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Developments in German politica 3 Digitized by the Internet Archive In 2022 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/develoomentsinge01unse Developments in German Politics 3 Developments titles available from Palgrave Macmillan Laura Cram, Desmond Dinan and Neill Nugent (eds) DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Patrick Dunleavy, Andrew Gamble, Richard Heffernan and Gillian Peele (eds) DEVELOPMENTS IN BRITISH POLITICS 7 Alain Guyomarch, Howard Machin, Peter A. Hall and Jack Hayward (eds) DEVELOPMENTS IN FRENCH POLITICS 2 Paul Heywood, Erik Jones and Martin Rhodes (eds) DEVELOPMENTS IN WEST EUROPEAN POLITICS 2 Stephen Padgett, William E. Paterson and Gordon Smith (eds) DEVELOPMENTS IN GERMAN POLITICS 3 Gillian Peele, Christopher Bailey, Bruce Cain and B. Guy Peters (eds) DEVELOPMENTS IN AMERICAN POLITICS 4 Stephen White, Judy Batt and Paul Lewis (eds) DEVELOPMENTS IN CENTRAL AND EAST EUROPEAN POLITICS 3 Stephen White, Alex Pravda and Zvi Gitelman (eds) DEVELOPMENTS IN RUSSIAN POLITICS 5 of related interest Ian Holliday, Andrew Gamble and Geraint Parry (eds) FUNDAMENTALS IN BRITISH POLITICS If you have any comments or suggestions regarding the above or other possible Developments titles, please write to Steven Kennedy, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke RG21 6XS, UK or e-mail s.kennedy @palgrave.com Developments in German Politics 3 Edited by Stephen Padgett William E. Paterson Gordon Smith Selection, editorial matter and Introduction © Stephen Padgett, William E. Paterson and Gordon Smith 2003 Individual chapters (in order) © Klaus H. Goetz; Charlie Jeffery; Russell J. Dalton; Gordon Smith; Roland Sturm; Stephen Padgett; Martin Seeleib-Kaiser; Kenneth Dyson; Adrian Hyde-Price; William E. Paterson; Simon Green; Wolfgang Riidig; David P. Conradt 2003 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 0—-333—96201-X hardback ISBN 0-333—96202-8 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10°29) 897 iG seen see 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 O05 04 03 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Creative Print & Design (Wales), Ebbw Vale Contents List of Maps, Figures and Tables Preface Notes on the Contributors List of Abbreviations Glossary Introduction Economy and State in Crisis Interests and Institutions Institutional Pluralism Party System Developments The Fluidity of Electoral Behaviour Political Culture in a Unified Germany The End of the Virtuous Circle A German Europe or a European Germany? Germany and the New Europe: Paying for Enlargement Defence and Security: Still a Civilian Power? Germany’s Role in the Wider World The Future of the German Model Government at the Centre Klaus H. Goetz The Federal Government in Context Inside the Federal Executive Chancellor, Chancellery and Party Institutions and People What Future for the Centre? Federalism and Territorial Politics Charlie Jeffery Federalism in the Basic Law Cooperative Federalism 1949-82 The Changing Parameters of German Federalism after 1982 The New Territorial Politics vi Contents Issues in the New Territorial Politics Conclusion Voter Choice and Electoral Politics Russell J. Dalton The Erosion of Traditional Party Loyalties The Narrowing of Social Class Voting The Erosion of Religious Influences on the Vote The Weakening of Party Attachments From Habituation to Voter Choice The Changing Basis of Electoral Choice The Two German Electorates Conclusion The ‘New Model’ Party System Gordon Smith Core Persistence and System Stability The “Triangular? System Towards a New Geometry The 2002 Election Party Perspectives in a Two-Bloc System Party Systems in the Lander A Stable System? Policy-Making in a New Political Landscape Roland Sturm Institutional Pluralism and the Culture of Dialogue Chancellor and Government Coalition Relations The Wider Context of Policy-Making Policy Style under Schréder Conclusion Political Economy: The German Model under Stress Stephen Padgett Globalization, Institutions and Varieties of Capitalism The German Model of Political Economy The Challenges Performance Indicators Institutional Adaptation Macro-Economic Policy: The Record of the Schréder Government Conclusion Contents Vii 7 The Welfare State: Incremental Transformation Martin Seeleib-Kaiser 143 The Golden Era of the German Welfare State 144 Social Policy Expenditures and Financing 146 Social Policy under the Christian Democrats 1982-98 149 The Red—Green Government and Social Policy 151 The Dual Transformation of the German Welfare State 155 Explaining the Dual Transformation 156 Conclusion 159 The Europeanization of German Governance Kenneth Dyson 161 Routinizing European Integration: From Historical Vision to Muddling Through 161 The Dynamics of Multi-Level Governance 163 What is Europeanization? 166 The Impact of European Integration on Germany 167 Effects on the Polity: Institutional Incentives to Europeanize 168 Effects on Politics: Manoeuvring within Cultural Constraints ETS Effects on Policy: Managing Veto Players Wff s: From Smooth Adaptation to Punctuated Equilibria 181 Foreign and Security Policy Adrian Hyde-Price 184 Germany and the End of the Cold War 185 Germany and Post-Cold War Security 187 The Gulf War 188 Yugoslavia and the Limits of Pacifism 189 Germany and the Kosovo War 192 EU Security and Defence Policy 195 NATO and Transatlantic Relations 196 Germany and the ‘War on Terrorism’ 198 The 2002 Election Campaign 201 Conclusion 203 10 Germany and Europe William E. Paterson 206 Post-Westphalian versus a Westphalian Future 206 The Resources of Power 208 Political Power 209 The Advantages of Congruence 210 The Red—Green Government 211 Vill Contents Three Futures Military Power The Paradoxes of Power: Towards a Resolution Three Elite Visions Reconstituting Europe Germany and the Wider Europe: Enlargement Germany and Russia Conclusion 11 Towards on Open Society? Citizenship and Immigration Simon Green Phases of Immigration A Contradictory Policy Area The Impact of Unification The Reform of Asylum The Liberalization of German Citizenship The Reappraisal of Labour Migration The Europeanization of Immigration Policy Towards an Open Society? Between Integration and Assimilation Conclusion 12 The Environment and Nuclear Power Wolfgang Riidig Local and Regional Institutions Federal Institutions EU and International Environmental Politics Policy Instruments Environmental Movements and Interest Groups Environmental Policy under the Red—Green Government, 1998-2002 Evaluation and Outlook Conclusion 13 Political Culture and Identity: The Post-Unification Search for ‘Inner Unity’ David P. Conradt Instant (West German-Style) Democrats? One State, Two Cultures? A Third Approach: Performance-Based Convergence/Divergence? Political Culture: Affective Orientations Institutional Trust