Diagnosis and control of diseases of fish and shellfish

317 Pages·2017·6.82 MB·English

by  Austin

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DiagnosisandControlofDiseasesofFishandShellfish
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Diagnosis and Control of Diseases of
Fish and Shellfish
Editedby
BrianAustin
ProfessorEmeritus,UniversityofStirling,Scotland,UK
AweedaNewaj-Fyzul
UniversityoftheWestIndies
(cid:2) TrinidadandAgriquatics,Chaguanas,Trinidad (cid:2)
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2017
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v
Contents
ListofContributors xiii
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
BrianAustinandAweedaNewaj-Fyzul
Conclusion 3
References 3
2 BacterialDiagnosisandControlinFishandShellfish 5
MagsCrumlish
(cid:2) Introduction 5 (cid:2)
BacterialInfectionsinAquaculture 5
BacterialDiseaseDiagnosticsandControlofInfections 6
ModernApproachesinBacterialDiagnostics 9
ControlStrategiesAgainstBacterialDiseases 10
EmergingBacterialDiseases 11
ClimateChangeandAquaticBacterialDisease 12
PolymicrobialandConcurrentInfections 13
PublicHealthandAquaculture 13
Conclusion 14
References 14
3 ComplexitiesofDiagnosticsofVirusesAffectingFarmedAquaticSpecies 19
ManfredWeidmann
References 29
4 ParasiticDiseasesinAquaculture:TheirBiology,DiagnosisandControl 37
GiuseppePaladini,MattLongshaw,AndreaGustinelli,andAndrewP.Shinn
Introduction 37
Protista 38
BiologyandTaxonomy 38
Life-Cycle 38
PublicHealth 38
SignificantPathogenswithintheGroup 40
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vi Contents
Reviews 40
Identification 41
DiagnosticMethods 41
Myxozoa 42
BiologyandTaxonomy 42
Life-Cycle 42
PublicHealth 43
SignificantPathogenswithintheGroup 43
Reviews 43
Identification 43
DiagnosticMethods 43
Mesomycetozoea,FungiandFungal-LikeOrganisms 44
BiologyandTaxonomy 44
Life-Cycle 44
PublicHealth 45
SignificantPathogenswithintheGroup 45
Reviews 46
Identification 46
DiagnosticMethods 46
Monogenea 46
BiologyandTaxonomy 46
Life-Cycle 48
(cid:2) PublicHealth 48 (cid:2)
SignificantPathogenswithintheGroup 49
Reviews 49
Identification 49
DiagnosticMethods 49
Digenea 50
BiologyandTaxonomy 50
Life-Cycle 52
PublicHealth 52
SignificantPathogenswithintheGroup 53
Reviews 54
Identification 54
DiagnosticMethods 54
Cestoda 55
BiologyandTaxonomy 55
Life-Cycle 55
PublicHealth 56
SignificantPathogenswithintheGroup 57
Reviews 57
Identification 57
DiagnosticMethods 57
Nematoda 58
BiologyandTaxonomy 58
Life-Cycle 58
PublicHealth 59
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Contents vii
SignificantPathogenswithintheGroup 59
Reviews 60
Identification 60
DiagnosticMethods 60
Acanthocephala 60
BiologyandTaxonomy 60
Life-Cycle 61
PublicHealth 62
SignificantPathogenswithintheGroup 62
Reviews 62
Identification 62
DiagnosticMethods 63
Arthropoda 63
BiologyandTaxonomy 63
Life-Cycles 63
ParasiticCopepods 63
Isopods 65
Branchiurans 65
PublicHealth 65
SignificantPathogenswithintheGroup 66
Reviews 66
TaxonomyandSystematics 66
(cid:2) Identification 67 (cid:2)
DiagnosticMethods 68
Treatment,ProphylaxisandFarmManagementPractices 69
ChemicalApproaches 69
Reviews 70
ParasiticideModeofAction 71
Non-ChemicalApproachesinParasiteControl 72
Biosecurity 72
FarmInfrastructure 72
Husbandry-BasedPractices 73
Diet 74
BiologicalInterventions 74
GeneticBreedingProgrammes 74
PhysicalMeasures 75
MechanicalMeasures 75
Conclusion 76
References 77
5 ModernMethodsofDiagnosis 109
AhranKim,ThanhLuanNguyen,andDo-HyungKim
Introduction 109
DiagnosticMethodsforAquaticDiseases 110
ConventionalMethods 110
Histopathology 110
Parasitology 110
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viii Contents
Bacteriology 111
Virology 111
ImmunoserologicalMethods 112
MonoclonalandPolyclonalAntibodies 112
Enzyme-linkedImmunosorbentAssay 114
ImmunofluorescenceTest 114
Immunohistochemistry(IHC) 117
LateralFlowImmunoassay 119
MolecularMethods 121
HybridizationMethods 121
NucleicAcidAmplificationMethods 123
MolecularTypingMethods 128
FutureDiagnosticMethods 129
Nanotechnology-basedStrategiesforRapidDetectionofFishPathogens 129
MALDI-TOFMassSpectrometryforMicrobialIdentification 130
High-throughputSequencingTechnologies 132
Whole-genomeSequencingofBacterialPathogens 132
MetagenomicsApproachesforPathogenDetection 134
Conclusion 135
References 137
6 ImmunostimulantDietsandOralVaccinationInFish 147
(cid:2) EvaVallejos-Vidal,FelipeReyes-López,andSimonMacKenzie (cid:2)
Introduction 147
CommonlyMeasuredImmunologicalParameters 148
Plant,HerbalandAlgalExtracts 150
PlantandHerbExtracts 151
Andrographispaniculata 151
Aloebarbadensis 151
ChineseHerbs 152
Azadirachtaindica 152
Camelliasinensis 152
Cedrusdeodara 153
Citrussinensis 153
Coffeaarabica 153
Echinacea 153
Ecliptaalba 154
Menthapiperita 154
Ocimumsanctum(Tulsi,QueenofPlants) 154
PsidiumguajavaL 154
Rehmanniaglutinosa 154
Rhizophoraapiculata 155
Cotinuscoggyria 155
Urticadioica 155
Viscumalbumcoloratum 155
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Contents ix
Zingiberofficinale 156
AlgaeandFungiExtracts 156
Astaxanthin 156
Navicula 156
Porphyridiumcruentum 157
Spirulinaplatensis 157
Ganodermalucidum 158
Lentinulaedodes 158
DietsContainingPathogen-AssociatedMolecularPatterns 158
Beta-Glucan 158
Saccharomycescerevisiae 161
Chitin 162
ReceptorsMediatingImmunostimulationViaPAMPs 162
OralVaccination 164
GutImmunity 165
Non-encapsulatedVaccines 166
EncapsulatedOralVaccines 166
FuturePerspectives 167
References 168
7 PrebioticsandSynbiotics 185
SeyedHosseinHoseinifar,Yun-ZhangSun,andZhigzhangZhou
(cid:2) TheInteractionsbetweenFeedAdditivesandDiseasesofFishandShellfish 185 (cid:2)
PrebioticsandSynbiotics:DefinitionandHistory 185
ModeofActionsonDiseaseResistance 186
StrengtheningtheImmuneResponse 186
Conclusion 187
References 187
8 ProbioticsforDiseaseControlinAquaculture 189
S.M.SharifuzzamanandBrianAustin
Introduction 189
DefinitionofProbiotics 190
SourceofProbiotics 191
ApplicationMethodsandOptions 192
DeliveryMethod 192
Dosage,FrequencyandDurationofAdministration 193
UseofSingleStrainorCombinations 194
Dead,InactivatedorCellComponent 194
RangeofProbioticsandtheirEfficacy 195
ModesofAction 204
ExampleofCommercial-ScaleApplication 207
SafetyandRegulatoryIssues 208
Conclusion 208
References 209
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x Contents
9 UseofMedicinalPlantsinAquaculture 223
MirianReverter,NathalieTapissier-Bontemps,PierreSasal,andDenisSaulnier
Introduction 223
MedicinalPlantsinAquaculture 224
BiologicalActivityofMedicinalPlantsinAquaculture 224
ApplicationofMedicinalPlantsinAquaculture 225
AnalysisofPlantsUsedinAquaculture 227
PlantOrdersMostFrequentlyUsedinAquaculture 239
Lamiales 239
Fabales 241
Asterales 241
Malpighiales 242
PlantSpeciesMostWidelyUsedinAquaculture 242
AnalysisofPlantBioactivity 243
AnalysisofPlantPartsUsedinAquaculture 244
OtherPlantsandPerspectives 244
Conclusion 245
References 246
10 AntibioticsandDisinfectants 263
BrianAustin
Introduction 263
(cid:2) Antibiotics 264 (cid:2)
ChemotherapyRegimes 264
BacterialKidneyDisease(BKD) 264
Chryseobacteriumscophthalmum 267
Cold-WaterDisease/RainbowTroutFrySyndrome(RTFS) 267
Cold-WaterVibriosis 267
Columnaris 267
Edwardsiellosis(Edwardsiellaictaluri) 267
Edwardsiellosis(E.tarda) 267
EntericRedmouth(ERM) 267
Flavobacteriosis 268
Flavobacteriumjohnsoniae 268
Francisellosis 268
Furunculosis;CarpErythrodermatitis;GoldfishUlcerDisease 268
Gaffkemia 268
LactococcosisandStreptococcosis 268
MotileAeromonasSepticaemia(Aeromonashydrophila) 269
Mycobacteriosis 269
Nocardiosis 269
Pasteurellosis 269
Plesiomonasshigelloides 269
Rickettsiosis 269
Sekitenbyo;RedSpot 269
Sporocytophagasp. 269
Staphylococcusaureus 269
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Contents xi
Staphylococcusepidermidis 269
Tenacibaculummaritimum 269
Vibriosis(Vibrioanguillarum;V.ordalii) 270
Vibrioalginolyticus 270
Vibrioharveyi 270
Vibriopelagius 270
Vibriosplendidus 270
Disinfectants 270
DisinfectantRegimes 271
AeromonasSepticaemia;Fin/TailRot 271
AmoebicGillDisease(AGD)andSeaLice 271
BacterialGillDisease 271
BacterialKidneyDisease 271
Botulism 271
Citrobacterfreundii 271
Cold-WaterDisease 271
Columnaris 271
ColumnarisandIchthyobodonecator–ConcurrentInfections 272
CrayfishPlague 272
Flavobacteriumjohnsoniae 272
Gyrodactylussalaris 272
InfectiousHaematopoieticNecrosis(IHN) 272
(cid:2) InfectiousPancreaticNecrosis(IPN) 272 (cid:2)
Mycobacteriosis 272
Pseudomonasfluorescens 272
Sporocytophagasp. 273
Conclusion 273
References 273
11 ManagementTechniquesandDiseaseControl 279
AweedaNewaj-FyzulandBrianAustin
Introduction 279
Disinfection 279
Hygiene 280
AcquisitionofNewStock 280
StockingLevels 280
WaterFlowandAeration 280
Feed/FeedingRegimes 281
Vermin 281
References 281
12 Conclusions 283
BrianAustinandAweedaNewaj-Fyzul
References 284
Index 289
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