DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

242 Pages·2011·31.5 MB·English

DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO
(Solanum lycopersicum L.) FOR EXTENDED
SHELF-LIFE THROUGH MOLECULAR MARKER
APPROACHES
YOGENDRA, K.N.
PAK 8045
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
GKVK, BANGALORE-560065
2011
DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO
(Solanum lycopersicum L.) FOR EXTENDED
SHELF-LIFE THROUGH MOLECULAR MARKER
APPROACHES
YOGENDRA, K.N.
PAK 8045
Thesis Submitted to the
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
in
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
BANGALORE JUNE, 2011
AFFECTIONATELY
DEDICATED TO
MY BELOVED PARENTS, MY
BROTHER, SISTER AND
MY GUIDE
Dr. P.H. RAMANJINI GOWDA
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
G.K.V.K., BANGALORE-560065
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO
(Solanum lycopersicum L.) FOR EXTENDED SHELF-LIFE THROUGH
MOLECULAR MARKER APPROACHES”, submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in PLANT
BIOTECHNOLOGY of the University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK,
Bangalore is a bonafide record of research work done by Mr. YOGENDRA,
K.N., ID No. PAK 8045, during the period of his study in this University under
my guidance and supervision and the thesis has not previously formed the basis
for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or other similar
titles.
Bangalore
JUNE, 2011 (P.H. RAMANJINI GOWDA)
Professor,
Department of Plant Biotechnology
APPROVED BY,
CHAIRMAN : _____________________________
(P.H. RAMANJINI GOWDA)
MEMBERS : _____________________________
(T.H. ASHOK)
_____________________________
(C. K. SURESH)
_____________________________
(A.T. SADASHIVA)
_____________________________ _____________________________
External Examiner’s Signature (T.B. PUTTARAJU)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel the inadequacy of words to express my deep sense of gratitude and
profound indebtedness to Dr. P.H. RAMANJINI GOWDA, Professor,
Department of Plant Biotechnology, GKVK, Bengaluru and Chairperson of my
Advisory Committee for valuable guidance, constant supervision, constructive
criticism, vivid encouragement and affectionate dealing throughout the period
of investigation and during preparation of the manuscript. I confess that it has
been a great fortune and proud privilege for me to be associated with him
during my doctoral degree programme.
I sincerely owe my deep sense of gratitude to other members of my
Advisory Committee Dr. T.H. ASHOK, Professor and Head, Department of
Plant Biotechnology, Dr. C.K. SURESH, Professor, Department of Plant
Biotechnology, Dr. A.T. SADASHIVA, Principal Scientist & Head, Division
of Vegetable Crops, IIHR, Hesaraghatta. Bengaluru-89 and
Dr. T.B. PUTTARAJU, Professor, Department of Horticulture, GKVK,
Bengaluru for their kind help, constructive suggestions and encouragement
during my investigation.
My heartfelt thanks go to my department staff, Dr. H.E. Shashidhar,
Dr. Vijayakumar Swamy, Dr. N. Earanna, Dr. K.M. Harinikumar,
Dr. S. Shyamalamma, and Dr. Anitha Peter, Department of Plant
Biotechnology for their excellent teaching and co-operation extended to me
during the course of my study.
I owe thanks from depth of my heart to Lab Mates Mr. Mali Sandeep
Subhash, Ms. Pallavi Pawar, Mr. Ningaraju T.M., Mr. Madhusudan R.,
Ms. Nguyen Phuong Thuy, Mrs. ShreeVidhya, Mrs. Divya Rao, Ms.
Rashmi and Mr. Deepak B. for their constant encouragement and cooperation
throughout the study.
I also have been highly fortunate in having many affectionate friends who
always stood with me and shared my anxiety, tensions, happy and sad moments
without whom life would be miserable. I am ever greatful to Mahesh Salimat,
Deepak, N., Raghavendra,G., Sandesh, H.S., Mrs. Sarala, Dr. Anantha,
M.S., Mrs, Ramya, B., Dr. Nethra, N., Mrs. Asha and Nagabhushan, N.
I record my respectful indebtedness and gratitude to my parents, Shri.
Narasimhamurthy, Smt. Jayamma, my Brother K.N. Nagendra, Sister K.N.
Jagadamba, Brother-in-law Shanthakumar and Sister-in-law Shashikala and
my sweet hearts Nithin, Poorvika, Tarun and Appu for their blessings,
ambitious encouragement, unquantifiable love and affection.
I find no words to express many heartful thanks to my friends Suresh,
Bhogesh, Erayya, Fungi, Manu, Subhash, Suri, Keerti, Siddramappa, Senior
friends Dr. Mohan Kumar, M.V., Dr. Krishna, My classmates Mr. Sayed
Wajeed Mulla, Mrs. Chayanika, Mrs. Manju Elizabeth and others to name a
few out of the ocean of friends that I have in my credit. In whose company I
never felt the burden of study and research, but then one does not need to thank
the true friends. I am ever greatful to my native friends and well-wishers.
I express my special thanks to Mr. S.Shivakumar, Mr. Siddegowda,
Mr. Manjunath and Ms. Shruthi for their support and help during my
research work.
I owe special thank to my junior friends Prashant, Askok viman, Suma,
Amit, Guruprasad, Manoj and Satish for their constant encouragement and
cooperation throughout the study.
I greatly acknowledge the Department of Plant Biotechnology, UAS,
GKVK, Bengaluru for providing facilities to carry out my research work.
I express my special thanks to RKVY, Govt. Of India for offering the
fellowship during my PhD program.
Any omission of this acknowledgement does not indicate lack of
gratitude.
Bangalore
June, 2011 (Yogendra, K.N.)
Development of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) For Extended
Shelf- Life through Molecular Marker Approaches
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop grown
worldwide. It experiences great post-harvest losses by its natural perishability,
precarious transportation and storage conditions. The approaches for extending
shelf life could be done using mutants or introgression of high shelf life genes into
agronomically superior varieties. We are making an attempt to increase the post
harvest shelf life of a few important commercial tomato varieties grown in India.
The high shelf life tomato germplasm lines (L120, L121 and L122) were crossed
with commercially grown varieties such as Pusaruby, Sankranti and Vaibhav using
Line X Tester mating design, and nine hybrids were developed. The hybrid
obtained from L121 X Vaibhav was showing extended shelf life up to 40 days,
when stored at 25±10C. The parents were screened with 224 simple sequence
repeats (SSR) markers to identify the parental polymorphism. Out of 224 SSR
primers, 45 markers were polymorphic for L121 and Vaibhav. DNA markers
associated with fruit quality and yield traits were identified by both single marker
analysis and composite interval mapping in F populations of cross ‘L121 X
2
Vaibhav’. SSR marker LEga7 was found to be associated with fruit quality traits
like TSS, fruit firmness and fruit keeping quality through single marker analysis.
Total eleven QTLs were detected for traits like fruit firmness, fruit keeping
quality, plant height and plant yield. A QTL ‘fr_ke_qlty ’ was identified for fruit
1
keeping quality on linkage group 6. This QTL was flanked by LEgata2 and
LEta16 and recorded 8% of phenotypic variation. The genetic parameter analysed
by mean values in parents, F and F population indicates that the cross between
1 2
the Vaibhav and germplasm line L121 recorded high shelf life and good fruit
quality.
Signature of the Student Signature of the Major Advisor
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE No.
I INTRODUCTION 1
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5
III MATERIAL AND METHODS 48
IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 76
V DISCUSSION 124
VI SUMMARY 145
VII REFERENCES 150
APPENDIX 184
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
TITLE
No. No.
1 List of Tomato hybrids evaluated during Kharif 2009 49
2 List of nine Tomato hybrids evaluated during Rabi 2009 49
Mean performance of tomato lines and testers with respect to
3 77
plant growth, fruit quality and yield attributing traits
Mean performance of tomato hybrids with respect to plant
4 78
growth, fruit quality and yield attributing traits
Analysis of variance for plant growth, fruit quality and yield
5 attributing traits in parent and hybrids of Tomato (Solanum 83
lycopersicum L.)
Analysis of variance for combining ability in respect of plant
6 growth, fruit quality and yield attributing traits of parent and 84
hybrids of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Variance due to general and specific combining ability for plant
7 growth, fruit quality and yield attributing traits in parent and 85
hybrids of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Estimates of general combining ability effects of lines and
8 testers for plant growth, fruit quality and yield attributing traits 87
in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Estimates of specific combining ability effects of hybrids for
9 plant growth, fruit quality and yield attributing traits in Tomato 91
(Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Overall general combining ability status of parents used for
10 94
development of hybrids in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
11 Overall specific combining ability status of tomato hybrids 95
Top ranking hybrids with desirable sca effects for different
12 97-98
characters