Diagnostic Ultrasound: Musculoskeletal 2nd Edition PDF
Preview Diagnostic Ultrasound: Musculoskeletal 2nd Edition
SECOND EDITION SECOND EDITION Griffith Griffith LEE | HUNG | NG LEE | HUNG | NG ii SECOND EDITION James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR Professor Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong (SAR), China Ryan K. L. Lee, MBChB, FRCR, FHKCR, FHKAM (Radiology) Clinical Assistant Professor (Honorary) Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong (SAR), China Esther H. Y. Hung, MBChB, FRCR, FHKCR, FHKAM (Radiology) Clinical Associate Professor (Honorary) Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong (SAR), China Alex W. H. Ng, MBChB, FRCR, FHKCR, FHKAM (Radiology) Clinical Associate Professor (Honorary) Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong (SAR), China iii 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND: MUSCULOSKELETAL, SECOND EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-57013-8 Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www. elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Control Number: 2018953139 Cover Designer: Tom M. Olson, BA Printed in Canada by Friesens, Altona, Manitoba, Canada Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 iv Dedication To Clara, Isobel and Olivia, Mum, Dad, and all my siblings. For the very best of times, thank you. JFG v vi Additional Contributing Authors Jill M. Abrigo, MD Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR Stella Sin Yee Ho, RDMS, RVT, PhD Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS Eugene McNally, FRCR, FRCPI Karen Partington, MRCS, FRCR Bhawan K. Paunipagar, MBBS, MD, DNB K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR Paula J. Woodward, MD Philip Yoong, FRCR vii Preface I have no doubt whatsoever that musculoskeletal ultrasound will become the most influential imaging modality in the world of musculoskeletal disease diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. It is already well on its way to becoming that megastar. Those musculoskeletal conditions best imaged by musculoskeletal ultrasound and those best examined by other modalities, such as MR, CT, or radiography, are now quite clearly understood. The vast majority of musculoskeletal conditions outside of deeper joint structures are accessible to adequate evaluation by musculoskeletal ultrasound. Going forward, this range of clinical application is not likely to significantly expand, but the clarity with which these conditions will be seen will no doubt improve even further. Since the emergence of high-resolution transducers in the early 90s, ultrasound image resolution has improved beyond recognition. High musculoskeletal image quality is now achievable on all modern mid- to high-end ultrasound machines. Ultrasound is different from other modalities in that you alone are the master of your destiny in realizing a high-quality ultrasound examination, acquiring readily understandable images, and arriving at the correct diagnosis. Similar to other imaging modalities, any diagnosis is formulated, not just on a single imaging characteristic, but also on myriad imaging signs evaluated within a particular clinical context. All ultrasound experts will tell you that ultrasound imaging is a lifelong learning skill. Each time you examine a patient with ultrasound, you should finish that examination a teeny weeny bit more skilled than you were before you began it. No other imaging modality seems to afford this capacity for continual improvement quite as much as ultrasound. This requires a pedantic approach armed with a thorough knowledge of ultrasound anatomy, a meticulous ultrasound technique, a clear understanding of the pertinent ultrasound findings, awareness of the most likely diagnosis, the mitigating features, and the potential differential diagnoses. Each of these aspects has been specifically addressed in this book, the 2nd edition of Diagnostic Ultrasound: Musculoskeletal. Anatomy, with a particular emphasis on anatomy relevant to musculoskeletal ultrasound, is comprehensively covered in the 1st section. The next section, Technique, discusses an overall approach to musculoskeletal ultrasound and artifacts, followed by a detailed account of how to undertake a comprehensive examination of the main joints, emphasizing those areas most frequently examined by musculoskeletal ultrasound. Key elements to writing an ultrasound report are also addressed. The 3rd section, Diagnoses, looks at specific musculoskeletal conditions, the range of potential ultrasound appearances encountered, and the key facts required to make a correct diagnosis. The 4th section, Differential Diagnoses, looks at clinical ultrasound from a different perspective, outlining those diagnoses to be considered when faced with a particular ultrasound scenario, such as a hypoechoic muscle mass or a hypervascular subcutaneous mass. The 5th section addresses the fast-growing influence and range of ultrasound-guided interventional techniques in treatment and diagnosis. The overall content of the book, particularly the latter 4 sections, has been updated by at least 20% from the 1st edition, which was published in 2013. viii A huge thank you goes out to Rebecca Bluth, Karen E. Concannon, and Rich Coombs at Elsevier for your help in putting this book together. The email equivalent of neural strain was understandably evident on many occasions over the past 18 months. Despite this, and having never met in person, we have nevertheless, I feel, become good friends and I remain in awe of your professional attitude, good nature, and dedication. A big, big thank you for your efforts. A huge thank you also goes out to my close colleagues, Alex Ng, Ryan Lee, Esther Hung, and Cina Tong, as well as all the staff in the Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Your dedication to maintaining a high standard of musculoskeletal ultrasound is admirable. And to you, the readers, I do hope you enjoy this book and find it helpful in your daily practice. Please do persevere with musculoskeletal ultrasound. 100% guaranteed, you will not be disappointed. James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR Professor Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong (SAR), China ix
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