Developmental Mathematics for College Students, 2nd Edition (with CD-ROM and Enhanced iLrn(TM) Tutorial, iLrn(TM) Math Tutorial, The Learning Equation Labs, Student Resource Center Printed Access Card)

1201 Pages·2005·54.35 MB·English

by  Alan S. Tussy

00-W3442-FM 6/2/05 12:32 PM Page i
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In memory of Nancy B. Kinsell and Robert C. Kinsell,
whose dedication to their family and their country
has been an inspiration to me.
AST
To Don Rubo, whom I admire and respect
RDG
Books in the Tussy and Gustafson Series
In paperback:
Basic Mathematics for College Students Third Edition
Student edition: ISBN 0-534-42223-3
Instructor’s edition: ISBN 0-534-42224-1
Prealgebra Third Edition
Student edition: ISBN 0-534-40280-1
Instructor’s edition: ISBN 0-534-40281-X
Developmental Mathematics for College Students Second Edition
Student edition: ISBN 0-534-99776-7
Instructor’s edition: ISBN 0-534-99775-5
Introductory Algebra Third Edition
Student edition: ISBN 0-534-40735-8
Instructor’s edition: ISBN 0-534-40736-6
Intermediate Algebra Third Edition
Student edition: ISBN 0-534-49394-7
Instructor’s edition: ISBN 0-534-49395-5
Basic Geometry for College Students
ISBN 0-534-39180-X
In hardcover:
Elementary Algebra Third Edition
Student edition: ISBN 0-534-41914-3
Instructor’s edition: ISBN 0-534-41915-1
Intermediate Algebra Third Edition
Student edition: ISBN 0-534-41923-2
Instructor’s edition: ISBN 0-534-41924-0
Elementary and Intermediate Algebra Third Edition
Student edition: ISBN 0-534-41932-1
Instructor’s edition: ISBN 0-534-41933-X
00-W3442-FM 6/2/05 12:32 PM Page iii
SECOND EDITION
Developmental
Mathematics
for College
Students
Alan S. Tussy
Citrus College
R. David Gustafson
Rock Valley College
Australia • Brazil • Canada • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
00-W3442-FM 6/2/05 12:32 PM Page iv
Developmental Mathematics for College Students, Second Edition
Alan S. Tussy and R. David Gustafson
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Student Edition: ISBN 0-534-99776-7
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CONTENTS
1 Whole Numbers
1
TLE Lesson 1:Whole numbers
TLE Lesson 2:Order of operations
TLE Lesson 3:Solving equations
1.1 An introduction to the whole numbers 4
1.2 Adding and subtracting whole numbers 13
1.3 Multiplying and dividing whole numbers 24
Estimation 37
1.4 Prime factors and exponents 39
1.5 Order of operations 46
1.6 Solving equations by addition and subtraction 55
1.7 Solving equations by division and multiplication 64
Key concept: Variables 73
Accent on teamwork 74
Chapter review 75
Chapter test 81
Cumulative review exercises 83
2 The Integers
83
TLE Lesson 4:An introduction to integers
TLE Lesson 5:Adding integers
TLE Lesson 6:Subtracting integers
2.1 An introduction to the integers 86
2.2 Adding integers 97
2.3 Subtracting integers 106
2.4 Multiplying integers 113
2.5 Dividing integers 122
2.6 Order of operations and estimation 127
2.7 Solving equations involving integers 133
Key concept: Signed numbers 143
Accent on teamwork 144
Chapter review 145
Chapter test 151
Cumulative review exercises 153
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vi Contents
3 Fractions and Mixed Numbers
155
TLE Lesson 7:Adding and subtracting fractions
TLE Lesson 8:Multiplying fractions and mixed numbers
3.1 The fundamental property of fractions 158
3.2 Multiplying fractions 166
3.3 Dividing fractions 175
3.4 Adding and subtracting fractions 181
The LCM and the GCF 191
3.5 Multiplying and dividing mixed numbers 193
3.6 Adding and subtracting mixed numbers 202
3.7 Order of operations and complex fractions 210
3.8 Solving equations containing fractions 217
Key concept: The fundamental property of fractions 226
Accent on teamwork 227
Chapter review 228
Chapter test 233
Cumulative review exercises 235
4 Decimals
237
TLE Lesson 9:Decimal conversions
TLE Lesson 10:Ordering numbers
4.1 An introduction to decimals 240
4.2 Adding and subtracting decimals 249
4.3 Multiplying decimals 256
4.4 Dividing decimals 264
Estimation 272
4.5 Fractions and decimals 274
4.6 Solving equations containing decimals 282
4.7 Square roots 287
Key concept: The real numbers 294
Accent on teamwork 295
Chapter review 296
Chapter test 301
Cumulative review exercises 303
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Contents vii
5 Percent
305
TLE Lesson 11:Percent
5.1 Percents, decimals, and fractions 308
5.2 Solving percent problems 317
5.3 Solving percent problems using proportions 323
5.4 Applications of percent 330
Estimation 339
5.5 Interest 342
Key concept: Percent 350
Accent on teamwork 351
Chapter review 352
Chapter test 357
Cumulative review exercises 359
6 Descriptive statistics
361
TLE Lesson 12: Statistics
6.1 Reading graphs and tables 364
6.2 Mean, median, and mode 375
Key concept: Mean, median, and mode 383
Accent on teamwork 384
Chapter review 385
Chapter test 389
Cumulative review exercises 391
7 Introduction to Geometry
393
TLE Lesson 13:Perimeter and area
7.1 Some basic definitions 396
7.2 Parallel and perpendicular lines 405
7.3 Polygons 412
7.4 Properties of triangles 420
7.5 Perimeters and areas of polygons 426
7.6 Circles 438
7.7 Surface area and volume 446
Key concept: Formulas 457
Accent on teamwork 458
Chapter review 459
Chapter test 469
Cumulative review exercises 471
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viii Contents
8 Algebraic Expressions, Equations,
and Inequalities
475
TLE Lesson 14:Translating written phrases
TLE Lesson 15:Solving equations part 1
TLE Lesson 16:Solving equations part 2
8.1 Algebraic expressions 478
8.2 Simplifying algebraic expressions 489
8.3 Solving equations 500
8.4 Formulas 508
8.5 Problem solving 520
8.6 Inequalities 534
Key concept: Simplify and solve 547
Accent on teamwork 548
Chapter review 549
Chapter test 555
Cumulative review exercises 557
9 Graphs, Linear Equations, and Functions
559
TLE Lesson 17:Equations containing two variables
TLE Lesson 18:Rate of change and the slope of a line
9.1 Graphing using the rectangular coordinate system 562
9.2 Equations containing two variables 573
9.3 Graphing linear equations 585
9.4 Rate of change and the slope of a line 597
9.5 Slope–Intercept form 611
9.6 Point–Slope form; Writing linear equations 622
9.7 Functions 630
Key concept: Describing linear relationships 641
Accent on teamwork 642
Chapter review 643
Chapter test 649
Cumulative review exercises 651
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Contents ix
10 Exponents and polynomials
653
TLE Lesson 19:The product rule for exponents
TLE Lesson 20:The quotient rule for exponents
10.1 Natural-number exponents 656
10.2 Zero and negative integer exponents 665
10.3 Scientific notation 673
10.4 Polynomials 681
10.5 Adding and subtracting polynomials 687
10.6 Multiplying polynomials 695
10.7 Dividing polynomials by monomials 705
10.8 Dividing polynomials by polynomials 711
Key concept: Polynomials 717
Accent on teamwork 718
Chapter review 719
Chapter test 725
Cumulative review exercises 727
11 Factoring and Quadratic Equations
729
TLE Lesson 21:Factoring trinomials and the difference of two squares
TLE Lesson 22:Solving quadratic equations by factoring
11.1 Factoring out the greatest common factor and factoring
by grouping 732
11.2 Factoring trinomials of the form x2(cid:1)bx(cid:1)c 742
11.3 Factoring trinomials of the form ax2(cid:1)bx(cid:1)c 749
11.4 Special factorizations and a factoring strategy 757
11.5 Quadratic equations 767
Key concept: Factoring 779
Accent on teamwork 780
Chapter review 781
Chapter test 785
Cumulative review exercises 787