Diabetes in America, 2nd Edition

804 Pages·1995·51.8 MB·English

IN
AMERICA

National Diabetes Data Group
DIABETES
IN
AMERICA
Office cf Minority Health
Resource Center
PC) Box 37337
Washington, DC 20013-7337
2nd Edition
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
NIH Publication No. 95-1468
1995

Table of Contents
Preface . vii
Members of the National Diabetes Data Group . ix
Editorial Board and List of Authors . xi
Chapter 1 Summary . 1
Maureen I. Harris
Section I: Descriptive Epidemiology
Chapter 2 Classification, Diagnostic Criteria, and Screening for Diabetes . 15
Maureen I. Harris
Chapter 3 Prevalence and Incidence of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes . 37
Ronald E. LaPorte, Masato Matsushima, and Yue-Fang Chang
Chapter 4 Prevalence and Incidence of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes . 47
Susan J. Kenny, Ronald E. Aubert, and Linda S. Geiss
Chapter 5 Prevalence and Incidence of Secondary and Other Types of Diabetes ... 69
Om P. Ganda
Chapter 6 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Persons with Diabetes . 85
Catherine C. Cowie and Mark S. Eberhardt
Chapter 7 Physical and Metabolic Characteristics of Persons with Diabetes . 117
Catherine C. Cowie and Maureen 1. Harris
Chapters Risk Factors for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes . 165
Janice S. Dorman, Bridget J. McCarthy, Leslie A. O’Leary, and Anita N. Koehler
Chapter 9 Risk Factors for Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes . 179
Marian Rewers and Richard E Hamman
Chapter 10 Mortality in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes . 221
Enrico Portuese and Trevor Orchard
Chapter 11 Mortality in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes . 233
Linda S. Geiss, William H. Herman, and Philip J. Smith
Section II: Complications of Diabetes
Chapter 12 Disability in Diabetes . 259
Thomas J. Songer
iii
Chapter 13 Acute Metabolic Complications in Diabetes . 283
Howard Fishbein and P.J. Palumbo
Chapter 14 Vision Disorders in Diabetes . 293
Ronald Klein and Barbara E.K. Klein
Chapter 15 Neuropathy in Diabetes . 339
Richard C. Eastman
Chapter 16 Kidney Diseases in Diabetes . 349
Robert G. Nelson, William C. Knowler, David J. Pettitt, and Peter H. Bennett
Chapter 17 Peripheral Vascular Disease and Diabetes . 401
PJ. Palumbo and L. Joseph Melton III
Chapter 18 Lower Extremity Foot Ulcers and Amputations in Diabetes . 409
Gayle E. Reiber, Edward J. Boyko, and Douglas G. Smith
Chapter 19 Heart Disease and Diabetes . 429
Deborah L. Wingard and Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Chapter 20 Stroke and Diabetes . 449
Lewis H. Kuller
Chapter 21 Digestive Diseases and Diabetes . 457
James E. Everhart
Chapter 22 Infection and Diabetes . 485
Edward J. Boyko and Benjamin A. Lipsky
Chapter 23 Oral Complications in Diabetes . 501
Harald Lbe and Robert J. Genco
Chapter 24 Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetes in Adult Populations . 507
Patrick J. Lustman and Jeffrey A. Gavard
Section III: Medical Care for Diabetes
Chapter 25 Therapy for Diabetes . 519
Brian J. Fertig, David A. Simmons, and Donald B. Martin
Chapter 26 Ambulatory Medical Care for Diabetes . 541
Gail R. Janes
Chapter 27 Diabetes-Related Hospitalization and Hospital Utilization 553
Ronald E. Aubert, Linda S. Geiss, David J. Ballard,
Beth Cocanougher, and William H. Herman
Chapter 28 Diabetes and Long-Term Care . 571
Jennifer A. Mayfield, Partha Deb, and D.E.B. Potter
IV
Section IV: Economic Aspects of Diabetes
Chapter 29 Health Insurance and Diabetes . 591
Maureen I. Harris
Chapter 30 Economic Impact of Diabetes . 601
Jonathan C.Javitt and Yen-Pin Chiang
Section V: Diabetes in Special Populations
Chapter 31 Diabetes in African Americans . 613
Eugene S. Tull and Jeffrey M. Roseman
Chapter 32 Diabetes in Hispanic Americans . 631
Michael P. Stern and Braxton D. Mitchell
Chapter 33 Diabetes in Asian and Pacific Islander Americans . 661
Wilfred Y. Fujimoto
Chapter 34 Diabetes in North American Indians and Alaska Natives . 683
Dorothy Gohdes
Chapter 35 Gestational Diabetes . 703
Donald R. Coustan
Chapter 36 Pregnancy in Preexisting Diabetes . 719
Thomas A. Buchanan
Index . 735
v

Preface
D
iabetes in America, 2nd Edition, has been dence, sociodemographic and metabolic charac¬
sponsored by the National Diabetes Data teristics, risk factors for developing diabetes, and
Group (NDDG) of the National Institute of mortality; the myriad of complications that affect pa¬
Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Dis¬ tients with diabetes; characteristics of therapy and
eases, National Institutes of Health. The NDDG was medical care for diabetes; economic aspects, including
established in 1977 in response to recommendations health insurance and health care costs; and diabetes in
of the U.S. National Commission on Diabetes. Its special populations, including blacks, Hispanics,
purposes are to define needs for information that can Asian and Pacific Islanders, Native Americans, and
address the important scientific and public health pregnant women.
issues in diabetes, facilitate research on the
epidemiologic and clinical aspects of diabetes, and to Diabetes in America, 2nd Edition has been designed to
develop reliable and accurate information on the serve as a reliable scientific resource for assessing the
scope and impact of diabetes in the U.S. population. scope and impact of diabetes and its complications,
determining health policy and priorities in diabetes,
The authors of Diabetes in America, 2nd Edition, are and identifying areas of need in research. The in¬
recognized experts in their fields. Their participation tended audience includes health policy makers at the
brings to the document not only their specific scien¬ local and federal levels who need a sound quantitative
tific expertise, but also the spectrum of disciplines base of knowledge to use in decision making; clini¬
that reflect the broad interests and issues in the diabe¬ cians who need to know the probability that their
tes community. The book represents, in the judgment patients will develop diabetes and the prognosis of the
of its authors and editors, a compilation and assess¬ disease for complications and premature mortality;
ment of the most valid, accurate, and useful data on persons with diabetes and their families who need
diabetes and its complications in the United States. It sound information on which to make decisions about
complements the first edition of Diabetes in America, their life with diabetes; and the research community
published by the NDDG in 1985, which remains a which needs to identify areas where important scien¬
valid reference work for the field of diabetes. tific knowledge is lacking. I hope you will find that
these purposes have been fulfilled.
Five general areas are addressed in the 36 chapters.
These include the descriptive epidemiology of diabe¬
tes in the United States based on national surveys and Maureen I. Harris, PhD, MPH
community-based studies, including prevalence, inci¬ Director, National Diabetes Data Group
vii