Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck: Expert Consult - Online and Print, 2e PDF
Preview Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck: Expert Consult - Online and Print, 2e
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 DIAGNOSTIC SURGICAL PATHOLOGY OF THE HEAD AND NECK ISBN-13: 978-1-4160-2589-4 Copyright © 2009, 2001 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request online via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Notice Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment, and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on his or her own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editor assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Diagnostic surgical pathology of the head and neck / [edited by] Douglas R. Gnepp.—2nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4160-2589-4 (alk. paper) 1. Head—Diseases—Diagnosis. 2. Neck—Diseases—Diagnosis. 3. Pathology, Surgical. I. Gnepp, Douglas R. [DNLM: 1. Head and Neck Neoplasms. 2. Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical. 3. Head—pathology. 4. Head—surgery. 5. Neck—pathology. 6. Neck—surgery. WE 707 D536 2009] RC936.D53 2009 617.5′10754—dc22 2008027012 ISBN: 978-1-4160-2589-4 Publishing Director: Linda Belfus Acquisitions Editor: William Schmidt Developmental Editor: Katie DeFrancesco Design Direction: Louis Forgione Printed in China. Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 To Diane, Ari, Stella, Ethan, and Gracie Contributors Carl M. Allen, DDS, MSD Gustave L. Davis, MD Professor and Director Clinical Professor of Pathology Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology Department of Pathology College of Dentistry Professor The Ohio State University Program in Applied Mathematics Columbus, Ohio Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Yale University 10. Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors New Haven, Connecticut Jerry E. Bouquot, DDS, MSD 12. Ear: External, Middle, and Temporal Bone Professor and Chair Department of Diagnostic Sciences Ronald A. DeLellis, MD University of Texas at Houston Dental Branch Pathologist-in-Chief, Houston, Texas Lifespan AMC Pathology Laboratories Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital 4. Lesions of the Oral Cavity Professor and Associate Chair of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Margaret S. Brandwein-Gensler, MD The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Professor of Pathology and Otorhinolaryngology Providence, Rhode Island Montefiore Medical Center–Moses Division 7. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York Samir K. El-Mofty, DMD, PhD 5. Nonsquamous Pathologic Diseases Professor of the Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea Department of Pathology and Immunology Associate Professor John D. Crissman, MD Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Former Professor and Chair Washington University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Attending Medical Staff Former Dean Barnes Jewish Hospital Wayne State University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Detroit, Michigan 9. Bone Lesions 1. Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract John Eveson, PhD, FDSRCPS, MRCPath, FRCPath, FDSRCS, FDSRCSE Douglas D. Damm, DDS Professor of Head and Neck Pathology Professor University of Bristol Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Honorary Consultant in Oral Medicine and Pathology University of Kentucky College of Dentistry University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Lexington, Kentucky Bristol, United Kingdom 10. Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors 6. Salivary and Lacrimal Glands vii viii Contributors Andrew L. Folpe, MD Mario A. Luna, MD* Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Formerly Professor of Pathology Mayo Clinic Department of Pathology Rochester, Minnesota University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas 8. Soft-Tissue Tumors of the Head and Neck 11. Cysts of the Neck, Unknown Primary Tumor, Nina Gale, MD and Neck Dissection Professor of Pathology Institute of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Panna Mahadevia, MD University of Ljubljana Associate Professor of Pathology Ljubljana, Slovenia Montefiore Medical Center–Moses Division 1. Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia Albert Einstein College of Medicine of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Bronx, New York Douglas R. Gnepp, MD 5. Nonsquamous Pathologic Diseases of the Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea Professor of Pathology The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Senior Surgical Pathologist L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD Rhode Island Hospital Professor and Chair Providence, Rhode Island Department of Hematopathology 1. Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Houston, Texas 5. Nonsquamous Pathologic Diseases of the 13. Hematopoietic Lesions Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea 6. Salivary and Lacrimal Glands Susan Muller, DMD Associate Professor Appendix I. Head and Neck Tumors: TNM Staging Department of Pathology and Laboratory Appendix II. Guidelines for the Dissection of Head Medicine and Neck Specimens Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Gerardo E. Guiter, MD Emory University School of Medicine Assistant Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Atlanta, Georgia Weill Cornell Medical College–Qatar Doha, Qatar 4. Lesions of the Oral Cavity 15. Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Brad W. Neville, DDS John D. Henley, MD Professor and Director Anatomic Pathologist Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology University of Cincinnati Medical Center Department of Stomatology Cincinnati, Ohio Medical University of South Carolina, College of Dental Medicine 6. Salivary and Lacrimal Glands Charleston, South Carolina Lester J. Layfield, MD 10. Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors Professor and Head Department of Anatomic Pathology Hiromasa Nikai, DDS, PhD University of Utah School of Medicine Former Chair Huntsman Cancer Hospital Department of Oral Pathology Salt Lake City, Utah Hiroshima University School of Dentistry 15. Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Professor Emeritus Hiroshima University Pei Lin, MD Hiroshima, Japan Associate Professor Department of Hematopathology 4. Lesions of the Oral Cavity University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas 13. Hematopoietic Lesions *Deceased. Contributors ix Yuri E. Nikiforov, MD, PhD Wael A. Sakr, MD Professor Professor and Chair Department of Pathology Department of Pathology Director Wayne State University School of Medicine Division of Molecular Anatomic Pathology Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Harper Hospital Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Detroit, Michigan 7. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 1. Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Bayardo Perez-Ordonez, MD, FRCPC Associate Professor Roderick H.W. Simpson, MB, MMed, FRCPath Department of Pathology Consultant Histopathologist University Health Network Department of Histopathology Clinical Studies Resource Centre Member Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Foundation Trust Ontario Cancer Institute Exeter, United Kingdom Toronto, Ontario, Canada 6. Salivary and Lacrimal Glands 3. Nonsquamous Lesions of the Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, and Nasopharynx Pieter J. Slootweg, MD, DMD, PhD Madeleine Pfaltz, MD Professor Department of Pathology Pathologist Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center Kempf und Pfaltz Nijmegen, Netherlands Histologissche Diagnostik Zurich, Switzerland 2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive System 11. Cysts of the Neck, Unknown Primary Tumor, and Neck Dissection Appendix II. Guidelines for the Dissection of Head and Neck Specimens Latha Pisharodi, MD Associate Professor Mark R. Wick, MD Department of Pathology Professor The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Department of Pathology Director of Cytopathology University of Virginia School of Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Pathologist Providence, Rhode Island University of Virginia Medical Center 15. Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Charlottesville, Virginia 14. Cutaneous Tumors and Pseudotumors Manju L. Prasad, MD of the Head and Neck Associate Professor Department of Pathology University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and Medical School Worcester, Massachusetts 3. Nonsquamous Lesions of the Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, and Nasopharynx Mary Richardson, DDS, MD Professor Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Vice Chair of Clinical Affairs Director of Surgical Pathology Division of Anatomic Pathology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina 2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive System Preface From an anatomic and pathologic perspective the region of The purpose of this edition is the same as the previous the head and neck is one of the most complex areas of the publication: to provide a comprehensive textbook that cov- body, with a variety of different organ systems and tissue ers the full range of surgical pathology, again emphasizing types within its domain. The second edition of Diagnostic differential diagnosis and more problematic areas. My hope Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck includes the numer- is that this text will help the surgical or oral pathologist when ous advances in head and neck pathology, particularly in dealing with a difficult case, as well as providing an in-depth the molecular characterization of many of the lesions aris- reference for the surgical or oral pathologist, head and neck ing in this region. The general organization of the text has or oral surgeon, general otolaryngologist or dentist, or any- remained unchanged. However, to minimize redundancy one interested in reviewing head and neck pathology. throughout the various chapters, I have integrated the pre- cancerous lesions from all mucosal sites and the mucosal squamous carcinomas in separate chapters, and the non- squamous cancers and other lesions on a regional basis into individual chapters. In addition, there are separate chapters covering bone and skin lesions that have a predilection for the head and neck, as well as a greatly expanded soft-tissue Acknowledgments chapter. Instead of dedicating a chapter to molecular pathol- ogy, I have elected to incorporate the relevant molecular information within each chapter under the appropriate top- I would like to thank all the authors for their excellent con- ics. Also, I have added a separate chapter on cytology and tributions. It is with great sadness, however, that I would have integrated color pictures throughout this text; all pho- like to acknowledge the recent passing of one of the cham- tomicrographs are of hematoxylin-eosin stained glass slides pions of our specialty and the coauthor of one of the chap- except where otherwise indicated. The appendix on staging ters, Dr. Mario Luna. His memory will live on through his has been updated and a new appendix illustrating grossing many outstanding scholarly publications and through his techniques has been added. In addition, a list of abbrevia- generosity, warmth, and kindness. I especially would like tions used in this text has been included to aid the reader. to express appreciation to my family for their understanding Lastly, in the salivary gland chapter, I have included lacrimal and patience: to my wife, Diane, and all my children, Ethan, gland and sac lesions to better round out the text to make it Ari, and Stella who supported me throughout this project, I more useful for the reader. thank you. xi Abbreviations Used in Text ABC aneurysmal bone cyst CMV cytomegalovirus AC anaplastic carcinoma COF cemento-ossifying fibroma ACC acinic cell carcinoma CT computed tomography AdCC adenoid cystic carcinoma ADSC adenosquamous carcinoma DEC ductal eccrine carcinoma AFH angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma DFS desmoid-type fibromatosis AFIP Armed Forces Institute of Pathology DFSP dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans AFX atypical fibroxanthoma DL dedifferentiated liposarcoma AgNOR argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions DLBCL diffuse large B-cell lymphoma AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome DSCC desmoplastic squamous cell carcinoma AK alveolar keratosis DTE desmoplastic trichoepithelioma ALCL anaplastic large cell lymphoma ALHE angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia EAF eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis ALT atypical lipomatous tumor EBV Epstein-Barr virus ANCAs antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies ECS ectopic hamartomatous thymoma AOLP adult-onset laryngeal papillomatosis ECT ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of the APMET aggressive papillary middle ear tumor anterior tongue ARM adult rhabdomyoma EFT Ewing family of tumors ARMS alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor ARPC AIDS-related parotid cyst EH epithelioid hemangioendothelioma ASC adenoid squamous carcinoma EHT ectopic hamartomatous thymoma ASCC adenoid squamous cell carcinoma ELS endolymphatic sac ASPS alveolar soft-part sarcoma EMA epithelial membrane antigen EMC epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma BCA basal cell adenoma EMP extramedullary plasmacytoma BCAC basal cell adenocarcinoma ERMS embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma BFH benign fibrous histiocytoma ESMC extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma BLEL benign lymphoepithelial lesion ES/PNET Ewing’s sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal BMT benign mixed tumor tumor BSC basaloid squamous carcinoma BSCC basaloid squamous cell carcinoma FCOD florid cemento-osseous dysplasia FD fibrous dysplasia Ca-ex-PA carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma FNA fine-needle aspiration CAT cribriform adenocarcinoma of the tongue FRM fetal rhabdomyoma cBFH cellular variant of benign fibrous histiocytoma FVPTC follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma CCC clear cell carcinoma CEA carcinoembryonic antigen GCF giant cell fibroblastoma CIS carcinoma in situ GCT giant cell tumor CK cytokeratin GERD gastrointestinal reflux disease xiii xiv Abbreviations Used in Text GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein MSI microsatellite instability GMS Gomori methenamine silver MSS monophasic synovial sarcoma MTB Mycobacterium tuberculosis HCCC hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma H&E hematoxylin and eosin Nd:YAG neodymium-yttrium-aluminum garnet HHV human herpesvirus NEC neuroendocrine carcinoma HIV human immunodeficiency virus NF neurofibromatosis HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma NF-1 neurofibromatosis type 1 HPC hemangiopericytoma NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma HPV human papillomavirus NICO neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis HSV herpes simplex virus NK natural killer HT Hashimoto’s thyroiditis NOS not otherwise specified HTA hyalinizing trabecular adenoma NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPDC nasopalatine duct cyst Ig immunoglobulin NSM necrotizing sialometaplasia IHC immunohistochemistry IM infectious mononucleosis OFMT ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts IMFT inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor ONB olfactory neuroblastoma ITAC intestinal-type adenocarcinoma IVL intravascular lymphomatosis PA pleomorphic adenoma PAS periodic acid–Schiff JOLP juvenile-onset laryngeal papillomatosis PBL plasmablastic lymphoma PDNEC poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma kD kilodalton PDSS poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma KFD Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease PEA papillary endovascular angioendothelioma KHE kaposiform hemiangioendothelioma PEH papillary endothelial hyperplasia KS Kaposi’s sarcoma PEN palisaded encapsulated neuroma PFH plexiform fibrous histiocytoma LCC large cell carcinoma PL pleomorphic lipoma LCG Langerhans cell granulomatosis PLGA polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma LCH Langerhans cell histiocytosis PMTMCT phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, mixed con- LCS laryngeal chondrosarcoma nective tissue type LE lupus erythematosus PNCS primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin LEC lymphoepithelial carcinoma POF peripheral ossifying fibroma LESA lymphoepithelial sialadenitis PPAR peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor LGSDC low-grade salivary duct carcinoma PPT proliferating pilar tumor LMS leiomyosarcoma PRM pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma LOH loss of heterozygosity PsJOF psammomatoid juvenile ossifying fibroma LOS laryngeal osteosarcoma PSCC papillary squamous cell carcinoma PT parathyroid MAC microcystic adnexal carcinoma PTC papillary thyroid carcinoma MGCT malignant cutaneous granular cell tumor PTN parathyroid hormone MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue PVL proliferative verrucous leukoplakia MC mesenchymal chondrosarcoma MCs medullary carcinoma RA rheumatoid arthritis MDNEC moderately differentiated neuroendocrine RMS rhabdomyosarcoma carcinoma RPC relapsing polychondritis MEC mucoepidermoid carcinoma MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia SANS subacute necrotizing sialadenitis MESA myoepithelial sialadenitis SC sebaceous carcinoma MF mycosis fungoides SCC squamous cell carcinoma MFH malignant fibrous histiocytoma SCCIS squamous cell carcinoma in situ MGC multinucleated giant cell SCEC small cell (neuro)endocrine carcinoma MM malignant melanoma SCL spindle cell lipoma MPNST malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor SDC salivary duct carcinoma MS myeloid sarcoma SEC superficial extending carcinoma Abbreviations Used in Text xv SFT solitary fibrous tumor TIA-1 T-cell intracellular antigen-1 SHML sinus histiocytosis with massive TL tuberculoid leprosy lymphadenopathy TrJOF trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma SIN squamous intraepithelial neoplasia TSG tumor suppressor gene SL sebaceous lymphadenoma TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone SLN sentinel lymph node TTF thyroid transcription factor SmCC small cell carcinoma TUGSE traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal SND selective neck dissection eosinophilia SNEC small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma SNUC sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma UADT upper aerodigestive tract SpCC spindle cell carcinoma SS Sjögren’s syndrome VC verrucous carcinoma vHL von Hippel-Lindau disease T triiodothyronine 3 T thyroxine WDL well-differentiated liposarcoma 4 TCO tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica WDNEC well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma TCVPTC tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma WG Wegener’s granulomatosis TDC thyroglossal duct cyst WHO World Health Organization TFL tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion
The list of books you might like
