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DEVELOPMENT SOCIOLOGY In this exciting and challenging work, Norman Long brings together years of work and thought in development studies to provide a key text for guiding future development research and practice. Using case studies and empirical material mainly from Latin America, Development Sociology focuses on the theoretical and methodological foundations of an actor- oriented and social constructionist form of analysis. This style of analysis is opposed to the traditional structuralist/institutional analysis which is often applied in development studies. With an accessible mix of general debate, critical literature reviews and original case-study materials this work covers a variety of key development issues. Among many important topics discussed, the author looks at commoditisation, small-scale enterprise and social capital, knowledge interfaces, networks and power, globalisation and localisation as well as policy formulation and planned intervention processes. This book should be read for its desire to pursue a form of analysis that helps us to understand better (and more realistically) the kinds of development interventions and social transformations that have characterised the second half of the twentieth century and will no doubt continue to characterise future development studies. Norman Long is Professor of Sociology of Development at Wageningen University in the Netherlands. He is the author of An Introduction to the Sociology of Rural Development (Routledge, 1977) and co-editor of Battlefields of Knowledge (Routledge, 1992) and Anthropology, Development and Modernities(Routledge, 2000). DEVELOPMENT SOCIOLOGY Actor perspectives Norman Long London and New York First published 2001 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. © 2001 Norman Long All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Long, Norman Development sociology: actor perspectives p. cm Includes bibliographical data and references 1. Rural development. 2. Community development 3. Economic development 4. Social change I. Title HN49. C6 L66 2001 307.1'412 –dc21 ISBN 0-203-39853-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-39947-1 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0–415–23535–9 (hbk) ISBN 0–415–23536–7 (pbk) TO THE THREE ‘A’s IN MY LIFE, ANN, ALISON AND ANDREW CONTENTS List of illustrations ix Preface and acknowledgements x Introduction 1 PART I Theoretical and methodological issues 7 1 The case for an actor-oriented sociology of development 9 2 Demythologising planned intervention 30 3 Building a conceptual and interpretative framework 49 4 Encounters at the interface: social and cultural discontinuities in development and change 73 PART II Commoditisation, social values and small-scale enterprise 93 5 Commoditisation and issues of social value 95 6 Webs of commitment and debt: the significance of money and social currencies in commodity networks 115 7 Networks, social capital and multiple family-enterprise: local to global 132 vii CONTENTS PART III Knowledge interfaces, power and globalisation 167 8 Knowledge, networks and power 169 9 The dynamics of knowledge interfaces between bureaucrats and peasants 189 10 Globalisation and localisation: recontextualising social change 214 Appendix: Cornerstones of an actor-oriented approach 240 Notes 244 Bibliography 264 Index 287 viii ILLUSTRATIONS Tables 7.1 Eustaquio’s compadres (1972) 146 7.2 Eustaquio’s friends (1972) 147 Figures 6.1 Commodity flows, payments and credit relations 124 7.1 Genealogy 1: The Jiménez family, 1972, indicating participants in the multiple enterprise 144 7.2 Genealogy 2: The Jiménez family, 1998: Occupations, enterprises and residence (see also Genealogies 2a, 2b and 2c) 157 ix

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He is the author of An Introduction to the Sociology of Rural information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the . completion of the manuscript was, as always in my life and work, due in no small measure