Dichrooscytus fervens sp. n., a new species of Miridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from Finland

2019·2.9 MB·

by  Arto Muinonen

©EntomologicaFennica.28November2019
Dichrooscytus fervens sp. n., a new species of Miridae
(Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from Finland
ArtoMuinonen,VeikkoRinne&EeroVesterinen
Muinonen,A.,Rinne,V.&Vesterinen,E.2019:Dichrooscytusfervenssp.n.,a
new species of Miridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from Finland. — Entomol.
Fennica30:159–167.https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.87171
DichrooscytusfervensMuinonen&Rinnesp.n.(Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Miri-
dae)isdescribedbasedonmaterialcollectedinFinlandbetween2011and2018.
AmorphologicaldescriptionisprovidedalongwithDNAbarcodes(COIgene)
andaphylogenyofalltheDichrooscytusspeciesforwhichaDNAbarcodeis
available.ThenewspecieslivesonPiceaspp.andisstillknownonlyfromFin-
land. Amap ofall therecords is given, as well as an identification key ofthe
DichrooscytusspeciesoccurringinnorthernEurope.
A. Muinonen, Everlahdentie 58 E 14, 57710 Savonlinna, Finland; E-mail:
[email protected]
V. Rinne, Zoological Museum, 20014 University of Turku, Finland; E-mail:
[email protected]
E. Vesterinen, Biodiversity Unit, 20014 University of Turku, Finland; E-mail:
[email protected]
Received14December2018,accepted14January2019
1.Introduction otheroneisapicallyheavilydenticulate.Thelat-
teriscalledadenticulateappendageinthispaper.
ThesuborderHeteroptera(Insecta:Hemiptera)is According to Kerzhner and Josifov (1999),
a large group of insects with over 45,000 de- thereare25PalaearcticspeciesinDichrooscytus.
scribedspeciesworldwide(Henry2017).Thege- Josifov (1974) gave detailed information about
nus Dichrooscytus Fieber, 1858 belongs to Mi- allthePalaearcticspeciesknownatthattimeand
ridae, the largest heteropteran family with over provided a key to identify them. He also de-
1,500 genera and over 11,100 species (Schuh scribedsixnewspeciesandanewsubspecies,D.
2002–2013,Henry2017).Thespeciesinthege- algiricus bureschi, which was later upgraded to
nusDichrooscytusaremostly4–6mmlongand thespeciesD.bureschiJosifov,1974byGünther
green with more or less red and brown colou- (1990). Four Palaearctic Dichrooscytus species
rationinhemelytra. havebeendescribedafterJosifov(1974):D.gus-
TherearebothPalaearcticandNearcticspe- tavi Josifov, 1981, D. impros Heiss, 1988, D.
ciesinthegenus.ThePalaearcticDichrooscytus helanensisQi&Nonnaizab,1996andD.josifovi
specieshaveadiagnosticaedeaguscomparedto Kerzhner, 1997. All the Palaearctic species live
theNearcticones(Josifov1974).Therearetwo onconiferoustrees,manyofthemonJuniperus
sclerotizedappendagesintheaedeagusofthePa- spp.(Josifov1974).
laearctic species, but not in that of the Nearctic ThreeDichrooscytusspecieshavepreviously
species.Oneappendageisalongspiculeandthe beenfoundinnorthernEuropeandoccurinFin-
160 Muinonenetal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30
land:D.rufipennis(Fallén,1807),D.intermedius tocol following Pilipenko et al. (2012) and
Reuter,1885andD.gustavi.Dichrooscytusrufi- Aljanabi and Martinez (1997). The lab and the
pennisisacommonspeciesinFinlandlivingon equipmentweresterilizedbeforeeachextraction
Pinussylvestris,D.intermediuslivesmainlyon batch. For each extract, we amplified the DNA
Picea abies and D. gustavi on Juniperus com- barcode region using LCO1490/HCO2198
munisandThujaspp.Thelattertwohavebecome (Folmer et al. 1994). The following PCR setup
morecommoninsouthernFinlandinthelastten was used for all samples: 2 µl of the template
years(Rintala&Rinne2011,HemipteraExpert DNAwasmixedwith420nMofeachprimer,5µl
Group2018). of 2x KAPA2G HS Ready Mix (KAPA Bio-
In this paper, we describe a new species systemsInc.,Wilmington,Massachusetts,USA)
DichrooscytusfervensMuinonen&Rinnesp.n., andthereactionwasfilledupto12µlwithsterile
foundforthefirsttimein2011inFinland. water.ThePCRcyclingconditionswereasfol-
lows:initialdenaturationfor5minin95°C,then
40cyclesofdenaturationfor 30sin95°C, an-
2.Materialsandmethods nealingfor30sin50°C,andelongationfor30s
in72°C,endingwithfinalelongationstepfor10
2.1.Fieldworkandmorphologicalanalysis min in 72 °C. Ablank control was included in
eachPCRbatch.SuccessfulPCRproductswere
Adultswerecollectedbyusingsweepnetsmain- cleanedbyadding1µlofExonucleaseIand1µl
lybythefirstauthor.Specimensusedinmorpho- ofFastAP(bothincludedintheA’SAPcleankit;
logicalstudieswerekilledbyfreezingandstored product nr 80350, ArcticZymes, Trømssa, Nor-
in 70% ethanol for following examination. The way)toeachproduct,andbyheatingthemixto
specimenswerephotographedwithaCanonEOS 37°Cfor10minand85°Cfor5min.Afterthat,
7D cameraattachedtoanOlympusSZX16ste- sequences were shipped to Macrogen Europe
reomicroscope at the Zoological Museum, Uni- (Macrogen, Seoul, Rep. of Korea) for sequenc-
versityofTurku,Finland.Thecamerawasdriven ing.
byaQuickPHOTOMICRO3.1software.Mea- Forothersamples(totalling8speciesand40
surementsweretakenfromsixmalesandthreefe- specimensincluding3specimensofDichrooscy-
males with the same software. Images were tus fervens sp. n. worked by the University of
stacked using Zerene Stacker and CombineZP Oulu; Table 1) DNAbarcodes were obtained at
software. theCanadianCentreforDNABarcoding.Legsor
The aedeagus of 11 males were examined. 2–3abdominalsegmentsofthespecimenswere
Thetipofthespiculewasbrokenintwooftheex- placedin96%ethanolina96-welllysismicro-
aminedaedeagi,pointingoutoftheimportanceof plateanddispatchedtotheBiodiversityInstitute
studying multiple specimens. Genitalia were of Ontario where DNA was extracted and se-
photographed after being cleared in KOH solu- quenced using standard protocols and primers
tion. (deWaard et al. 2008). All the sequences pro-
duced in this study are publicly available on
BOLD (Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007) under
2.2.Laboratorywork Barcode Index cluster BOLD:ACA9823 (DOI:
dx.doi.org/10.5883/BOLD:ACA9823).
To allow easier DNA-based identification and
comparison to other Dichrooscytus species, we
2.3.Geneticanalysis
amplifiedandsequencedthesocalledDNAbar-
code region (the first half of mitochondrial To construct the Dichrooscytus phylogeny, we
cytochromeoxidasesubunitIgene,COI)forour downloaded all sequences from BOLD (Hebert
type specimens as follows. DNAwas extracted 2003)databasesandalignedthemwithourown
from two fresh samples (BIFFI022-12 and sequencesusingMUSCLEplugin(Edgar2004)
BIFFI023-12,maleholotypeandfemaleparaty- in Geneious R11 (Kearse et al. 2012). We re-
pe;Table1)usingamodifiedsalt-extractionpro- tainedonlyuniqueandatleast500bpsequences
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) Dichrooscytusfervenssp.n.(Miridae) 161
Table1.Dichrooscytussamplesanalysedinthisstudy,withProcessIDsofBOLD.Dichrooscytusrufipennisisa
Palaearcticspecies,whichhasspreadtoNorthAmerica(Josifov1974).
Origin/Species ProcessIDs
Palearcticspecies
Finland
D.fervenssp.n. BIFFI022-12,BIFFI023-12,LEFIJ3136-15,LEFIJ4340-16,LEFIJ4343-16
Germany
D.gustavi FBHET196-11
D.intermedius EUBUG1161-12,EUBUG1194-12
Canada
D.rufipennis HCNC377-09,HCNC379-09,SMTPL3823-15
Nearcticspecies
Canada
D.elegans BARSF399-16,BARSL013-16,CNBPK373-13,HCNC361-09,HCNC362-09,
HCNC364-09,HCNC367-09,HCNCS630-09,OPPOC967-17
D.latifrons CNKTA1114-14,CNLMD1790-14,CNPEC023-14,CNYOA170-15,
CNYOA173-15,CNYOB905-15,CNYOB913-15,CNYOI001-15,CNYOI010-15,
CNYOI012-15,HCNCR001-09,HCNCR002-09,HCNCR004-09
D.rainieri CNBFC048-15,CNBFD128-15,CNBFO815-15,CNYOJ1073-15,
HCNCS195-09,HCNCS196-09,HCNCS197-09,SSBAB1111-12
D.repletus HCNCR015-09,OPPUG1308-17,SMTPI2477-14
Outgroupspecies
Germany
Rhabdomirisstriatellus EUBUG793-11
for each species. One sequence was removed 3.Results
fromtheanalysisasanobviouslywrongidentifi-
cation or mislabeling in the BOLD. Bayesian 3.1.DescriptionofDichrooscytusfervens
phylogeneticanalyseswerecarriedoutusingthe Muinonen&Rinnesp.n.
MrBayes(Huelsenbeck&Ronquist2001)plugin
inGeneious.TheGTR+G(withfourratecatego- Typematerial.Holotypemale:Finland,Mikkeli
riesforGamma)modelofsubstitutionwasfitted (61°42’N, 27°23’E) 1.VII.2011, A. Muinonen
andthedatawassubjectedtotworunsofonemil- leg.Paratypes,12malesand3females:2males
liongenerationseach,withevery1,000thgenera- and1female,Finland,Mikkeli(61°42’N,27°23’
tionsampledandthefirst2,500sampledgenera- E) 1.VII.2011, A. Muinonen leg.; 6 males, Fin-
tions discarded as burn-in. Similarly, we con- land,Mikkeli(61°42’N,27°23’E)20.VI.2018,
structed a maximum-likelihood tree with 1,000 A. Muinonen leg.; 1 male, Finland, Savonlinna
bootstrapreplicates(othersettingsasdefault)us- (61°53’N, 28°48’E) 23.VI.2018, A. Muinonen
ing PhyML (Guindon & Gascuel 2003) plugin leg.; 2 males, Finland, Siilinjärvi (63°04’ N,
using Geneious R11. The posterior probability 27°40’E) 24.VI.2018, A. Muinonen leg.; 1 fe-
tree from Bayesian analysis and consensus tree male, Finland, Mikkeli (61°30’ N, 27°16’ E)
fromMLwereretrievedandusedtodrawthefi- 24.VI.2018, Petri Parkko leg.; 1 female and 1
naltree.Moreover,thegeneticdistancebasedon male, Finland, Kärsämäki (63°59’N, 25°46’E)
COI sequences were calculated within all 25.VI.2018,PetriMetsäläleg.Alltypesincoll.of
Dichrooscytus fervens sp. n. sequences and be- theZoologicalMuseumoftheUniversityofTur-
tweenD.fervenssp.n.anditsclosestrelativein ku(ZMUT).
thetree.WealsocheckedallourD.fervenssp.n. Diagnostics.Dichrooscytusfervenssp.n.can
bycomparingthemtotheGenBankntdatabase easilybedistinguishedfromtheotherspeciesof
using online BLAST to find potential undes- the genus. The green scutellum, the largely red
cribedsimilarsequences(Altschuletal.1990). brownandoftenbandedcoriumandtheredpatch
162 Muinonenetal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30
Fig.1.Dichrooscytusfervenssp.n.male;paratype Fig.2.AlivingspecimenofDichrooscytusfervens
collectedfromMikkelion1.VII.2011. sp.n.showingthediagnosticcolourfeatures:the
greenscutellum,thelargelyredbrownandbanded
coriumandtheredpatchinthecuneus.Photo:Petri
in the cuneus give the species a unique appear- Metsälä.
ance.Thecombinationofaslender,smoothand
moderately curved spicule and an apically Hemelytra covered with black hairs. Clavus
roundeddenticulateappendagewithashortspine redbrown.Coriumlargelyredbrown,costalmar-
distinguishes the aedeagus of D. fervens sp. n. gins green. Area near corio-claval suture often
from all other described Dichrooscytus species yellowgreenandthenelongatepatchesinthree
(see Josifov 1974, Wagner 1974, Josifov 1981, differentcoloursoncoriummakingabandedap-
Heiss1988,Qi&Nonnaizab1996). pearance.Outerpartofcuneusgreen,innerpart
Description. Length 4.8–5.1 mm (6 males, withatriangularpatchofredextendingasanar-
holotype5.1mm),5.0–5.3mm(3females).Body row line along at least 2/3 of inner margin.
oval(Figs.1,2). Hemelytral membranes grey, veins of mem-
Head green, covered with black hairs. Head branesorangered.
width1.0mm(6malesincludingholotype),1.1 Legs green. Tarsi darker, greyish green.
mm(3females).Vertexwidth0.49–0.52mm(6 Shorterblackhairsandsomelongerlighthairson
males,holotype0.50mm),0.53–0.57mm(3fe- femora.Tibiaedenselycoveredwithblackhairs.
males). Antennae long, slender and green with Light brown spines on meso- and metatibiae.
light hairs. Length of the 2nd antennal segment Thirdsegmentoftarsusaslongasfirstandsecond
1.6–1.8mm(6males,holotype1.7mm),1.7–1.8 segmentstogether.
mm (3 females). Proportions of antennal seg- Dorsal side of abdomen mainly black,
ments21–25:100:53–61:39–50(6males,holo- connexivumandlastsegmentgreen.Ventralside
type23:100:61:46),22–24:100:56–61:45– ofabdomengreen.Pubescenceofabdomenlight.
49(3females).Lengthofrostrum2.3–2.4mm(6 Malegenitalia(Fig.3).Aedeaguswithaspi-
males, holotype 2.4 mm), 2.4–2.6 mm (3 fe- culeandadenticulateappendage.Longspiculeis
males).Rostrumreachesbeyondhindcoxae. only moderately curved. No teeth or spines on
Pronotum and scutellum green with black spicule.Apicalendofspiculesharp.Denticulate
hairs. appendage of aedeagus apically rounded with a
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) Dichrooscytusfervenssp.n.(Miridae) 163
Fig.3.MalegenitaliaofDichrooscytusfervenssp.n.–a.Aedeagusfromdifferentangles.–b.Spiculefromtwo
differentangles.–c.Undersideofthedentaculateappendage.Paratypes:aandb,collectedfromMikkelion
20.VI.2018;c,sameasinFig.1.
Fig.4.Left(above)andright
(below)parameresof
Dichrooscytusfervenssp.n.
fromdifferentangles;same
paratypeasinFig.1.
164 Muinonenetal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30
Fig.6.MapofalltherecordsofDichrooscytusfervens
sp.n.,allinFinland.Thedotsrepresent10×10km²
squareswithobservationsofthespecies.FinlandUni-
formCoordinateSystem(YKJ),longtickmarkswith
100kminterval.
Fig.5.AcollapsedphylogenyofthegenusDichro- hedgesinwarm,sunnyplaces.Afewspecimens
oscytususingmitochondrialCOIgenewithsupport havebeenfoundonPiceaglaucaintwoplacesin
valuesforallthespeciesbasedonbothBayesian Oulu,sothespeciespresumablylivesondifferent
posteriorprobability(leftnumber)andmaximum-likeli-
Piceaspecies.
hoodanalysiswith1,000bootstrapreplicates(right).
Rhabdomirisstriatellus(Fabricius)asanoutgroupto
rootthetree.Ouranalysissupportsthehypothesisof
3.2.Geneticanalysis
thenewspecies,D.fervens.Thescalerefersto1%
geneticdistance.
PhylogenybasedontheDNAbarcoderegionof
short spine on underside of rounded part. Para- theCOIgenesupportsthenovelspeciesstatusof
meresinFig.4. D.fervenssp.n.(Fig.5).Inthephylogenetictree,
Etymology.Theredpatchofthecuneuslooks D.intermediusclusteredastheclosestrelativeof
likeaflame,sothenewspecieshasbeengiventhe D.fervenssp.n.Theaveragegeneticdistancebe-
namefervens,whichmeansburningorglowing tween all the D. fervens sp. n. samples in this
inLatin. study was 0.30% (S.D. ± 0.13). On the other
Ecology.ThespecieslivesonPiceaabiesin hand,distancetothesamplesoftheclosestrela-
gardensandparks.Ithasespeciallybeenfoundin tive (nearest neighbour) in the BOLD database,
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) Dichrooscytusfervenssp.n.(Miridae) 165
Fig.7.SpiculesoftheaedeagusofthreeDichrooscytusspecies.–a.D.gustavi(twodifferentangles).
–b.D.intermedius(twodifferentangles).–c.D.rufipennis.
D.intermedius,was7.56%(SD±0.10)indicat- and2018(AM,TV,PM,PP,PR).Thefirstrecord
ingaclearbarcodegapbetweenthesespecies.In 17.VI.20113exx.(AM).Mostnumerous20.VI.
the GenBank nt database, the nearest matches 201880exx.(AM).
werefortheD.intermediusrecordswithapproxi- Mikkeli, Ristiina (61°30’ N, 27°16’ E):
mately93%similarity. 24.VI.201810exx.(4m6f)(PP).
Juva(61°54’N,27°50’E):20.VI.20167exx.
(AM).
3.3.KnownobservationsDichrooscytus Rantasalmi(62°03’N,28°18’E):9.VII.2017
fervenssp.n.fromFinland 6exx.(AM).
Savonlinna (61°53’–56’ N, 28°48’–29°05’
No records from outside of Finland are known. E): 14 observations in six places between 2016
ThemapofalltherecordsisgiveninFig.6. and2018.Mostnumerous3.VI.201880exx.(40
adults,40nymphs)(AM).
Thefollowing abbreviations areused below for
Joroinen (62°13’N, 27°44’E): 15.VII.2017
the collectors: AM = Arto Muinonen, HN =
15exx.(AM).
Harry Nyström, MM = Marko Mutanen, PM =
Leppävirta(62°29’N,27°47’E)24.VI.20185
Petri Metsälä, PP = Petri Parkko, PR = Pekka
exx.(AM).
Raukko, SH = Sami Haapala, TV = Tuomo
Siilinjärvi (63°04’N, 27°40’E) 24.VI.2018
Vainio.
17exx.(AM).
Mikkeli,Visulahti-Norola(61°42’N,27°21–23’ Kärsämäki(63°59’N,25°46’E):25.VI.2018
E):13observationsintwoplacesbetween2011 4exx.(3adults,1nymph)(PM).
166 Muinonenetal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30
Oulu(65°00’–03’N,25°26’–29’E):5obser- gestthatthespecieslivesinFinlandoveralarge
vationsand10specimensinthreeplacesbetween area and the distribution pattern suggests that it
2014and2018(PP,SH,PM,PR,AM,HN,MM). livesalsooutsideFinlandatleastinnearbyareas.
OnPiceaglaucaintwoplaces.
Author contributions. A. M. had the original idea and
foundthenewspecies.V.R.identifiedthenewspeciesand
3.4.AkeytoidentifytheDichrooscytus tookallthepictures.E.V.carriedoutthelaboratoryandge-
neticanalysis.A.M.wrotethefirstdraft,andallauthors
speciesoccurringinnorthernEurope
wrotethefinalversionofthemanuscript.
1 Scutellumlargelyredoryellowishred. 2 Acknowledgements.WethankthegreatbugloversPetri
– Scutellumgreen. 3 Metsälä,PetriParkko,PekkaRaukkoandTuomoVainio
2 Rostrum reaching beyond hind coxae. Spi- fortheirco-operation.SamiKarjalainen,BrianNelsonand
twoanonymousreviewersgavevaluablecommentsonthe
culeofaedeagusasinFig.7c.Length5.5–6.3
manuscript.WealsothankJosephBotting,SamiHaapala,
mm. D.rufipennis
MarkoMutanen,HarryNyström,LauraParkkoandSari
– Rostrum shorter, not reaching beyond hind Rallifortheirhelpandsupportduringthisproject.
coxae. Spicule of aedeagus as in Fig. 7b.
Length4.5–5mm. D.intermedius
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