Developments in Laser Techniques and Fluid Mechanics: Selected Papers from the 8th International Symposium, Lisbon, Portugal 8–11 July, 1996

561 Pages·1997·55.077 MB·English

by  R.J. Adrian, D.F.G. Durao, F. Durst, M.V. Heitor, M. Maeda, J.H. Whitelaw

Developments in Laser Techniques
and Fluid Mechanics
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
R. J. Adrian · D. F. G. Durao · F. Durst· M. V. Heitor
M. Maeda· J. H. Whitelaw (Eds.)
Developments in laser
Techniques and Fluid
Mechanics
Selected Papers from the 8th International Symposium,
Lisbon, Portugal, 8-n July, 1996
With 367 Figures
' Springer
Editors:
R. J. Adrian M. V. Heitor
Dept. of Theoretical and Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Applied Mechanics Instituto Superior Tecnico
University ofillinois Av. Rovisco Pais
at Urbana-Champaign 1096 Lisboa Codex, PORTUGAL
Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
M. Maeda
D. F. G. Durao Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Keio University
Instituto Superior Tecnico 1-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohuku
Av . Rovisco Pais Yokohama 223, JAPAN
1096 Lisboa Codex, PORTUGAL
J. H. Whitelaw
F. Durst Imperial College of Science,
Lehrstuhl fiir Stromungsmechanik Technology and Medicine
UniversityofErlangen-Nuremberg Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
CauerstraBe 4 Exhibition Road
91058 Erlangen, GERMANY London SW7 2BX, ENGLAND
ISBN 978-3-642-64604-1 ISBN 978-3-642-60911-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-60911-4
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Die Deutsche Bibliothek- CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Developments in laser techniques and fluid mechanics : selected papers from the 8th inter
national symposium, Lisbon, Portugal, 8-n July, 1996 I R. J. Adrian ... (ed.).-
Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Budapest; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris;
Santa Clara; Singapore ; Tokyo : Springer, 1997
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Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1997
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Preface
This volume includes revised versions of a series of selected papers presented at the
Eighth International Symposium on Applications of Laser
Techniques to Fluid Mechanics held at The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
in Lisbon, during the period of July 8 to 11, 1996.
The papers describe Novel Ideas for Instrumentation, Instrumentation Developments,
results of measurements of Wall-Bounded Flows, Free Flows and Flames and of the
flow and combustion in Engines. The papers demonstrate the continuing and
healthy interest in the development of understanding of new methodologies and
implementation in terms of new instrumentation.
The prime objective of this Eighth Symposium was to provide a forum for the
presentation of the most advanced research on laser techniques for flow
measurements, and communicate significant results to fluid mechanics. The
applications of laser techniques to scientific and engineering fluid flow research was
emphasized, but contributions to the theory and practice of laser methods were also
considered where they facilitate new improved fluid mechanic research. Attention
was placed on laser-Doppler anemometry, particle sizing and other methods for the
measurement of velocity and scalars such as particle image velocimetry and laser
induced fluorescence.
We would like to take this opportunity to express our thanks to those who
contributed to the success of the conference. The assistance provided by the
Advisory Committee, by assessing abstracts was highly appreciated. The companies
who partook in the exhibition of the manufacturers' technical presentation are also
acknowledged. In addition, thanks go the participants who contributed actively in
discussions, learned from the presentations and were essential to the success of this
symposium. And last, but not least, we are highly indebted for the financial support
provided by the Sponsoring Organizations that made this Symposium possible.
SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS
DHL, ICEP, European Research Office: United States Army, Navy and Air Force
Departments, FLAD, Funda!!iio Calouste Gulbenkian, Instituto Superior Tecnico
(1ST), Instituto Tecnol6gico Para A Europa Comunitaria (ITEC), Junta Nacional
de Investiga'!iio Cientffica e Tecnol6gica (JNICT), INETI.
The Editors
Table of Contents
Chapter I
Novel Ideas for Instrumentation
I. 1 Power and Sensitivity Improvement of LOA-Systems
by Fiber Amplifiers
H. Tobben, H. Miiller and D. Dopheide ...................................................... 3
I. 2 Fibre Optical Multicomponent LOA-System Using the Optical Frequency
Difference of Powerful DBR-laser Diodes
H. Miiller, H. Wang and D. Dopheide ....................................................... ll
I. 3 Two-Component Directional laser Doppler Anemometer Based on a
Frequency Modulated Nd:YAG Ring laser and Fiber Delay lines
J. W. Czarske and H. Miiller ....................................................................... 23
I. 4 Integrated laser Doppler Velocimeter made by !on-Exchange
in Glass Substrate
P. L. Auger, A. Cartellier, P. Benech and I. S. Duport.. ............................ 39
I. 5 Sparse Array Image Correlation
D.P. Hart ..................................................................................................... 53
I. 6 Simultaneous Multiple Pixel Processing Algorithms for PTV and PIV
T. Uemura, M. Yoshimoto, M. Tatumil and A. Kaga ............................... 75
I. 7 Optimization of the Shape of Receiving Aperture
in a Phase Doppler System
A. Naqwi ....................................................................................................... 87
I. 8 The Differential Speckle Strophometry-Al ight Scattering Technique
for the Measurement of Velocity Gradients in Turbulent Fluid Flow
R. Schulz and W. Staude ........................................................................... 109
VIII
Chapter II
Instrumentation Developments
II. 1 Molecular Tagging Diagnostics for the Study of Kinematics
and Mixing in Liquid Phase Flows
M. M. Koochesfahani, R. K. Cohn, C. P. Gendrich
and D. G. Nocera ....................................................................................... 125
II. 2 Advantages of UV Lasers in Laser and Phase Doppler Anemometers
for Sub micrometer Particles
F. Durst, A. Melling and P. Volkholz ....................................................... 145
II. 3 Measurement Uncertainties of Phase Doppler Technique due to
Effect of Slit Location, Control Volume Size Effects
Y. Ikeda, T. Hirohata and T. Nakajima ................................................... 165
II. 4 Effective Size of the Measuring Cross-Section
of a Phase-Doppler Anemometry
T. Maeda, H. Morikita, K. Hishida and M. Maeda ................................. 181
II. 5 The Locus of Centres Method for LOA and PDA Measurements
Th. Panidis and M. Sommerfeld .............................................................. 203
II. 6 AS ingle-Beam Velocimeter Based on Rainbow-Interferometry
J.P. A. J. van Beek and M. L. Riethmuller ............................................... 221
II. 7 Accuracy of Particle Flux and Volume Fraction Measurement
by Shadow Doppler Velocimetry
H. Morikita, I. Prassas and A.M. K. P. Taylor ........................................ 233
II. 8 Structure of a Turbulent Boundary Layer Using a Stereoscopic,
Large Format Video PIV
Z.-C. Liu, R. J. Adrian, C. D. Meinhard and W. Lai... ............................. 259
II. 9 Three Dimensional Velocity Measurements Using Hybrid HPIV
J. Zhang, B. Tao and J. Katz ...................................................................... 275
II. 10 Improvements of Holographic Particle Image Velocimetry ( HPIV)
by Light-in-Flight Holography
M. Bohmer, H. Hinrichs, K. D. Hinsch and J. Kickstein ........................ 289
IX
Chapter III
Wall-Bounded Flows
III. 1 Effects of Centrebody Rotation on Laminar Flow
Through an Eccentric Annulus
M.P. Escudier and I. W. Gouldson. ......................................................... 299
III. 2 Measurement ofTemporal and Spatial Evolution
ofTransitional Pipe Flow with PIV
J. WesterweellandA. A. Draad ................................................................. 311
III. 3 Mixing in Gravity Current Heads Flowing over Rough Surfaces
W. D. Peters, J. E. S. Venart and S. R. Cogswell ...................................... 325
III. 4 Quantitative Velocity Measurements in Turbulent
Taylor-Couette Flow by Flow Tagging
M. Biage, S. R. Harris, W. R. Lempert and A. J. Smits ........................... 341
III. 5 LDV-Measurements on the Chaotic Behaviour
in Wide Gap Spherical Couette Flow
P. Wulf, C. Fechtmann, C. Egbers and H. J Rath .................................... 361
Chapter IV
Free Flows and Flames
IV. 1 Three-Component Laser-Doppler Measurements of the Confined
Model Flow Behind a Swirl Nozzle
B. Lehmann, C. Hassa and J. Helbig ........................................................ 383
IV. 2 On the Relationship Between the Formation Number
and Passive Scalar Pinch-Off in Starting Jets
H. Johari, D. Dabiri, A. Weigand and M. Gharib ................................... 399
IV. 3 Application of PIV to Turbulent Reacting Flows
L. Muniz, R. E. Martinez and M. G. Mungal ........................................... 411
IV. 4 Whole Field Measurements on an Excited Premixed Flame
Using On-line PIV
L. Lourenco, H. Shen, A. Krothapalli and P. Strykowski ....................... 425
X
IV. 5 On the Use of laser Rayleigh Scattering to Study the Aerothermo
chemistry of Recirculating Premixed Flames
F. Caldas, D. Duarte, P. Ferrao, M. V. Heitor and C. Poppe .................. 439
IV. 6 Convenient laser Diagnostics for Aerodynamic and Chemical Study
of Axisymetric Non Premixed Bluff-Body Burner Flames
A. Susset, K. Mokaddem, D. W. Kendrick, J. C. Rolon, D. Jaffre,
D. Honore, M. Perrin, C. Gray and J. B. Richon ...................................... 455
ChapterV
Engines
V. 1 Combined Application of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
and laser Doppler Anemometry (LOA) to Swirling Flows
Under Compression
J. Volkert, C. Tropea, R. Domann and W. Hubner ................................ 477
V. 2 Characterization of Spray Flows Under High Fuel Temperature
Using Phase Doppler Anemometer
T. Obokata, T. Ishima,T. Koyama, K. Uehara, K. Kobayashi
and M. Tsukagoshi .................................................................................... 495
V. 3 Velocity Profiles in Shear-Driven liquid Films: LD\1'-Measurements
S. Wittig, A. ElsaBer, W. Samenfink, J. Ebner and K. Dullenkopf.. ...... 509
V. 4 Steady Intake Flow Characteristics Through a Diesel
Four-Valve Cylinder Head
C. Arcoumanis, B. French and J. M. Nouri .............................................. 523
V. 5 LIF Visualization of liquid Fuel in the Cylinder
of a Spark Ignition Engine
P. 0. Witze and R. M. Green. .................................................................... 543
V. 6 Spray Characteristics in the Port and Cylinder
of a Four-Valve Spark-Ignition Engine
B. Cousyn, F. Neveu, M. Posylkin, D. S. Whitelaw
and J. H. Whitelaw .................................................................................... 559
Author Index .............................................................................................................. 573