Dictionary of English Down the Ages: Words and Phrases Born Out of Historical Events, Great and Small PDF
Preview Dictionary of English Down the Ages: Words and Phrases Born Out of Historical Events, Great and Small
‘A treasure-trove for any wordsmith.’ WRITING MAGAZINE dictionary of english down the aees words & phrases born out of historical events great & small dictionary of english down the ages Linda Flavell completed a first degree in modern languages and has subsequent qualifications in both secondary and primary teaching. She has worked as an English teacher both in England and overseas, and more recendy as a librarian in secondary schools and as a writer. She has written three simplified readers for overseas students and co-authored, with her husband, Current English Usage for Papermac and several dictionaries of etymologies for Kyle Cathie. Roger Flavell’s Master s thesis was on the nature of idiomaticity and his doctoral research on idioms and their teaching in several European languages. On taking up a post as Lecturer in Education at the Institute of Education, University of London, he travelled very widely in pursuit of his principal interests in education and training language teachers. In more recent years, he was concerned with education and international development, and with online education. He also worked as an independent educational consultant. He died in November 2005. By the same authors Dictionary of Idioms Dictionary of Proverbs Dictionary ofWord Origins dictionary of english down the ages words & phrases born out of historical events great 6c small Linda and Roger Flavell Kyle Books This edition reprinted in 2011 by Kyle Books 23 Howland Street London WIT 4AY [email protected] www.kylebooks.com First published in Great Britain in 1999 by Kyle Cathie Limited ISBN 978-1-85626-603-1 Copyright © 1999 by Linda and Roger Flavell All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended). Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution or civil claims for damages. Linda and Roger Flavell are hereby identified as authors of this work in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Edited by Caroline Taggart Designed by Gavin Pretor-Pinney Typeset by Mick Hodson Associates, Whitton, Twickenham, Middlesex Printed Gopsons Papers Ltd., Noida To John and Anna Contents Introduction 11 1066 The Normans begin to erect castles 17 c 1070 William the Conqueror introduces the feudal system 19 1070 The construction of Canterbury Cathedral is begun 25 1079 The New Forest is established as a royal hunting ground 28 1086 William I commissions the Domesday Book 32 1095 The Council of Clermont: Pope Urban II preaches the First Crusade 34 1105 The Court of Exchequer is established 35 1132 Fountains Abbey is founded 38 1133 St Bartholomew^ Fair is founded 41 1137 Eleanor succeeds her father, William X, to the Duchy of Aquitaine 44 c 1167 Oxford University comes into being 49 1170 William Marshal becomes a guardian of the young Prince Henry, heir of the English throne 53 1173 Thomas a Becket is canonised 57 c 1186 Giraldus Cambrensis writes his Topographica Hibernica 61 1192 Richard the Lionheart is taken hostage 63 1198 The Sheriff of London introduces measures to reduce the risk of fire 65 1204 Constantinople is conquered in the Fourth Crusade 66 1236 Water is first brought into London through lead pipes 74 c 1250 Buttons are used to fasten clothes 79 1268 Roger Bacon comments on the optical use of lenses 80 c 1290 The Марра Mundi at Hereford is drawn up 82 1296 William de Leybourne is appointed Admiral of the Sea 83 1300 Pope Boniface VIII proclaims the first Jubilee Year 85 1308 Death of the Scottish theologian Duns Scotus 86 1331 Edward III invites seventy Flemish cloth-workers and their families to settle in England 88 1340 The Ayenbite of Inwit appears 93 1346 Edward III uses cannon at Crecy 94 1347 The Black Death sweeps across Europe 96 c 1350 The costumes of the wealthy become more flamboyant and varied c 1350 Almost, every town now has a shop 1360 Edward III issues a royal edict protecting hawks and their owners 1382 The first full translations of the Bible into English appear & 1388 1386 A mechanical clock is set up in Salisbury Cathedral c 1390 The Forme of Cury, an early cookery book, appears c 1400 Tennis becomes known in England c 1410 Wire drawing is invented in Nuremberg 1465 English playing-card manufacturers call for restrictions on foreign imports 1474 William Caxton prints the first book in English 1485 Henry VII begins his reign with a Navigation Act 1492 The Moorish Kingdom of Granada is finally conquered by the Spanish Kings 1492 Christopher Columbus sails west and discovers the West Indies 1495 The first paper mill in England is buil 1496 Wynkyn de Worde publishes an edition of The Boke of St Albans 1509 Alexander Barclay4 s The Ship of Fools appears 1512 Henry VIII founds the Royal Dockyard at Woolwich 1516 A Jewish ghetto is founded in Venice c 1518 Table forks are regularly used in Italy 1519 Cortes enters Tenochtitlan 1568 William the Silent leads the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule 1569 The first lottery in Englnad is organised 1588 The population of Paris erect barricades against their King 1589 William Lee invents the first knitting machine 1597 The Essays, or Counsels, Civill and Morall, of Francis Bacon are first published 1599 Edmund Spenser, the Elizabethan poet, dies 1600 William Gilbert publishes his treatise De Magnete 1605 A plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament and the King is discovered 1607 Successful English settlement of North America begins 1608 The poet John Milton is born
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