Deviant Behavior: Crime, Conflict, and Interest Groups PDF
Preview Deviant Behavior: Crime, Conflict, and Interest Groups
EIGHTH EDITION Deviant Behavior Crime, Conflict, and Interest Groups Charles H. McCaghy Bowling Green State University Timothy A. Capron California State University, Sacramento J. D. Jamieson Texas State University Sandra Harley Carey Texas State University 2 First published 2008, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2008, 2006, 2003, 2000 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. ISBN: 9780205570836 (pbk) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Deviant behavior : crime, conflict, and interest groups / Charles H. McCaghy … [et al.].—Eighth ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-205-57083-6 ISBN-10: 0-205-57083-6 1. Criminology. 2. Deviant behavior. I. McCaghy, Charles H. HV6025.M375 2008 364—dc22 2007030098 Please visit the companion website at www.routledge.com/9780205570836 3 CONTENTS Preface The Concept of Deviant Behavior PART ONE 1 Perspectives on Deviants: The Early Development of Criminal Deviance Theory Who Is Deviant? The Rational Deviant—The Classical School The Deviant as Determined—Positivist Criminology Examining the Physical Characteristics of Deviants Phrenology—The Beginning of the Scientific Study of the Deviant The Positivist School Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web Endnotes 2 Theories of Criminal Deviance Examining Heredity and Mental Deficiencies A Short Note on Eugenics Twin Studies The Bell Curve Physical Characteristics Revisited Biological Inferiority Somatology XYY Chromosome Syndrome Brain Malfunction Emerging Biology-Based Theories Personality Defects and Attributes Psychopathy Traits and Thinking Unconscious Motivation Sociobiology—Trailblazing or Backtracking? 4 The Rise of Social Determinism Economic Influences Karl Marx Willem Bonger Anomie Durkheim’s Anomie Merton’s Anomie Subcultures of Deviance Social Disorganization and Learning Differential Association Theory Control Theory Classical Theory Revisited Women and Deviance Theories Integration of Theories Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web Endnotes 3 Why Is Certain Behavior Deviant? The Labeling Perspective The Production of Deviance The Effect of Labeling on Behavior Conflict Perspectives Culture Conflict Group Conflict Conflict and Authority Radical Theory Postmodern Criminology Once Again:What Is Deviant? Interest Group Conflict and Deviance Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web Endnotes Crime as Deviant Behavior PART TWO 5 4 Crime in the Streets—Against the Person Measuring Crime Murder and Aggravated Assault Dimensions of Homicide Violence: A U.S. Value The Subculture of Interpersonal Violence The Conflict over Guns Forcible Rape Dimensions of Rape Violence and Sex Violent Sex and Conflict Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web Endnotes 5 Crime in the Streets—Against Property Robbery Dimensions of Robbery Types of Robbers Burglary Dimensions of Burglary The World of Burglary Motor Vehicle Theft Dimensions of Motor Vehicle Theft Joyriders, Professionals, and Others Larceny-Theft The Extent of Shoplifting Types of Shoplifters Reactions to Shoplifting Arson Types of Arsonists Larceny in the American Heart The Rip-Off Philosophy Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web 6 Endnotes 6 Assaults against Children and Spouses Physical Abuse of Children Problems of Definition The Discovery and Medicalization of Physical Abuse Extent Characteristics Stress, Power, and Culture Spouse Abuse The Discovery of Spouse Abuse Extent Characteristics Stress and Power—Again Sexual Abuse of Children Extent Characteristics Types of Molesters and Their Offenses Adult–Child Sex: A Matter of Liberation? Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web Endnotes 7 Deviance and Organizations Employee Theft Pilferage Embezzlement Organizations as Victims Police Corruption Meat- and Grass-Eaters Rotten Apples or Rotten Barrels? Corporate Deviance Price-Fixing: A Fact of American Industry? “Would You Buy a Used Car from This Person?” “You Are What You Eat” The Badness of Good Business 7 Organized Crime Characteristics and Structure From Muscle to Respectability Ethnic Succession Sources of Profit Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web Endnotes Deviant Behavior in Contemporary Society PART THREE 8 Deviant Drug Use Drug Use as Deviance Classification of Drugs Alcohol Alcohol as a Drug Alcohol Use and Deviance Alcoholism, Disease, and Problem Drinking Correlates of Problem Drinking Heroin Heroin as a Drug Heroin Use and Deviance Correlates of Heroin Use Marijuana Marijuana as a Drug Marijuana Use and Deviance Correlates of Marijuana Use Cocaine Cocaine as a Drug Cocaine Use and Deviance Correlates of Cocaine Use Prescription Drug Abuse Performance-Enhancing Drugs Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web Endnotes 8 9 Mental Disorders What Is Mental Disorder? Correlates of Mental Disorder Genetics Social Class Minorities and Mental Health Family Setting Male/Female Differences Stress Disease or Label? Mental Disease as a Myth A Labeling Theory of Mental Disorder Criticisms and Contributions of Labeling Theory Conflict and the Therapeutic State Common Mental Disorders Depression Phobias Treatment Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web Endnotes 10 Suicide Definition History of Suicide Current Attitudes toward Suicide Public Opinion and Public Policy Professional Opinion Sociological Theories of Suicide Social Integration Status Integration Community Migration Incidence of Suicide International United States 9 Risk Factors and Correlates of Suicide Risk Factors for Suicide Correlates of Suicide Failure to Seek Help Warning Signs Precipitating Events Helping Someone Who Is Suicidal Attempting Suicide Physician-Assisted Suicide Prevention and Protection Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web Endnotes 11 Cyberdeviance with Jeffrey Arbaugh Origins of the Computer Underground A Typology of the Computer Underground The Relevant Actors of the Computer Underground Subcultures of Deviance in the Computer Underground Is the Computer Underground a Subculture? Crime and the Internet Sexual Deviance and Cyberspace Opportunity for Sexual Deviance in Cyberspace An Interview with White Eagle Critical Thinking Exercises Check It Out on the Web Endnotes 12 Sexual Deviance and Sexual Harassment An Interview with Tony Prostitution The Context of Prostitution Becoming a Prostitute The Pimp 10
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