Developments in Reinforced Plastics—5: Processing and Fabrication PDF
Preview Developments in Reinforced Plastics—5: Processing and Fabrication
DEVELOPMENTS IN REINFORCED PLASTICS-5 Processing and Fabrication CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 2-4 Volume 2: Properties of Laminates 1. Introduction: Causes of Property Variability. G. PRITCHARD 2. Imperfections in FRP Materials. G. PRITCHARD 3. Moisture Absorption in Fibre-Resin Composites. G. S. SPRINGER 4. Fatigue Behaviour in Fibre-Resin Composites. J. F. MANDELL 5. Shear Properties of Laminates. N. L. HANCOX 6. Machinability of Laminates: Punching and Drilling. R. H. PRITCHARD 7. Production and Properties of Paper-Based Laminates. D. J. NEWMAN Index Volume 3 1. The Effects of Moisture on the Electrical Properties of Epoxy Composites. A. R. BUNSELL 2. Analysis of Polymer Surfaces. S. M. LEE 3. Osmosis in Resins and Laminates. J. S. GHOTRA and G. PRITCHARD 4. Stress Corrosion in Fibre-Reinforced Plastics in Aqueous Media. G. MENGES and K. LUTTERBECK 5. Thermal Degradation of Thermosetting Polyesters. G. A. SKINNER 6. Prediction of the 11!-ermal Properties of Fibre-Resin Composites. J. KABELKA Index Volume 4 1. Thermoplastic Carbon Fibre Composites. P. E. McMAHON 2. Applications of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to the Study of Fibre Resin Composites. Y. T. LIAO and J. L. KOENIG 3. Thermography Applied to Reinforced Plastics. K. L. REIFSNIDER and E. G. HENNEKE II 4. Compressive Properties of Resins and Composites. M. R. PIGGOTT 5. Novel Curing Agents for Epoxy Resins. D. A. SCOLA Index DEVELOPMENTS IN REINFORCED PLASTICS-5 Processing and Fabrication Edited by G. PRITCHARD Department of Industrial, Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Kingston Polytechnic, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LONDON and NEW YORK ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IGll 8JU, England Sole Distributor in the USA and Canada ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA WITH 30 TABLES AND 157 ILLUSTRATIONS © ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD 1986 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1s t edition 1986 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Developments in reinforced plastics. 5: Processing and fabrication 1. Reinforced plastics-Periodicals I. Pritchard, G. 668.4'94'05 TPl177 The Library of Congress has cataloged this work as follows: Developments in reinforced plastics.-1--London; New York, NY: Applied Science Publishers, 1980- v.: ill.; 23 cm.-(Developments series) ISSN 0260-9185 = Developments in reinforced plastics. 1. Reinforced plastics-Collected works. I. Series. TP1l77.D48 668.4'94'05-dc19 83-640868 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8356-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-4179-3 DO I: 10.1007/978-94-009-4179-3 The selection and presentation of material and the opinions expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors concerned. Special regulations for readers in the USA This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the USA, should be referred to the publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy ing, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. PREFACE Any series with a title beginning Developments in. .. is obviously intended to report innovatory and novel ideas. The trouble with innovatory thinking is that it often seems too esoteric for practical people to bother with. Certainly, this book is not meant primarily to be a quick-reference manual for fabricators. Its purpose is rather to signal the kind of developments which almost certainly will impinge on the world of reinforced plastics in, say, four or five years' time. In this particular volume most of the authors have directly or indirectly addressed the practical problems of processing and fabrica tion with reinforced plastics. There has been no attempt to review the current state-of-the-art of producing fabricated articles in reinforced plastics by such techniques as filament winding or pultrusion because these subjects have already been well covered elsewhere. Nor have I even tried to provide a comprehensive survey of all that could be called new in this field. Instead, I have simply taken a number of important and somewhat underestimated topics, generally material orientated rather than machine-centred, and asked leading figures to summarise the scene. At the risk of appearing arbitrary let us consider the first chapter by Cattanach and Cogswell. They tell us how a new material has been produced which not only adds to the range of composites available, it makes possible new fabrication processes (at least, new to FRP). Consequently it should result ultimately in many new markets and products. The opportunities are lucidly and imagina tively set out. v vi PREFACE The other authors show in different ways how science is helping to monitor and control the processing of matrix resins, mainly crosslink able polymers. The importance of reliable instrumentation for this purpose is stressed, and the rheology of the materials is given prominence. After all, it is ease of fabrication rather than material costs which remains the reason for the commercial success of unreinforced thermoplastics. One day, the composites people will achieve the more difficult task of mastering the appropriate processing technology for their materials too, and those who follow their progress closely will reap corresponding benefits. The efforts of those researchers who contributed to this book will contribute to the achievement of this goal. G. PRITCHARD CONTENTS Preface. v List of Contributors ix 1. Processing with Aromatic Polymer Composites 1 J. B. CATIANACH and F. N. COGSWELL 2. Advances in the Chemistry and Applications of Bismaleimides 39 D. LANDMAN 3. Review of Prep reg Technology 83 GOTIFRIED WIEDEMANN and HORST ROTHE 4. Curing Processes of Acetylene Terminated Resins 121 CHARLES Y -C. LEE 5. Effect of Chemorheology on Epoxy Resin Properties 151 A. APICELLA 6. Electrical Methods of Characterising Cure Processes in Resins 181 DAVID E. KRANBUEHL vii viii CONTENTS 7. Basic Aspects of Joining Technology for Fibre Reinforced Plastics . 205 D. P. BASHFORD 8. Rheology of Carbon Fibre Composite Prepreg Materials 233 TSUNEO HIRAI Index 267 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS A. APICELLA Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Department of Material and Production Engineering, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio, 80125 Naples, Italy D. P. BASHFORD Fulmer Research Laboratories Ltd, Hollybush Hill, Stoke Pages, Slough, Berkshire SL2 4QD, UK J. B. CATIANACH Imperial Chemical Industries pic, Petrochemicals and Plastics Division, PO Box 90, Wilton, Middlesbrough, Cleveland TS6 BJE, UK F. N. COGSWELL Imperial Chemical Industries pic, Petrochemicals and Plastics Division, PO Box 90, Wilton, Middlesbrough, Cleveland TS6 BJE, UK TSUNEO HIRAI Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, Imadegawa-Karasuma, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602, Japan ix x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS DAVID E. KRANBUEHL Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA D. LANDMAN Consultant, 515 Ramona Court # 20, Monterey, California 93940, USA CHARLES Y -C. LEE Materials Laboratory, Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories, MLBP, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA HORST ROTHE Institute for Technology of Polymers, Department for GRP, Hohe Strasse 6, 8010 Dresden, German Democratic Republic GOTTFRIED WIEDEMANN Institute for Technology of Polymers, Department for GRP, Hohe Strasse 6, 8010 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
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