Diagnostic Bone Marrow Haematopathology PDF
Preview Diagnostic Bone Marrow Haematopathology
Diagnostic Bone Marrow Haematopathology Diagnostic Bone Marrow Haematopathology Jon van der Walt, MB, BCh, FRCPath Guy’sandStThomas’Hospitals,London Attilio Orazi, MD, FRCPath TexasTechUniversityHealthSciencesCenter,ElPaso,Texas Daniel A Arber, MD UniversityofChicago,Chicago,Illinois UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,New Delhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthe pursuitofeducation,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternational levelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107145009 DOI:10.1017/9781316535042 ©JonvanderWalt,AttilioOraziandDanielAArber2021 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandto theprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,norepro- ductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewrittenpermissionof CambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2021 PrintedinSingaporebyMarkonoPrintMediaPteLtd AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritish Library. ISBN978-1-107-04013-7MixedMedia ISBN978-1-107-14500-9Hardback ISBN978-1-316-53504-2CambridgeCore CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferred tointhispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. .................................................................. Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurate andup-to-dateinformationthatisinaccordwithacceptedstandards andpracticeatthetimeofpublication.Althoughcasehistoriesare drawnfromactualcases,everyefforthasbeenmadetodisguisethe identitiesoftheindividualsinvolved.Nevertheless,theauthors,editors, andpublisherscanmakenowarrantiesthattheinformationcontained hereinistotallyfreefromerror,notleastbecauseclinicalstandardsare constantlychangingthroughresearchandregulation.Theauthors, editors,andpublishersthereforedisclaimallliabilityfordirector consequentialdamagesresultingfromtheuseofmaterialcontainedin thisbook.Readersarestronglyadvisedtopaycarefulattentionto informationprovidedbythemanufacturerofanydrugsorequipment thattheyplantouse. Contents List of Contributors vi Preface ix Acknowledgements x 1. The Bone MarrowBiopsy 1 12. Systemic Mastocytosis 181 Jon vanderWalt Tracy GeorgeandAmy Jencks 2. The NormalBone Marrow 14 13. MyeloidandLymphoidNeoplasmsAssociated Anna Green with Eosinophilia 200 Sa Wang and RobertoMiranda 3. Necrosis,StromalChanges and Artefacts 26 KonnieHebeda 14. PrecursorLymphoid Neoplasms 231 Girish Venkataraman 4. Aplasia 42 Olga Pozdnyakovaand Emily Mason 15. MatureLymphoid Neoplasms 245 AyomaAttygalle and Sunil Iyengar 5. Hyperplasia 64 Lívia Rásó-Barnett 16. Plasma Cell Neoplasia 283 Falko Fend 6. Infective, Granulomatous andBenign HistiocyticDisorders 79 17. Metastatic Lesions 298 Alexandar Tzankov Hesham ElDalyand MariamAmer 7. Malignant Disorders of the Histiocytic/ 18. BoneMarrowChangesFollowingTherapyand Dendritic Lineage 98 Immunosuppression 314 Monika Klimkowska Alexandar Tzankov 8. MyelodysplasticSyndromes 107 19. ImmunohistochemistryandFlow Cytometry Olga Weinberg and Robert Hasserjian in Bone Marrow Haematopathology 340 Anna Porwit and Mats Ehinger 9. Acute MyeloidLeukaemia 127 KaarenReichard and DanielAArber 20. Molecular Diagnostics in Bone Marrow Haematopathology 362 10. MyeloproliferativeNeoplasms 146 Mats Ehinger, Per Levéen and Anna Porwit Hans Michael Kvasnickaand Attilio Orazi 11. Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 162 Julia Geyer andAttilio Orazi Index 418 v Contributors Mariam Amer MBBCH, MSc Robert Hasserjian MD Haematology andClinical Pathology, Cairo MassachusettsGeneral Hospital, Hematopathology University,Cairo, Egypt Fellowship Program, PathologyService, Harvard Medical School,MA, USA DanielA Arber MD Department of Pathology,University of Chicago, Konnie Hebeda MD, PhD Chicago, IL, USA Department of Pathology,Radboud University Medical Center,Nijmegen, The Netherlands Ayoma AttygalleMBBS, FRCPath, PhD Specialist Integrated HaematologicalMalignancy Sunil Iyengar MBBS, MRCP, FRCPath, PhD Diagnostic Service (SIHMDS), Centre for Molecular Specialist Integrated HaematologicalMalignancy Pathology,Royal MarsdenHospital, Surrey, UK Diagnostic Service (SIHMDS), Centre for Molecular Pathology,Royal MarsdenHospital, Surrey, UK Mats EhingerMD, PhD Department of Pathologyand Oncology, Institution Amy Jencks DO ofClinical Sciences,Lund University,Lund, DepartmentofPathology,UniversityofNewMexico, Sweden NM, USA Hesham El Daly MBBCH, MSc, MSc, PhD,FRCPath Monika Klimkowska MD, PhD Haematopathology OncologyDiagnostic Service, Department of Clinical Pathologyand Cytology, CambridgeUniversityHospitals,Cambridge,UKand Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm,Sweden Clinical Pathology, Cairo University,Cairo, Egypt Hans MichaelKvasnicka MD, PhD FalkoFend MD, PhD Institute of Pathology and MolecularPathology, InstituteofPathologyandNeuropathology,Reference Helios University ClinicWuppertal, University of Center for Hematopathology, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstr. 40, 42283Wuppertal, Tuebingen,Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany Germany Per Levéen PhD Tracy GeorgeMD Department of Pathologyand Oncology, Institution Clinical Affairs Hematopathology,Departmentof ofClinical Sciences,Lund University,Lund, Sweden Pathology,UniversityofNewMexicoHealthSciences Emily Mason MD, PhD Center, NM, USA Department of Pathology,Microbiology, and JuliaGeyer MD Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathologyand Laboratory Medicine, Nashville, TN,USA Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, SA Roberto Miranda MD Anna Green BA,MBBS, FRCPath Department of Hematopathology, Division of Department of Cellular Pathology,St Thomas’ Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University ofTexas Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK MDAnderson CancerCenter,Houston, TX, USA vi Contributors Attilio Orazi MD, FRCPath Alexandar Tzankov MD, PhD Department of Pathology atTexasTech HistopathologyandAutopsy,UniversityHospital University HealthSciences Center, Paul Basel,PathologySchoenbeinstrasse,Basel,Switzerland L. Foster Schoolof Medicine, ElPaso, Jon vander Walt MB, BCh, FRCPath Texas, USA Histopathology, Guy’s and StThomas’Hospitals, Anna Porwit MD, PhD London,UK Department of Pathology andOncology, Institution Girish Venkataraman MD of Clinical Sciences,LundUniversity,Lund, ImmunohistochemistryLab,Departmentof Sweden Pathology, Section of Hematopathology, The Olga PozdnyakovaMD,PhD University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Sa Wang MD Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Divisionof Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University Lívia Rásó-Barnett MBBCH, PhD,FRCPath of Texas MD AndersonCancer Center, and Haematopathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Department of HospitalFlow Cytometry Laboratory, Cambridge, UK The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,Houston,TX, USA Kaaren Reichard MD Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Olga WeinbergMD Divisionof Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, DepartmentofPathologyBostonChildren’sHospital, Rochester,MN, USA Boston,MA, USA vii Preface The use of a bone marrow trephine biopsy has a LymphoidTissues,whichwaspublishedinSeptember venerable history, the first diagnostic biopsy dating 2017. The WHO classification mandates the integra- backtothebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.How- tion of clinical, morphological, immunological and ever, the trephine biopsy only entered mainstream molecular diagnosis into a final report in which all practice in the 1950s with the development of the the modalities are integrated. This book, Diagnostic modern biopsy technique, using the right posterior Bone Marrow Haematopathology, brings together iliac crest. Initially, analysis was largely morpho- multiple authors all of whom are specialist haemato- logical, using either haematoxylin and eosin or pathologistsbasedinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesof Giemsa type stains, assisted by tinctorial stains. The America.The20chaptersfollowtheWHOclassifica- finer details of the marrow were obtained from the tion and the multimodality diagnostic approach is aspiratesmearsandthetwotechniqueswerecomple- emphasized throughout. The importance of optimal mentary. New players on the scene arrived in the processing of biopsies for the molecular era and the shape of immunohistochemistry, which allowed need for quality control in the age of personalised accurateidentificationofcellsinthebiopsy,andflow medicine is highlighted. The book concludes with cytometry, which performed a similar function for chapters describing immunological and molecular the peripheral blood and aspirate. Most recently, a diagnostic techniques used in modern wide range of molecular diagnostic techniques has haematopathology. extended the diagnostic repertoire into the very mol- Wehopethisbookwilllivenexttothemicroscope ecules of the bone marrow, using peripheral blood and that users at all levels of experience and back- and aspiratedor biopsied marrow. grounds will find it to be a resource for the study of Not surprisingly, advances in diagnostic tech- the pathology of bone marrow disease as well as a niques have resulted in advances in the clinically day-to-dayreferenceguidetothedetailsofclassifica- relevantclassificationofdiseasesofthebonemarrow, tion and diagnosis. To this end, wherever possible reflected in the 2016 revision to the World Health diagnostic criteria and reference information is pre- Organization Classification of Haematopoietic and sented in atabular form foreveryday quick access. ix
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