Diagrammatic Representation and Inference: Second International Conference, Diagrams 2002 Callaway Gardens, GA, USA, April 18–20, 2002 Proceedings PDF
Preview Diagrammatic Representation and Inference: Second International Conference, Diagrams 2002 Callaway Gardens, GA, USA, April 18–20, 2002 Proceedings
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2317 SubseriesofLectureNotesinComputerScience EditedbyJ.G.CarbonellandJ.Siekmann Lecture Notes in Computer Science EditedbyG.Goos,J.Hartmanis,andJ.vanLeeuwen 3 Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Barcelona HongKong London Milan Paris Tokyo Mary Hegarty Bernd Meyer N. Hari Narayanan (Eds.) Diagrammatic Representation and Inference Second International Conference, Diagrams 2002 Callaway Gardens, GA, USA,April 18-20, 2002 Proceedings 1 3 SeriesEditors JaimeG.Carbonell,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA Jo¨rgSiekmann,UniversityofSaarland,Saarbru¨cken,Germany VolumeEditors MaryHegarty UniversityofCalifornia,DepartmentofPsychology SantaBarbara,CA93106,USA E-mail:[email protected] BerndMeyer MonashUniversity,SchoolofComputerScienceandSoftwareEngineering ClaytonCampus,WellingtonRoad,Victoria3800,Australia E-mail:[email protected] N.HariNarayanan AuburnUniversity,DepartmentofComputerScienceandSoftwareEngineering 107DunstanHall,Auburn,AL36849,USA E-mail:[email protected] Cataloging-in-PublicationDataappliedfor DieDeutscheBibliothek-CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Diagrammaticrepresentationandinference:secondinternationalconference, diagrams2002,CallawayGardens,GA,USA,April18-20,2002;proceedings /MaryHegarty...(ed.).-Berlin;Heidelberg;NewYork;Barcelona; HongKong;London;Milan;Paris;Tokyo:Springer,2002 (Lecturenotesincomputerscience;Vol.2317:Lecturenotesin artificialintelligence) ISBN3-540-43561-1 CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.2,D.1.7,G.2,H.5,J.4,J.5 ISSN0302-9743 ISBN3-540-43561-1Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer-Verlag.Violationsare liableforprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork amemberofBertelsmannSpringerScience+BusinessMediaGmbH http://www.springer.de ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2002 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyPTP-Berlin,StefanSossnae.K. Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:10846636 06/3142 543210 Preface Beginning with prehistoric cave drawings, diagrams have been a common me- ansofrepresentingandcommunicatinginformationthroughouthistory.Humans are skilled at creating, understanding, and making inferences from diagrams. In recent years, with advances in graphic technologies, innovations such as ani- mations and interactive visualizations have made diagrammatic representations even more important in scientific and technical discourse and in everyday life. There is increased interest in fields such as artificial intelligence, computer vi- sion, and visual programming languages to endow computers with human-like diagrammatic reasoning capacities. These developments have triggered a new surge of interest in the study of diagrammatic notations, which is driven by se- veral different scientific disciplines concerned with cognition, computation, and communication. “Diagrams” is an international and interdisciplinary conference series on the theory and application of diagrams in all scientific fields of inquiry. It grew out of a series of workshops during the 1990s: Thinking with Diagrams (TWD), Theory of Visual Languages (TVL), and Reasoning with Diagrammatic Repre- sentations (DR). The conference series was successfully launched in Edinburgh inSeptember2000.Itattractsresearchersfromavarietyofacademicdisciplines who are studying the nature of diagrammatic representations, their use in hu- mancommunication,andcognitiveorcomputationalmechanismsforprocessing diagrams.Thus,itreflectstherealizationthatthestudyofdiagrammaticrepre- sentationandcommunicationmustbepursuedasaninterdisciplinaryendeavor. “Diagrams 2002” was the second event in this series. It took place at Callaway Gardens, Georgia, USA, April 18-20, 2002. The call for contributions to Diagrams 2002 attracted 77 submissions from disciplines such as architecture, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, compu- ter science, education, human-computer interaction, logic, philosophy, and psy- chology. The conference program was determined by a distinguished Program Committeethatbroughtbothinterdisciplinaryexpertiseandinternationalflavor to the endeavor. Each submission was thoroughly peer-reviewed by three mem- bers of the Program Committee or additional referees they nominated. This labor-intensive process was intended to equitably identify the highest quality scientific and technical contributions, effectively communicated, that provided the balanced multidisciplinary intellectual record of research appearing in these proceedings. The acceptance rate was about 30% with 21 full papers accepted for presentation at the conference. In addition, 19 submissions were accepted as posters. Besides paper and poster presentations, Diagrams 2002 included two invited talks. One was by B. Chandrasekaran, a respected researcher in artificial intelli- gence who played a key role in the very first meeting on this topic (1992 AAAI Spring Symposium on Reasoning with Diagrammatic Representations) and the VI Preface subsequent development of this field. The second invited talk was presented by James A. Landay, an emerging researcher in human-computer interaction, who hasstudiedhowdesignersusesketchesintheearlystagesofuserinterfacedesign for the web and has leveraged his findings to build novel computational tools that support design by sketching. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Re- search, the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, and the Cognitive Science Society. Their support enabled us to provide scholarships to all student first authors of papers and posters presented at the conference, and present a bestpaperawardwhichwasannouncedattheconference.Thegenerosityofour sponsors is very much appreciated. In addition, the conference was held in coo- peration with the Japanese Cognitive Science Society and the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence. We thank Hiroshi Motoda, Atsushi Shimojima, and Masaki Suwa for their efforts in securing this cooperation. We thank members of the program and organizing committees for making themeetingandthisvolumeasuccess.Wearegratefulforthecontinuedsupport of Springer-Verlag. The staff of Callaway Gardens provided a pleasant setting forourintellectualexchanges.Finally,thecoreofanysuchenterpriseisthepar- ticipants and contributors. Their effort and enthusiasm made this a worthwhile endeavor. March 2002 Mary Hegarty Bernd Meyer N. Hari Narayanan Organization General Chair N. Hari Narayanan Auburn University, USA Program Chairs Mary Hegarty University of California at Santa Barbara, USA Bernd Meyer Monash University, Australia Administration Finance & Local Organization Chair Roland Hu¨bscher, Auburn University, USA Publicity Chair Volker Haarslev, University of Hamburg, Germany Sponsorship Office of Naval Research American Association for Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Science Society In Cooperation with Japanese Cognitive Science Society Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence VIII Organization Program Committee Michael Anderson Fordham University, USA Dave Barker-Plummer Stanford University, USA Alan Blackwell Cambridge University, UK Dorothea Blostein Queen’s University, Canada Paolo Bottoni University of Rome, Italy Jo Calder Edinburgh University, UK B. Chandrasekaran Ohio State University, USA Peter Cheng University of Nottingham, UK Richard Cox Sussex University, UK Max J. Egenhofer University of Maine, USA Norman Foo University of Sydney, Australia Ken Forbus Northwestern University, USA George Furnas University of Michigan, USA Meredith Gattis University of Sheffield, UK Helen Gigley Office of Naval Research, USA Mark Gross University of Washington, USA Corin Gurr Edinburgh University, UK Volker Haarslev University of Hamburg, Germany Patrick Healey University of London, UK Mary Hegarty UniversityofCaliforniaatSantaBarbara,USA John Howse University of Brighton, UK Roland Hu¨bscher Auburn University, USA Maria Kozhevnikov Rutgers University, USA Zenon Kulpa Institute of Fundamental Technological Rese- arch, Poland Stefano Levialdi University of Rome, Italy Robert Lindsay University of Michigan, USA Ric Lowe Curtin University, Australia Bernd Meyer Monash University, Australia Richard E. Mayer UniversityofCaliforniaatSantaBarbara,USA Mark Minas University of Erlangen, Germany N. Hari Narayanan Auburn University, USA Kim Marriott Monash University, Australia Nancy Nersessian Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Daniel L. Schwartz Stanford University, USA Priti Shah University of Michigan, USA Atsushi Shimojima Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan Sun-Joo Shin University of Notre Dame, USA Masaki Suwa Chukyo University, Japan Barbara Tversky Stanford University, USA Yvonne Waern Linkoeping University, Sweden Organization IX Additional Referees D. Jacobson M. Jamnik S. Kriz Truong Lan Le D. Waller M. Wessel Table of Contents Invited Talk What Does It Mean for a Computer to Do Diagrammatic Reasoning? A Functional Characterization of Diagrammatic Reasoning and Its Implications ................................................ 1 B. Chandrasekaran Understanding and Communicating with Diagrams Movement Conceptualizations in Graphical Communication ............ 3 Ichiro Umata, Yasuhiro Katagiri, Atsushi Shimojima Toward a Model of Knowledge-Based Graph Comprehension ............ 18 Eric G. Freedman, Priti Shah Learning on Paper: Diagrams and Discovery in Game Playing ........... 31 Susan L. Epstein, J.-Holger Keibel Diagrams in Mathematics Using Animation in Diagrammatic Theorem Proving ................... 46 Daniel Winterstein, Alan Bundy, Corin Gurr, Mateja Jamnik Generating Euler Diagrams ......................................... 61 Jean Flower, John Howse Corresponding Regions in Euler Diagrams............................. 76 John Howse, Gemma Stapleton, Jean Flower, John Taylor Computational Aspects of Diagrammatic Representation and Reasoning CDEG: Computerized Diagrammatic Euclidean Geometry .............. 91 Nathaniel Miller Compositional Semantics for Diagrams Using Constrained Objects ....... 94 Bharat Jayaraman, Pallavi Tambay Retrieving 2-D Line Drawings by Example ............................ 97 Patrick W. Yaner, Ashok K. Goel A System That Supports Using Student-Drawn Diagrams to Assess Comprehension of Mathematical Formulas ................... 100 Steven Tanimoto, William Winn, David Akers
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