyJerusalem as still God's chosen city, word Ebion,poor, andknowsofno suchpersonas
anddenounced St. Paul as alatitudinarian anda thesupposedfounder Ebion. Modern writers,es-
heretic. (See,forthelatterstatement,Orig.Jerem. pecially Matter {Histoire du Gnoslicisme, vol. ii.
Homil. xviii. 12.) It is, however, very difficult p. 320)and Neander(inanappendix tohis GetKf
todistinguishaccuratelythevarious shadesofthese tischeEntwickelung dervornehnsten GnostischeSys-
opinions, or to state atwhat time anyparticular teme^Berlin,1818,andalsoinhisKirchengeschichte,
form of them was prevalent. Irenaeus certainly i. p. 612, &c.) deny Ebion's existence; though
confounded varietiesof opinionalmostsufficientto Lightfoot says, that he is mentioned in theJe-
constitute theirholderstwodistinct sects,whereas rusalem Talmud as one of the founders of
Origen(c. Cels. v. 61) divides the Ebionites into sects. The authorities on both sidesof theques-
twoclasses, those who denied ourLord's miracu- tionaregivenby Burton. {DamptonLectures,note
lousconception,and those whoallowed it;thelat- 80.) IfwerejecttheexistenceofEbion,wemust
teradmissionof courseimplying, thatthepeculiar adoptOrigen'sderivation,thoughnotwiththeex-
operationof the Holy Spiriton themanJesusde- planation which he suggests, that it refers to the
velopeditself from theverycommencementof his povertyof the Ebionite creed; for such a name
life, insteadof first beginning toact attheparti- could nothavebeenchosenby themselves, sinceit
cular time of his consecration to the Messianic would have been in that sense a reproach; nor
mission. Thefirst tracesof Ebionism are doubt- given by the Christians of Gentile origin, who
lesstobefoundin the NewTestament, where we would not have chosen atitleof Hebrewderiva-
recognize this doctrine as that of the Judaizing tion. Itisbetterto supposethat thenameEbion-
teachersinGalatia{Gal.iii. 1,&c.),thedeniersof ites was originallyapplied to an asceticsect, and
St.Paul'sapostleshipatCorinth(2Cor.xi.5,&c.), graduallyextendedtoalltheJudaizingChristians.
thehereticsopposedintheEpistletotheColossians, Forsomeoftheascetic Ebionitesthoughtitwrong
andperhapsofthosementionedbySt.John.{IJoh. topossess anything beyond that which was abso-
ii. 18, on which see Liicke, Cummentar ubcr die lutelynecessaryfortheirdailysubsistence,holding
BriefedesEvang.Johannes.^ The"Clementines," thatthepresentworld, notinitsabuse, butinits
collection of homilies embodying these views, is very nature,«s the exclusive domain of Satan.
probablyawork of the2ndcentury; andwe find Thisis Neander'sexplanation. [G.E.L.C]
VOL.II. B
—
2 ECHEDEMUS. ECHEPOLUS.
EBURNUS, an agnomen of Q. Fabius Maxi- meetPubliusandLuciusScipio atAmphissa, and
mus,who wasconsulin b.c. 116. [Maximus.] toobtain peacefortheAetolians. Whenthecon-
ECDE'MUS. [Demophanes.] sul Lucius refused to recede from thehardterms
E'CDICUS("EkSikos), a Lacedaemonian, was which had been alreadyproposed bythe senate,
Bentoutwitheightships,in b.c.391,toputdown theAetolians,bytheadvice ofEchedemus,applied
the democratic partyin Rhodes. On his arrival for andobtained atruce of sixmonths, that they
howeveratCnidus,hefoundthattheforces of his might again send ambassadors on the subject to
opponents doubled hisown, and he wastherefore Rome. (Polyb.xxi.2.3; Liv.xxxvii.6,7.) [E.E.J
obliged toremaininactive. The Lacedaemonians, ECHE'MBROTUS('ExeVepoTos),anArcadian
whentheyheardthathe wasnotinacondition to flute-player(avXcfiSos),whogained a prize in the
effectanything, sentTeleutiaswith alargerarma- Pythian games about 01. 48. 3 (b. c. 586), and
mentto supersedehim. (Xen. Hdl.iv. 8. §§20 dedicated a tripod to the Theban Heracles, with
23E;CcEomBpO.'DLiIodU.Sxi(v'.E/c7T9j,gj9A7i.o)y), a sophis[tE.ofE.C]on- a7.n§ins3c),riaptnidonfrwohmicwhhiicshpwreeselrevaerdnitnhaPtahuseanwioanst(hxe.
stantinople, who in the reign of Constantine the prize byhis melic poems andelegies,which were
Great pretendedtobeaChristian,butafterwards, sungto theaccompanimentoftheflute. [L. S.]
in thetimeoftheemperorJulian, conducted him- ECHE'MENES ('ExcMei'^s), is mentioned by
selfasazealouspagan. (Suid.s.v.; Socrat.H.E. Athenaeus(xiii. p. 601) astheauthorofKpTjTt/ca,
iii. 13.) [L. S.] from which a statement relating to the mythical
ECECHEI'RIA ('E/fexetpia), that is, the ar- historyofCreteis therequoted. Vossius {deHist,
mistice or truce,whichwas personified and repre- Graec. p. 436, ed. Westerm.) proposestoreadin
sentedasadivinebeingattheentranceofthetem- Fulgentius {Mytliol.i. 14), Echemenes for Euxe-
pleofZeusatOlympia;therewasastatueofIphi- menes, who is there spoken of as the authorof
tus,which Ececheiriawasin the actof crowning. MvQoXoyovfJifva,ofwhich thefirst book isquoted.
(Paus.v. 10. §3,26. §2.) [L.S.] Butthisconjectureis withoutsupport. [L. S.]
ECHECLLTS("lExeKAos),ason ofAgenor,who E'CHEMON ('Exejuajj/), ason of Priam, who
w2Il7ai.sa)d,slaA(ixnviTb.ryo6jA9ac2nh.i)lolfest.he(Hsoamm.eIIn.axmxe.o4c7c3ur[;sLP.aiuSn.s],thxe. w(aHsEom'k.iCll/He/d.E,vM.wiU1tS6h0h(i;"sA'bpExroeol/tluhooedsr).,Ciihair.os1mo2i.nu§so,f5.bA)eyrDo[iLpo.umsSe.d]aensd.
ECHE'CRATES('Exfcparrj?). L AThessa- grandson ofCepheus, succeededLycurgus as king
lian, wasoneof those whom theministersof Pto- ofArcadia. (Paus.viii. 4.§7.) He was married
lemy Philopator, when they were preparing for toTimandra, a daughter of Tyndareus andLeda.
war withAntiochus the Great in b.c. 219, em- (Apollod. iii. 10. § 6.) In his reign theDorians
ployed inthelevyingof troops andtheirarrange- invadedPeloponnesus, and Echemus succeeded in
ment into separate companies. He wasentrusted slaying,in singlecombat, Hyllus,thesonofHera-
withthecommandoftheGreekforcesinPtolemy's cles. (Paus.viii. 5. ^ 1, 45. § 2; Schol. ad Pitid,
pay, and of all the mercenary cavalry, and did 01. X. 79.) The fight was believed to have oc-
goodservice inthewar, especiallyatthebattleof curredon the frontier, between Corinth and Me-
Raphiainb.c. 217. (Polyb. v. 63, 65, 82,85.) gara, and inthe latter place Hyllus was buried.
Lar2i.ssaS,onaonfdDbermoetthreirusofofAnCtyirgeonneusbyDOolsyonm.piasHoef l(uPsautsh.eiH.e4r1a.ci(eSi3d,ae44w.e§re14o.b)ligAefdtetorptrhoemfiaslelonfoHtylt-o
hadasonnamedAntigonusafterhisuncle. (Liv. repeattheirattemptsuponPeloponnesuswithinthe
xl. 54; see vol. i. pp. 187, 189,b.) [E. E.] next fifty or hundred years, and theTegeatana
ECHE'CRATES ('ExeKpdxTjs), the name of were honoured with the privilege of commanding
three Pythagorean philosophers, mentioned by one wingofthePeloponnesianarmy,wheneverthe
lam1b.liAchuLso.cr{iVaint,. Poynteh.ofadthfions.e) to whom Pluto is itinohnabiatgaanitnsstofathefopreeinginnsuelnaemuyn.der(tHoeorkoda,niex.xpe2d6i-;
said tohavegone forinstruction. (Cic.deFin. v. Diod.iv. 58.) The fightof Echemus and Hyllus
29.) ThenameCaetusin ValeriusMaximus(viii. wasrepresentedonthetombofEchemusatTegea.
7, Ext. 3) is perhaps an erroneous reading for (Paus. viii. 53. §5.) According to Stephanus of
Echecrates. Byzantium{s.v.'E/caS^Jjueia)Echemusaccompanied
2. ATarentine,probablythesame whoismen- theDioscuriintheirexpeditionto Attica,whereas
tioned in Plat. Ep. 9. Plutarch {Thes.32) callstheArcadiancompanions
3. Of Phlius, was contemporarywith Aristox- ofthe Dioscuri Echedemusand Marathus. [L.S.J
enusthePeripatetic. (Diog. Laert.viii. 46;comp. ECHENE'US {'Exivnos),theeldestamongthe
GelELCiHr.E1C1R;AF'abTrIicD.EBSU>1(.'GErxa€ke^co.t(5i.t)pj.)8,61.a) P[eEr.iEp.a]- n(oHbolrens.oOfdA.lcviiin.o1u5s5,inxit.he34i1s.l)andofthe Ph[aLe.acSi.aJns.
tetic philosopher, who is mentioned among the ECHEPHRON ('Exe>pwi/). 1. A sonof He-
disciples of Aristotle.- He is spoken of onlyby racles and Psophis, the daughter of Xanthus or
Stephanus of Byzantium (s. v. Mi'idvfiua)^ from Eryx. He was twin-brother of Promachus, and
whom weloamthathewasanativeofMethymna both had a heroum at Psophis. (Paus. viii. 24.
inSLeevsebroasl.other persons of this name, concerning §§2.1,A3.)son of Nestor by Eurydice or Anaxibia.
iwnhothmenpoatshsianggesiswkhneorwenthbeeyyooncdcuwr,haatreismceonnttiaoinneedd (EcHhoemp.hrOodn. iiisi.m4e1n3ti;oAnpeodlliond.Api.oU9.od§or9u.)s. A(iiit.h1i2r.d
by Thncydides(i. Ill), Pausanias (x. 16. §4), § 5.) [L.S.J
Aelian(r.//. i. 25), Lucian(TY/raon, 7), and by ECHEPHY'LLIDES{'Ex^ipvWiSrts), agram-
AnyEEtCCeHHiEEnDDtEhEe''GMMrUUeeSSk([A'nEEtxc^hhSoetlmjouugosys.,)],(vti.h•e12c3h.i)ef[Lo.f St.hle molifaarsBtiyaoznnanoPrtlihauitsomt'os(rsiP.ahnva,.ewld,ho<opnaKi(sTprm.]ep3in8at)9i,)o.anneddbbyyS[ttLhe.epShS.acJnhou-s
Athenianeroliassy which wassent,in b.c. 190,to ECHEPO'LUS ('ExeVwAos). The Homeric
;
ECHIDNA. ECHO. 3
poems mention two personages of this name, the butthat shewould not give them up, unless lie,
oneaTrojan, who wasslainbyAntilochus(//.iv. wouldconsentto stay with herforatime. Plera-
457,&c.), and the other aSicyonian,who made clescomplied withtherequest,andbecamebyher
AgamemnonapresentofthemareAethe,in order thefather of Agathyrsus, Gelonus, and Scythes.
nxxoitii.to29b3e,o&bcl.i)ged toaccompan'yhim toT[rLo.y.S.]{II. cTohredilnagsttoofhitshefmathbeerc'samaerrkainnggemoefntt,hebeSccyatuhsieahnes,waacs-
ECHESTRATUS('Ex^o-Tparos),sonofAgisI., the onlyone among the three brothers that was
and thirdof theAgidlineof Spartan kings. In able tomanage the bowwhich Heracles had left
his reign the district of Cynuria on the Argive behind,andtouse his father'sgirdle. (Herod, iv.
bordervvasreduced. HewasthefatherofLabotas 8—10.) [L. S.j
oHrerLoedo,bovitie.s,204k.i)ng of Sparta. (Pans,[Aii.i.H.2C..§]2; EECCHHII''NOAND(E'SE.xiW)[.Ach1e.loOunse.]of the live sur-
ECHETI'MUS ('ExeTtMos), of Sicyon, was vivingSpartae that had grown up from the dra-
thehusbandofNicagora,whowasbelievedtohave gon's teeth, which Cadmus had sown. (Apollod.
dbrraoguognh,tftrhoemEipmiadgaeunoifsAstcoleSpiicuyso,n,inonthaecfaorrdmroafwna iHiie.4w.a§s1ma;rrHiyegdint.oAFgaabv.e,17b8y;wOhvo.mMheet.beiici.am1e26t.h)e
bymules. (Pans.ii. 10. § 3.) [L. S] father of Pentheus. (Apollod. iii. 5. § 2.) He is
ECHETLUS ("ExerAos), a mysterious being, saidtohavededicatedatempleof Cybele in Boe-
about whom thefollowingtradition wascurrentat otia, and to haveassisted Cadmusinthebuilding
Athens. Duringthebattle ofMarathonthereap- of Thebes. (Ov. Met.x. 686.;
peared among the Greeksaman, whoresembleda 2. A son of Hermes andAntianeira atAlope.
rustic, and slew manyof the barbarians with his (Hygin.Fab. 14;Apollon. Rhod.i. 56.) Hewas
plough. After the battle, when he was searched atwin-brotherofErytusorEurytus,togetherwith
for,he was not tobe found anywhere, and when whomhetookpartinthe Calydonianhunt,andin
theAtheniansconsulted theoracle,theywerecom- theexpedition of the Argonauts, in which,as the
manded toworshiptheheroEchetlaeus,thatisthe son ofHermes,heactedthepartofacunningspy.
hero with the exerArj, or ploughshare. Echetlus (Pind. Pyth.iv. 179; Ov. Met. viii. 311; comp.
was to be seen in the painting in the Poecile, Orph. Argon. 134, where his mother is called
whichrepresentedthebattle of Marathon, (Pans, Laothoe.) Athirdpersonageof thisname,oneof
i. 15. §4,32,§4.) [L.S.J the giants, is mentioned by Claudian. {Gigant.
E'CHETUS ("Exeros),acruelkingofEpeirus, 104.) [L. S.]
whowasthe terrorof all mortals. Hewasason ECHI'ON, a painter and statuary, who flou-
ofEuchenor and Phlogea. His daughter. Metope rished in the 107th Olympiad (b.c. 352). His
orAmphissa, whohad yielded to the embracesof most noted pictures were the following: Father
herloverAechraodicus, wasblindedbyherfather, Liber; Tragedyand Comedy; Semiramis passing
andAechraodicuswas cruellymutilated. Echetus from the state of ahandmaid tothatof a queen,
further gave his daughter iron barleycorns, pro- withanoldwomancarryingtorchesbeforeher;in
misingtorestorehersight,ifshewouldgrindthem thispicture the modestyof thenewbride wasad-
into flour. (Horn. Od. xviii. 83, &c., xxi. 307 ; mirably depicted. He is ranked by Pliny and
Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1093 ; Eustath. adHorn. p. CicerowiththegreatestpaintersofGreece,Apelles,
1839.) [L. S.] Melanthius, and Nicomachus. (Plin.xxxiv. 8. s.
ECHIDNA ("ExiSi/a), adaughterof Tartarus 19; XXXV. 7. s. 32; 10. s. 36. §9.) The picture
and Ge (ApoUod. ii. 1. § 2), or of Chrysaor and inthe Vatican,knownas"theAldobrandiniMar-
Callirrhoe (Hesiod. Tlieog. 295), and according to riage," is supposedbysometobe acopy from the
others again, of Peiras and Styx. (Pans. viii. 18. "Bride"ofEchion. (Kugler, Handbuchd.Kund-
^1.) Echidna was a monster, half maiden and gesclu p. 236; Muller,Arch.d.Kunst, § 140, 3.)
half serpent, with black eyes, fearful and blood- Hirt supposes that the name of the painter of
thirsty. Shewasthedestruction of man,andbe- Alexander's marriage, whom Lucian praises so
came byTyphon the motherof the Chimaera, of highly,Aetion,isacorruption ofEchion. {Gesch.
the many-headed dog Orthus, of the hundred- d. Bild.Kunste,pp. 265—268.) [P. S.]
headed dragonwhoguardedtheapplesofthe IIes- E'CHIUS ("Extos.) Twomythical personages
perides, of the Colchian dragon, of the Sphinx, of this name occur in theIliad ;theoneaGreek
Cerberus, Scylla,Gorgon, the Lemaean Hydra,of andason of Mecisteus,was slainby Polites(viii.
theeaglewhichconsumedtheliverofPrometheus, 333,XV. 339),and theother, aTrojan,was slain
and of theNcmeanlion. (lies. Theog. 307,&c. byPatroclus. (xvi. 416.) [L. S.]
Apollod. ii. 3. § 1, 5. §§ 10, 11,iii.5. § 8; Hy- ECHO('Hx«),anOreade,whowhenZeuswas
gin. Fab. Praef. p. 3, and Fab. 151.) She was playingwith thenymphs, used tokeep Heraata
killed in her sleep byArgusPanoptes. (Apollod. distance b}-^ incessantly talking to her. In this
ii. 1. § 2.) According toHesiod she lived with manner Herawas not able to detect her faithless
Typhon in a cave in the country of the Arimi, husband, and the nymphs had time to escape.
whereas theGreekson the Euxine conceived her Hera, however, foundout the deception, and she
to have lived in Scythia. When Heracles, they punished Echo bychangingherintoanecho, that
said, carried awaythe oxen of Geryones, he also is, abeingwithnocontrouloveritstongue,which
visited the country of the Scythians, which was is neither able to speak before anybodyelse has
then still a desert. Once while he was asleep spoken, nor tobe silentwhen somebodyelse has
there, his horses suddenlydisappeared, andwhen spoken. Echointhis statefell desperatelyinlove
he wokeandwanderedaboutinsearchofthem,he with Narcissus, but asherlovewasnotreturned,
cameinto thecountryofHylaea, Hetherefound she pinedawayingrief, so that in theend there
themonsterEchidnainacave. When he asked remained—ofhernothingbuthervoice. (Ov.Alet.
whethersheknewanything about his horses,she iii. 356 401.) There were in Greece certain
answered, that they were in herown possession, porticoes, called the Porticoesof Echo,onaccount
b2