Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease PDF
Preview Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease THIRD EDITION Michael A. Gatzoulis, MD, PhD, FACC, FESC Professor of Cardiology and Consultant Cardiologist Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom Gary D. Webb, MD, CM, FACC Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine Consulting Cardiologist The Adult Congenital Heart Program Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Cincinnati, Ohio Piers E.F. Daubeney, DM, FRCP, FRCPCH Consultant Pediatric and Fetal Cardiologist Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, THIRD EDITION ISBN: 978-0-7020-6929-1 Copyright © 2018 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechani- cal, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permis- sions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2011 and 2003. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gatzoulis, Michael A., editor. | Webb, Gary D., editor. | Daubeney, Piers E. F., editor. Title: Diagnosis and management of adult congenital heart disease / [edited by] Michael A. Gatzoulis, Gary D. Webb, Piers E.F. Daubeney. Description: Third edition. | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016051384 | ISBN 9780702069291 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: | MESH: Heart Defects, Congenital--diagnosis | Heart Defects, Congenital--therapy | Adult Classification: LCC RC687 | NLM WG 220 | DDC 616.1/2043--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016051384 Content Strategist: Maureen Iannuzzi Senior Content Development Specialist: Joan Ryan Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian Senior Project Manager: Amanda Mincher Design Direction: Amy Buxton Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Julie, Mikey, and William To Anne, Laura, and Natalie To Nara, Henry, Beatrice, Daphne, and Hugo CONTRIBUTORS David Alexander, MBChB, FRCA Lee N. Benson, MD Consultant Anesthetist Director, The Cardiac Diagnostic and Interventional Unit Royal Brompton Hospital Professor of Pediatrics London, United Kingdom The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario, Canada Abdullah A. Alghamdi, MD, MSC, FRCSC Cardiac Surgery Fellow Maria Boutsikou, MD, MSc, PhD University of Toronto Clinical and Research Fellow in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Toronto, Ontario, Canada The Royal Brompton Hospital Adult Congenital Heart Centre Rafael Alonso-Gonzalez, MD, MSc Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension Consultant Cardiologist London, United Kingdom Adult Congenital Heart Centre Royal Brompton Hospital Craig S. Broberg, MD, FACC London, United Kingdom Assistant Professor Director, Adult Congenital Heart Disease Naser M. Ammash, MD Oregon Health and Science University Professor of Medicine Portland, Oregon Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Albert V.G. Bruschke, MD, PhD, FACC Rochester, Minnesota Emeritus Professor of Cardiology Leiden University Medical Center Annalisa Angelini, MD, FESC Leiden, The Netherlands Associate Professor of Pathological Anatomy Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences Werner Budts, MD, PhD University of Padua Professor of Medicine and Cardiology Padua, Italy Catholic University of Leuven Head of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Iain Armstrong, PhD, MSc University of Hospitals and Leuven Clinic Nurse Consultant Leuven, Belgium Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit Royal Hallamshire Hospital Alida L.P. Caforio, MD, PhD Sheffield, United Kingdom Associate Professor of Pathological Anatomy Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences Sonya V. Babu-Narayan, MBBs, BSc, PhD, FRCP, FESC University of Padua Clinical Senior Lecturer Padua, Italy Adult Congenital Heart Disease Honorary Consultant Cardiologist Marie Chaix, MD, MSc National Heart and Lung Institute Adult Congenital Heart Disease Fellow Imperial College London Montreal Heart Institute Royal Brompton Hospital University of Montreal London, United Kingdom Montreal, Quebec, Canada Vivan J.M. Baggen, MD Anisa Chaudhry, MD Research Fellow Adult Congenital Heart Disease Fellow Department of Cardiology Cincinnati Children’s Heart Institute Erasmus Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Rotterdam, The Netherlands Stavros Chryssanthopoulos, MD Cristina Basso, MD, PhD Research Associate Full Professor of Pathology Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences Athens, Greece University of Padua Padua, Italy Preeti Choudhary, BSc (Med), MBBS, FRACP Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Elisabeth Bédard, MD St. Bartholomews NHS Trust University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology of Quebec Faculty of Medicine Quebec, Canada University of Sydney Sydney, Australia iv CONTRIBUTORS v Dennis V. Cokkinos, MD Piers E.F. Daubeney, DM, FRCP, FRCPCH Professor Emeritus Consultant Pediatric and Fetal Cardiologist University of Athens Royal Brompton Hospital Director Emeritus London, United Kingdom Cardiology Department Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center Mark J. Dayer, PhD, FRCP Director, Heart and Vessel Research Department Consultant Cardiologist Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Department of Cardiology Athens, Greece Taunton and Somerset NHS Trust Taunton, United Kingdom Jack M. Colman, MD, FRCPC Professor of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology Barbara J. Deal, MD University of Toronto Division Head, Cardiology Cardiologist Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Mount Sinai Hospital/Sinai Health System and Toronto Congenital Getz Professor of Cardiology Cardiac Centre for Adults Professor of Pediatrics Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine University Health Network Chicago, Illinois Toronto, Ontario, Canada Joseph A. Dearani, MD Michael S. Connelly, BSc, MBBS, MRCP Professor of Surgery Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Cardiac Sciences Mayo Clinic Division of Cardiology Rochester, Minnesota Department of Medicine University of Calgary Gerhard-Paul Diller, MD, PhD Peter Lougheed Centre Professor Foothills Medical Centre Consultant Cardiologist Calgary, Alberta, Canada University Hospital Munster, Germany Domenico Corrado, MD, PhD National Heart and Lung Institute Full Professor, Cardiovascular Medicine Imperial College Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences London, United Kingdom University of Padua Padua, Italy Konstantinos Dimopoulos, MD, MSc, PhD, FESC Consultant Cardiologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer Cristina Basso, MD, PhD Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Associate Professor of Pathology Hypertension Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College University of Padua London, United Kingdom Padua, Italy Annie Dore, MD, FRCP(c) Mark Cox, MBBS, FRCA Associate Professor of Medicine Consultant Obstetric Anesthetist University of Montreal Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Clinical Director, Adult Congenital Heart Centre London, United Kingdom Montreal Heart Institute Montreal, Quebec, Canada Gordon Cumming, MD, FRCPC, FACC, FAHA, DBIM Professor of Pediatrics Jacqueline Durbridge, MBBS, FRCA University of Manitoba Consultant Obstetric Anesthetist Winnipeg, Canada Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London, United Kingdom Marianne Cumming, BSc (Pharm), MSc, MD, DBIM, FALU Senior Vice President Alexander R. Ellis, MD, MSc Global Head of Life Guide Associate Professor Life & Health Products Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Swiss Re America Holding Corporation Eastern Virginia Medical School Fort Wayne, Indiana Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters Michele D’Alto, MD, PhD, FESC Director Consultant Cardiologist Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program Head, Pulmonary Hypertension Unit Co-Director Echocardiography Lab Department of Cardiology Norfolk, Virginia Second University of Naples Monaldi Hospital Sabine Ernst, MD Naples, Italy Consultant Cardiologist Reader in Cardiology, Imperial College Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London, United Kingdom vi CONTRIBUTORS Peter Ewert, MD Jane Heggie, MD Professor of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia Medical Director Toronto General Hospital Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease University Health Network German Heart Center Munich Toronto, Ontario, Canada Technical University of Munich Munich, Germany Paul Herijgers, MD Chair, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Marny Fedrigo, MD KU Leuven–University of Leuven Associate Professor of Pathological Anatomy Leuven, Belgium Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences University of Padua Siew Yen Ho, PhD, FRCPath Padua, Italy Professor/Consultant Cardiac Morphology Simon J. Finney, MSc, PhD, MRCP, FRCA, FFICM Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust Consultant in Intensive Care and Anesthesia London, United Kingdom Barts Heart Centre St Bartholomew’s Hospital Kimberly Holst, MD London, United Kingdom Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Romy Franken, MD Rochester, Minnesota Resident in Cardiology Academic Medical Center Eric Horlick, MD Amsterdam, The Netherlands Peter Munk Chair in Structural Heart Disease Intervention Associate Professor of Medicine Michael A. Gatzoulis, MD, PhD, FACC, FESC Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Professor of Cardiology and Consultant Cardiologist Toronto General Hospital Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary University Health Network Hypertension Toronto, Ontario, Canada Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom Tim Hornung, MB, MRCP Clinical Senior Lecturer Marc Gewillig, MD, PhD University of Auckland Professor of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Cardiologist KU Leuven–University of Leuven Green Lane Congenital Cardiac Service Leuven, Belgium Auckland City Hospital Auckland, New Zealand George Giannakoulas, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Cardiology Jan Janousek, MD, PhD AHEPA University Hospital Director, Children’s Heart Centre (Detske kardiocentrum) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki University Hospital Motol Thessaloniki, Greece Prague, Czech Republic Matthias Greutmann, MD, FESC Harald Kaemmerer, MD, VMD University Heart Center, Cardiology Professor of Internal Medicine University Hospital Zurich Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease Zurich, Switzerland German Heart Center Munich Technical University of Munich Hong Gu, MD, PhD Munich, Germany Vice Director, Department of Pediatric Cardiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Juan Pablo Kaski, MBBS, MD(Res), FESC, FRCP Capital Medical University Director, Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing, China Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London, United Kingdom Ankur Gulati, BA Hons (Cantab), MB BChir, MA, MRCP, MD Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance W. Aaron Kay, MD Research Fellow Assistant Professor of Medicine Cardiology Specialist Registrar Krannert Institute of Cardiology Royal Brompton Hospital Indiana University School of Medicine London, United Kingdom Indianapolis, Indiana Carl Harries, BSc (Hons) Paul Khairy, MD, PhD, FRCPC Clinical Nurse Specialist Professor and Research Chair Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Electrophysiology and Congenital Heart Disease Royal Brompton Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Montreal London, United Kingdom Scientific Director, Montreal Heart Institute Adult Congenital Center Director, Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center Montreal, Quebec, Canada CONTRIBUTORS vii Abigail Khan, MD Ariane Marelli, MD, MPH, FRCPC, FACC, FAHA Assistant Professor Professor of Medicine Adult Congenital Heart Disease McGill University Oregon Health and Science University Founding Director, McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease Portland, Oregon Director, Cardiovascular Research Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre Philip J. Kilner, MD Montreal, Canada Consultant in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College Elisabeth Martin, MD, MPH London, United Kingdom Chief Resident Department of Cardiac Surgery Adrienne H. Kovacs, PhD Laval University Knight Cardiovascular Institute Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Oregon Health & Science University Quebec, Quebec, Canada Portland, Oregon Constantine Mavroudis, MD Michael J. Landzberg, MD Chairman, Department of Pediatric and Adult Associate Professor of Medicine Congenital Heart Surgery Harvard Medical School Ross Chair in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Surgery Director, Boston Adult Congenital Heart and Pulmonary Joint Appointment in Bioethics Hypertension Group Professor of Surgery Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital Cleveland Clinic Boston, Massachusetts Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Olga Lazoura, PhD Consultant Radiologist Bryan Maxwell, MD, MPH Royal Free Hospital Anesthesiologist London, United Kingdom Randall Children’s Hospital Portland, Oregon Wei Li, MD, PhD, FESC, FACC Consultant in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Brian W. McCrindle, MD, MPH Echocardiography Labatt Family Heart Centre Royal Brompton Hospital The Hospital for Sick Children National Heart and Lung Institute University of Toronto Imperial College London Toronto, Canada Adult Congenital Heart Centre Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension Doff B. McElhinney, MD London, United Kingdom Professor Cardiothoracic Surgery Eric Lim, MD Stanford University Consultant Thoracic Surgeon Palo Alto, California Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom Folkert J. Meijboom, MD, PhD, FESC Consultant, Department of Cardiology Department of Cardiology and Pediatrics National Heart Centre Singapore University Medical Centre Utrecht Singapore Utrecht, The Netherlands Emmanouil Liodakis, MD François-Pierre Mongeon, MD, SM, FRCPC Cardiologist Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine Royal Brompton Hospital University of Montreal London, United Kingdom Consultant Cardiologist Adult Congenital Heart Center Carmen J. Lopez-Guarch, MD, MSc, PhD Montreal Heart Institute Cardiac Imaging Unit Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Cardiology University Hospital 12 de Octubre Claudia Montanaro, MD Madrid, Spain Cardiology Consultant Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust Koen Luyckx, PhD London, United Kingdom Associate Professor School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development Roisin Monteiro, MBBS, MRCP, FRCA KU Leuven–University of Leuven Obstetric Anesthetic Fellow Leuven, Belgium Department of Anesthesia Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London, United Kingdom viii CONTRIBUTORS Philip Moons, PhD, RN †Joseph K. Perloff, MS, MD Full Professor Streisand/American Heart Association Department of Public Health and Primary Care Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, Emeritus KU Leuven–University of Leuven Founding Director, Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Leuven, Belgium Disease Center University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine Barbara J.M. Mulder, MD, PhD Los Angeles, California Professor of Cardiology Academic Medical Center Frank A. Pigula, MD Amsterdam, The Netherlands Associate Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School Edward Nicol, MD, MBA, FRCP, FRCR, FACC, FSCCT Associate in Cardiac Surgery Consultant Cardiologist Children’s Hospital Boston Royal Brompton Hospital Boston, Massachusetts London, United Kingdom Kalliopi Pilichou, Phd, BSc Koichiro Niwa, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA, FJCC Assistant Professor of Pathology Director Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences Department of Cardiology University of Padua St. Luke’s International Hospital Padua, Italy Tokyo, Japan Nancy Poirier, MD Gabrielle Norrish, BMBCh, MRCPCH Associate Professor Great Ormond Street Hospital Department of Cardiac Surgery London, United Kingdom University of Montreal Montreal Heart Institute Clare O’Donnell, MBChB, FRACP Montreal, Quebec, Canada Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiologist Green Lane Congenital Cardiac Service Sanjay Kumar Prasad, MD, FRCP, FESC Auckland City Hospital Consultant Cardiologist Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer Cardiovascular Magentic Resonance Unit University of Auckland Royal Brompton Hospital Auckland, New Zealand London, United Kingdom Erwin Notker Oechslin, MD, FRCPC, FESC Michael A. Quail, MBChB (hons), PhD, MRCPCH Professor of Medicine Pediatric Cardiology Specialist Registrar University of Toronto Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust Director, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults London, United Kingdom The Bitove Family Professor of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Jelena Radojevic Liegeois, MD University Health Network/Toronto General Hospital Cardiologie Foetale Toronto, Ontario, Canada Pédiatrique et Congénitale Strasbourg, France Alexander R. Opotowsky, MD, MMSc Department of Medicine Andrew N. Redington, MD, FRCP Brigham and Women’s Hospital Head, Division of Cardiology Department of Cardiology Hospital for Sick Children Boston Children’s Hospital Professor of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School University of Toronto Boston, Massachusetts BMO Financial Group Chair in Cardiology Labatt Family Heart Centre Mark Osten, MD Hospital for Sick Children Assistant Professor of Medicine Toronto, Ontario, Canada Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Toronto General Hospital Michael L. Rigby, MD, FRCP, FRCPCH University Health Network Consultant Cardiologist Toronto, Ontario, Canada Division of Pediatric Cardiology Royal Brompton Hospital Mehul B. Patel, MD London, United Kingdom Assistant Professor Department of Medicine Josep Rodés-Cabau, MD Division of Cardiology University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology of Quebec Michigan State University Quebec, Canada Grand Rapids, Michigan �Deceased CONTRIBUTORS ix Anitra W. Romfh, MD Lars Søndergaard, MD, DMSc Clinical Assistant Professor Professor of Cardiology Pediatrics–Cardiology The Heart Center Clinical Assistant Professor Rigshospitalet Cardiovascular Medicine University of Copenhagen Stanford School of Medicine Copenhagen, Denmark Palo Alto, California Mark S. Spence, MB, BCh, BAO (Hons), FRCP Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink, MD, PhD Honorary Senior Lecturer Professor Queens University Belfast Department of Cardiology Consultant Cardiologist Erasmus Medical Center Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Trust Rotterdam, The Netherlands Belfast, United Kingdom Suzanne Rowsell, MSc, BSc Philip J. Steer, BSc, MB BS, MD Sister in Charge Emeritus Professor Paul Wood Ward Imperial College London Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Arterial Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hypertension Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom London, United Kingdom Lorna Swan, MBChB, MD, FRCP Michael B. Rubens, MB, BS, LRCP, MRCS, DMRD, FRCR Consultant Cardiologist Consultant Radiologist Royal Brompton Hospital Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom London, United Kingdom András Szatmári, MD Fadi Sawaya, MD Professor of Pediatric Cardiology Interventional Cardiology Medical Director, Hungarian Institute of Cardiology The Heart Center Budapest, Hungary Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Shigeru Tateno, MD, PhD, FJCC Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatrics Chiba Cardiovascular Center Markus Schwerzmann, MD, FESC Chiba, Japan University of Bern Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program Upasana Tayal, BMBCh, MRCP Inselspital Department of Cardiology Bern, Switzerland Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom Mary N. Sheppard, MD, PhD CRY Department of Cardiovascular Pathology Basil D. Thanopoulos, MD, PhD Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre Department of Interventional Cardiology St. George’s University of London St. Luke Clinic London, United Kingdom Thessaloniki, Greece Darryl F. Shore, MD, FRCS Judith Therrien, MD Director, Heart Division Associate Professor of Medicine Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust Director of ACHD Fellowship Program London, United Kingdom MAUDE Unit Jewish General Hospital Harsimran S. Singh, MD, MSc McGill University Health Center David S. Blumenthal Assistant Professor of Medicine McGill University Director, Cornell Center for Adult Congenital Heart Disease Montreal, Quebec, Canada Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian Hospital Gaetano Thiene, MD New York, New York Associate Professor of Pathological Anatomy Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences Jane Somerville, MD, FRCP University of Padua Emeritus Professor of Cardiology Padua, Italy Imperial College Royal Brompton Hospital Sara A. Thorne, MBBS, MD London, United Kingdom Consultant Cardiologist Queen Elizabeth Hospital University of Birmingham Birmingham, United Kingdom
Description:The list of books you might like
