Development Models in Muslim Contexts: Chinese, ''Islamic,'' and Neo-liberal Alternatives (Exploring Muslim Contexts) PDF
Preview Development Models in Muslim Contexts: Chinese, ''Islamic,'' and Neo-liberal Alternatives (Exploring Muslim Contexts)
EXPLORINMGU SLIMC ONTEXTS SerEideistA bodro:Fu i lali-Ansary Booiknst hsee riinelcsu de DevoeplmeMnotd eilMns u slCiomn texts: Chinese, "NIcsol-aLmAiilbcte"er rnaaatln idv es DEVELOPMENT MOIDNE LS EdibtyRe odb eSrpitrn gborg MUSLICMO NTEXTS ThCeh anlgloeefP luralism: ParadfriogmmMs u slim Contexts EdibtyAe bdd oFui lali-Ansary anSdi keKcanram Aahlmie d ChineHsIes,l aamruli cN"e o�LibAelrtaelr natives ThPeo ssiobfPi lluirtayl ism EdibtyAe .dC .G ralying EDITBEYDR OBERSTP RIBNOGR G EDINBUURNGIHV ERSPIRTEYS S INA SSOCIATWIIOTNH THE AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY INSTITFUORTT EH ES TUDOFY M USLIMC IVILISATIONS Contents Theo pinieoxnpsr esisnte hdi vso lumaer teh osoef thea uthoarnsdd un otn ecessraerflieltcyht o soef theA gaK hanU niversIintsyt,i /t(ut)threeS tudoyf MusliCmi vilisations. © Editomraitatlae nrd o rganisRaotbieornt Springb2o0r0g9, © Thec haptetrhses,ie rv earuatlh o2r0s0,9 IntroductTiheo Lnu:r oef D evelompenMto desl EdinbuUrngihv erPsrietLsyts d RobeSrptr ingborg 22G eorgSeq uarEed,i nburgh www.euppunbgl.icsohmi PARTO NE:TH EC HINEMSOED ELA NDI TGSL OBARLE CEPTION TypesientG oudOyl dstbyyl e KoinonMiaan,c hesatnedr 1.A ChinMao del Joru sat B rokeMno uld? 13 printaenddb ounidn G reaBtr itabiyn WilliHaumr st CPIA ntonRyo weC,h ippenhaanmdE astbourne 2. LatiAmne ricVai'eswo f C hinIa:nt er,eb suttS cepticism 26 A CIPr ecofrodtr h ibso oiks a vailable BarbaSrtaa llings frotmh eB ritLiisbhr ary 3· TheC hianM odeiln A fircaA: N ewB ranodfD eveolpmnetaml is 47 CatherBionoenw eih tD hawaDlo shi ISBN9 780 748369 687 ( hardb)a ck Ther igohftt hec ontribtuotb oeir dse ntified PARTT woT:H EC HINEMSOED EL ANDC OIMTPSE TITORS asa uthoorfts h iwso rhka sb eeans seritne d acc'lrdwaintctheh eC opyrigDhets,i gannsd INT HEM USLIWMO RLD PatenAtcst1 988. 4· Leanrintgh eR ighLtes sofnorsm B eijiAn Mgo:d eflo trh eA rab Worl?d 85 EmmaM urphy 5· TowaradnsI lsamiMcod eflo trh eM iddlEea satn dN ortAhf ri?c a 115 ClemeMn.tH enry 6. DemocraDcye,v oeplmenatn dP olitIilscaamlC: o mpariInargna nd Turkey 183 MohammeAdy oob CONTBNTS PARTTH REET:H ER OLEO FG OVERNANICNED EVELOPMEMNOTD ELS 7. Can EtahsAet s iDaenv elopSmteanbtteRea e lp leidc?a t The CasoefM alyasia 153 leffTan Introduction: 8.G oevrnaanncDde e velopAm CeansSteut: d oyf P akistan 180 TheL uroefD evelopMmoednetl s IshHraucs ain 9. "GIoso Gdo vernaanncA ep"p ropMroidaeftoleGr o vernance Refmos?rT heR elecveoa fEn asAts ifaoD re vleopiMnugs lim Cournites 195 ROBERSTP RIBNOGR G MushwKqh an ConcluNsoiWtoa ns:h inBgetiojnni,on Mrge ccTah:eL imitations ofD evelopMmoednetl s 23 I RobeSrptr ingborg AboutthC eo ntributors Idnex Thea ppeaanldi mpaocfdt e velopmmoednettlr sa bcrokda emro vemeinnt s worplodili tcFso.r mtohrahena alc fe unrttyh Uen itSetda tes Saonvdti ethe Uniopnr ovitdhpeeod il icetaclo nommoyd eolfcs h oifcomeru cohft hdee vle opiwnogr lAds.t hceol oneirawala bsr outgohac t l obsyre i sniantgni aloism and CtohleWd a ri ntfienesdti,h sepu erpobweecraslm oec kietndoa c ompe tittiodo emno nsttrhasetu epi eoirrtoyft heirp oolwinet ciocnaOlal nlhdle Yn,c e itssu iltiaftboiyer x poArmtei.rc ad'esm oactriccat pailmiodsetwl a psa ckaged ast h"eiF rNsetw N aitona"n,da w elahtyo nea tt haHtav.i gnr isienrn e volt agaiintsBstr itmiassht hearvnsig,e tsahlitshhweeo ldrd fi'srstc onistituotnal replui,bhc aviwnegl commieildol onfsm igratnoti sts sh osrh,ea vinnohgte come ac olopnoiwaielnr qtuhiseta em meo uladst hEeuro peaGnr ePaotw resa,n d havitnhgwe o rlddo'msi neacnotn oamnydr ichceiisetztn st,hU en ietdS tates preseinthtsie sdta onrcdyo ntempaocrhvaieremyne ttos m akieat s a pepalaisng poslseti oth hTeh iWrodr lSdo.t, o doi,t dh e SUonvoiinew,th ocsoem umnist modleo fp lanneegda,li iadtnae rvleopmuenndte vra ngupaolriidct paalr ty a enojyewdid espresaudp paottr htle ve elosfb otsht aatneds trienem tuc ohf thTeh iWrodr lHdo.we v,ei rn theW aesnhdin,tg rtiounm apnhtdeh dSe o viet modlwe arse elgat-remeda rkaqbuliyci knflc ayt,-, t ot he duosfht ibsitnosr y. Althoumguhc ohft hbel oohma fdda efdor mt hAem ericraonsd eur intgh e ColWda rt,h ceo mmenceomfae n netwe roafg o lhalisiantt hileoa nt1 e89 0s rejuveAnmaetreidac pap'esaa sal m odlei nm ucohf t he TWhoirrldTd h.e "WashinCgotnosne nfsroumsu"l aitnte hdee a r9l9y 0iSnt hfero mo fW orld 1 Banekc oonmiJsoth Wnil lioanm'tssec no mmandmefnotersc oonmirceo frm, waess btilashientd h mei nodfms aneyil tiends e voeplicnogu ntarsbi eeistn hge rigahntdt rupea tthod evlpeoment. I -1- DEVELOPMMEONDTI LISN M USLICMO NTEXTS INTRODUCTITOHNE:L UREO FD EVELOPEMNTM ODELS -----_ .._- - Widespreaaddo ptoifo ntW haes hinCgotnosne nmsauyhs a vceo ntributed politiinctaaeltg irEoansA,ts a i'dse velopsmteanattpeap lr ooartc hhMe,u slim toi ncregalsoebedac loo nmigcr owrtaht seicsne t hlea tIe99 0.SI tasp pael, worsli dn'creeansgiamngegen wtih tI slafimniaccne . andt haotfi tcso unotfor ryi gin hhaovwee vbneeorect,no, mm ensuwriatthe Moreoivtek rni,os wa ntl eaastast bu limlienvatclhtlae acohft hepsoet ential itasp pareecnotn osmuiccce sTsh.ed ownsoifdn eeos-b leairlisems,pe cially polietciocnaomlmo yd edlesfi ngeosv ernaannddce evl eopmdeifneftr e,na tnldy increianseaeqltduiy a,r oen lpya rotft hset royF.o irn cumbpeoniltci eatlli tes, evalutahtreee sil oantsbheitpw etehnei mdo isyntcirlcayaT.lh eW ashington thien herleongotiff ce r em arkreetqsu ifrriepneog l iitdsii essq uiFeottrih ne g. Consenesxupsl iecmpihtialssyen seo -ilbereacnloom icr eofrmasol,n gw iht politmiacriagnlatllhy,fe ru thceorcn ernattoifow ne alatnhpd o wears sociated imipiclstu ppfooprrotl itliicabailelsratiinfoo dntem, o criastatTihoepn o.p ulism wiht impmleentaotfit ohWnea shgitnoCno nnsseudsic sredtihtmeso dlea nd inv ogiuneL atAimne riepcsoal laqs ueassa iu-tamrokdiefcol nr at ioencaoln itpsr ogteonri. omiecso,u pwlietdmh a smso biiloiansn adtd e-iinustttionaloifgs oavteiron Eveintf h Wea shinCgotnosne hnasbdue se annu nmixeecdo nobmliecgs ,s in nancTeh.eA sidaenv leopmesnttaaatlpe p roeampchha stihsneee se tdob uild itw oulnde vheelrethsasv bee eann u pihlslt rutgogc loen vienvceetn h ose steag toverncaanpcaec aintdti ore esi nftohrcece ern atloiftt hyse t awtiheti n adopttihCneog n seonfst uhbser oardeelre vaanndac pep eoaftl h Aem erican theec onoamnypd o l.Ti ott yheex tetnhtao tnc ea snp eaabko ut swohmwaeit s h modleT.h e Consietnsmseaulyssf e etmoW estneerrtsob ec utlulrlanye ruat,l toc aalM lu silmm orlea conommoydl eb asoenda ne mergifinnga nlcs ieoacrt asi itas n e conopmriecs crNiepvteirlotenhms.eas n,iy nt hdee vlpeoignw orld, thaats pitrobe esI l samiitcp ,rri tioisiensd ivbiedhuiaauovlrg uidbeywd h at aneds pecMiuaslllidymon s o,pt e rcieatissv uec Thh.e vyi eiwat se mblematic arhee ltdob e" Iasmlipcr"e caesp tisn tebrytp hrseele t-feadp ptoei"drn hitgly oft hsee lcauarm,o rWaelse tranp protaoec choo nmicm att;e raaspnp rotahcaht guide,fd o"wrh oem conoamnipdco lsi ctsai roen .e ignotrheqesu esotfei tohnwi hcisc,ih nt, hi evri ,es whoublead ni nhearsepnetc t Gloablaitsihoants h uwsit nestshepedr oelriaftoifmo ond eflogsro vernance ofa neyoc nomsiycs temi naedndead,c, c ortdosi onmgMe u slilmise,s at thea nddve eplmoenatn,sd p reaawda reanbeostushtm e .I hta asl ssomt uileadtt he heaorftt h epirre fe"srIlreaedm cioocnm icFso"mra. n nyo n-Mustlhaiellm esg,e d martkf eotrhs eem odlesa,se xpearrittcsu,lp aubtileca sn dde cimsaikoensr-hso p culteuhtrna-olc entorfti hsmemo deills e osfas d eterrtehnattnh seh efecart aroufnoadr le rtnatsiovlenu stt iowo haatr iecn reaspiencrgevlieyad s c ommon thaitit ss e etnob ea nA merimcoadnew lh eAnm eriecmab odsiome usc h of prolmbesT.h ev erfya ct tthhaeac tr onByRmI (Cr BalzR,iu ssIidnai,aa n d whaitss e etnob ea nthiettictaotl h eoiwrni nterests. Chinhaa)Cs O lilnltgeol opbaarll aansac t ee rtmh asti gnriafiipedes c oonmic Thep urveoyfto hArem ecraimno dfeolmr o sotft he dfiercsaotdft e ht ew enty growatnhdi ,mp ltilc,tiy heem ergeonfcn eea wg lboaeloc nomoircd ieasrs ,i gnal fircsetu nrtyt,hB eu sahd miniswteraakteirnoaentd,ht ehras nt rengthened itthsat the er fao orn hee gmeonimco dleo fg overnaannddce ev pemleonttot, h e appeIastMl i.d dlEea spto liicmpioessae p da rtichuelaacvroyls ytA moenr ican extetnhtee rveew rao sn eh,a cso mteoa c lo.s e poputlyaT.rh ieo ccuipoaontf I raoqne,-i sdesdu ppfoorIrtrs ale,s totpa-rst Howeevrt,h ceh oiocfwe h icdhe vleopmemnotd eslh ouplrde vianai nly demoacitrsant-ipmorootiaonnvd,a riootuhsbeu lrn dearlusln, d ersWcaosrhed gviens etgti isnn otb ean iagcna,md iecm attdeeircd,e bdye pxerwthsoh ave ingtionnns'sesi tya invdii ntcotmepne.Ac nedw hilmei bsieth avpeodl it,i callydispassainoddni ansttieelrye setvueaadltlaeyldt l ha etl eartniTvheiss. cihso ice thBeu sahd mitnriastailospnor esiodveerds taed eepc liinUn See conomic three soufal p to lictoinctabeles ttw ceoemnp etliotcpiaovllec i aatlci taonrds .p eorrfmanacn,edi nt haeu tuomf2n 0 0,8 car iectdir stihsas th otohkge l obal thper ogteonorifst hmeo dlets hems.e lves financsiyasmlt .Ae sa r esutlhmeto ,r amla,t earnipda oll ciaftloin udatioofn s Posstihbeml oys itn teirnesgsu tccho mpetaittp irsoeenn bto,t bhe cause thaep peoaftl h Aem erimcoadneh la veeor dewdh ateevceorn osmuiccc ess oft hper ofoduffinedr eonfct eh tew om odlesa ndb eucsaiet csh amnpsia ore adheroeftn htWesa hsingCtoonnns seucsa cnl afiomir t . three scpteilveea doeftr hsde e vleopaenddd evlpeoignw or,lp diAtmse risc a' Padroaxi,ct ahlel yglobtahlabitos tarhte isoufnlr toeamdn cdo ntritbou ted ne-obleiraaplp roaagcahi Cnhsitsn v ae'rsoifto hnde e velopsmteanottrea,,l thsep reoaftd hW ea shinCgotnonsnse uasl usnod ermiinthesed gm eoniynt he aso neo bserhvadesur b btehdce o mpiettitohnWe,a shinvgetro-sneBui-sjing develowpoirnlEgdn .h caendg lobcaolmu mnicnasta indoi nterahcatvieo ns ConsuesnA.ss2t hdee velotpg mabepet nweetnht ew oco lseastr emarkable smtuilaitcnerde aaswerade neTshsee. x einsctoefa lntaetrimvoedl eosf g over speCehdi,n iars a pliyad ccumultahtmeia ntigeaf rluo ndatuipoonwnsh ihc to nanacnedd e vleopmheanbste cowmied eklnyow env,ei ntf h eeixra ncatt ures protjs eocpfotw eprr,e sumianbcllyut dhiaenp gp eoaftl h Bee iignjC onse,n sus remasimone whoabts ctuopr oet enetmuilaoalr.tL s atAimne rsic cuarn'rtwe ave whose ilseu nhsatnrcebe ydt h vee rfya cotfi tpsr ofoduifnrfede nfcorem t he ofp opiuslmfo,er x am,pi lse proabsma ubclwhyr t iteanb oauntdd iscuisns,e d WasihngtCoonn sesn.s u saSyo,u Atshi aasi, ts h Eeu ropUenainos m no'dle coofn tineecnotnaoalmn idc AsA meircbae comleessr sa tcaitivtent heey eosft hweo r,lC dhinpao'psu - - 2- DBVBLOPMMEONDTI LISNM USLICMO NTEXTS INTRODUCTIOTNH:E L UROEF D EVELOPMENMTO DELS lariigstr yo wiAnwga.r enoefts hswe o rlladr'gse csotu ntharsiy ncredausteeo d NaitnoaDle mocraPtaircit nyE gy.pB teijionrhgce'sst rtaotdpeo-dw,an n ti rapigdrloyw eicnoogn mirce lnastb,ia osoendt he vmeomeonfht y droocnasr,b corruptiiopsnr iedscrehilovywme o satu tocprreaerttf sod eawlit thh niasg ging goodcsa,p iatnadil,n creapseiponlgCelh.yi ,n esea ntidrn asvdteem ehnatvh ea d iss,au seo ppotseotd h ael rtneatmievhteo do fd emcoraatcicco untSaob ility. aprpeclieea cboonmiicm paocntd se veloepcionngo imniA essit ah,Me i ddle whirluel eilnigs teetesh atthC eh inesee nmbaoldetehsle t moh avteh eciark e EasAtfr,i acnaLd a tAimne riMcoaso.tft heismpea catrsve i ewfevado uraibnl y ande aittt o,oi nt hatthy ed on onte etdos urrepnodweetrroa chireavpei d thseec ounsta,rlh itoeugabh a cklaagsahiCn hsitnd ao'gsgc eodm mrecipaulr suit devleopmweinttah tl eassotem whaitm progvoevde nrcneta,h epiorp uliasc e ofr amwa etrlisaa,ni dt s "duomfcp oinnsgug"mo eor,d asilsds eov lpeoing. attrabcytt hepedr omiosuetdpo uftt hsme o dleW.h ent he chsotircuec tiusr ed Thea ppeoaftl h Bee ijCionngs einsns uojstu bsats oende coniocpm ower. asb revaedr dseuomsc raicityts ,h f ero metrh haatg sr eaatpeprei nam lo slto w,e r- Ite njocyosm pairvaead tvanvtia-s-ga.veii tsWs a shincgotmopinet tporrie scely lowmeidrd-laen mdi ddl-eincdoemvlepeo incgo uinetsr. becaiuctsa ebn e u seadsa c ounbtaelratnoAc mee riacnaWdne stienrflnu ence Ins umamriyn,c reawseil nigvnleoyo t n liyna m uil-taprow lorldi,n a b ut morgee nelryia,nl clutdhianotgfi nternafitniaonnciainlas lti iot.nTu shtat muil-tomdeolna esw elTlh.eb - ioplabr-i,mo deelro aft hCeo lWda rh apsa s,s ed Chinhaan so bte eanni mpeorrin aelo -piemrpioawlea rtl, e aosutt soifEd aes t ash atsh "eA merimcoamne nwth"i cihm medieanstue.elT dyh eW ashington Asirae,fi roncetsh aatpp eaSlo.t, o oi,ng ovrenmenctiarlca ltle esa dsote,s Conseinnsso ul so nignev org ,ue eveinnt hcea pifotrmaw lh iicttha kietnssa me, Beijeielnvga'tsoi fro ens pfeoscrot v ereaingtdne tryr iitnotreiogavrleih rtuy m an asW estearnned v enne lobi-erdaelv emleonptth eorethiacvcieoa mntesos ee ritgshd,e omcratiosroa tthiteorrna ,n snla",td iooo-ongdaicnogn"c eCrhnisn.a 's itwse ankesasneds rsceehsal ehwerfeom rea ntsor eptahimero doerlr eapcliet adrodiiltpo maicney v esnu cthr icakryea asrs e iloantwsi tIhr aens,p ecially atlotghe.eS4ri multatnheoeov ueshrlewmyli nsgu ccoefAs ssi daenv elopmental whecno mrpeatdoW ashinghteoa-nvh'ydasen dsnsue,n dersictaospr peesa rance steaste,s pieaclolfCy h inaan,dt hrea peicdo niocam sceonfBt rsal zR,iu ssia, ofj udiucseinsonso,n -ifrneetneacrnerd e speoctth nefarot ri aonntdsr aditions.I dniaan adh osotfo thdeervl eopicnogui netmsra,n oyfw hicarhde i sidnuaflo f IdneeadsR, a maor ugepsa,r otft haepp eaolft hBee ijCionngns seuisst haitt thWea shinCgotnosne ,nh sauvnseo otn luyn dermtihnametodd eslc 'netrality valortihcseoe nst riobfui tnidoing ecnutoluurste ods e vpemleonrta,t htehra n anadp epablu,ht a vpeu tte mptnienwagt l ernabteoifrvpeeo st enetmuilaal.t ors insisatsti hnWega ,s hinCgotnosne ncsabune si nterptrobe etd oeid,n t ghat Oft henseewm odlest,h Ceh ineosneei st hmeo sptr omnitnb eecaoufs e "anticvuel"t muurtsbe es upplbaynah t oemdo gieesdng,l obaalnidis,nee ffedc t, thmea gniotfut dhceeo nutrayn idt ssu ecsccso,u pwlietidht s grcoawpiancgi ty Wetsernoinseie,dfde vleopmietsno bt e a ciheved. top rocjtie tsaenlidf tg so vernmaondlceb eeo frteh weo rlIdti.s b yn om eans Chinoaw'nas c complishamlessntotr sos nelaglir npego inftotrsh Bee ijing thoen layl ntaetritvote h Wea shinCgotnosnue ,shn owevseoir tw, o ulbde Connsse.uR sapiedoc nomgirco witsoh b viaonudss o , itsto hohe,e adlong, milsedaintgoi gnoohrteeri sna no vervoifce hwo iccoefnosrn tidnegvl eopment modernpihsyts tircaaonlrs mfatoifco ona sCthailnH ao.m er-ogwbni llionairesc hampiwohnesr,ei vnte hrwe o rtlhde y htaopb peMe.on r eotvheBere ,i jing arsep rouutpia,nn gdw eahl itsa lstor ickdloiwnnag,l bneoiuttn ivaelrolsry Conseinssam u osr aem orphcoounsc tehpatin tW sa shinpgertdoensc oearss, eveln3yA .lhtougsho mpeu blsiecr vaircseet sr ugtgokl ienepgpa cwei tthh e aq uirceka odfR amsop 'ieicnwe h ichhec oitnhste e rsmu egsgtIsth. a nso t rusthod evleobpy,a ndl artghede e liovfep rubyl siecr viisc eestq oau naidln beebnol ieddo wtno t hbea nkcehre'cisks lotft ecno mmadnmentthsaJ to hn somev itaarle, sa uscahse ducastuipoentr,oit ohraf uton di na noagloduesv el Wililamsmoann agteod f dootr h nee loi-bemroadlle. opiencgoo nmiSeisn.1c 89e9 h ardalr ypi plhead si stutrhnbeae tdi poonlailt ical Idnee,id t uinlsli yik etev ewril ble b,ec auwshei tlheCe h inepsoeilc iatl surfcaacledm e,s pciotnes ildele orcatabublru lceen. econommayyn obte o paqu,ie ti sc eritnaltyrn aslucienmn atn ayer aasn,da Itnrinfasetiucor fet sh Bee ijCionngs entsotu hsee,x tetnhtea yr ken own facrr fyor mt hceom pariavtetr anspoafrW eesntceypr onl iatnidec caolon mic inp otieaneltmu alticnogu inetasrr,ae l saot trvaeGc.ot oigdo vernaanndc e sysmtsTe.h ep rogenoiftth Boeer isj Cionngs emnisguwhsat n ttoe xtiotls virtues demcoratiasracetl ireolasnye rpaabcloen ceipntt hCseh inmeosdele T.h imsa y too thebrutsth, a tta wsilkb le coimnec rgeladysifii fcntuu lnltehsyers e mvoet he bei tmso setn deafraeitnugtr oea uthorietmauarltioaTrnhs e.f o mrerc abne velist haotb sciutrfsenu ctioAnnie nvge.gn r eaitmepre dimientgtsne etro achietvherdo aus gtha otset-eferilet-dei nC hincaa'stseh C eo mumniPsatr ty alisatthioounig,sih t,ls a cokfi nstitutiionCn hailniiast as.Ute nililofknte h e (CCP) w-hitlhele ta tiesdr e emoefifdc,ai laltyl eatsot ,ibr reev laenWth.i le WasnhgitCoonn nsse,uw shicehmb oditehpser acotfni ecleoi -beorratlh odoxy sinpgalret y-raerigeni cmreesa usnicmnomgolnya, u thoriotnaeirsnni eaenod f thahtab se cofimrem elsybt lahiestdh rhoouugtth Oer ganisfaoErtc ioomnnio c improsveercdve i-ldievteors yh ourpet heaicrc ep,ti anfno ctteh elierg itimacy,C o-poeraatniDdoe nv leopmetnhBtee, i jCionngns seurse mianvsa gbueec ause cainm agrienaesd uytb istteufso trh CeC Ps,u cahs , efxoarm ptlhere,u ling China iistn soetpl ofli ictasltliayct S.e riqouuess tsiuornrso iutnfstdu u re -,- INTRODUCTITOHNE:L UREO F DEVELOPMEMNOTD ELS DEVELOPMEMNOTD ELSI NM USLIMC ONTEXTS trajye.Mc otsoitrm porotfaa nlctla ,tn h 9e3 miilolnr-osnCtgC Pc onuteit no sot hehyih gligthhptea rcturiliatoifMe uss lsitma wthees,r u enliiknLe a tin occuaploylft he copuonltirsytp'icasceo a,rwl i glrlo wcianlfglo gsro vernmental Ameirctah,ae u thtoarriiaonfCi hsimni als e osfasc oncaenrtdnh eraesy eits,, decenatlrisaitmiporno,v eomfte hnlete guadli-lcsj iyastaenmgd r eaftreere dom leaspsep hrenstihoann itishnA ef rrieac boau tth "ep lundoefrr aimwna gt"e rials. fotrh mee diual tilmyua ntdeermiitpnsoe l ailmt oincopoDloyi ?n termittent Theb oodko ensot ta kuepd iscuosfts hieo nor fto hlWeea s hingCtosonenn sus rurparlo tpersetssa geg emnoedrrieas lce onnottr,a rteh etyh dey ignags opfas int hMeu sliwomr plerdc siebleyc ausseu bctjthhe aaastl ardebye eenx tievnesly coverneodt, lbeyta hsWeto rlBda nikt fsi enil tvso lunmoilpluslb icatoino ns peasanitntr ryai ntsitoopn or lteariEavteCsnh? ni ar'lesa otnishtiop gtlhoeb al ordiesor p etnoq usetiIosin st.e egkt ioin ntreagtien ttoh Wee setrn-created thMei ddlEea satn dN ortAhfr icTahi.svso ludmoee csos indetrhp er iinpcal aricthteuc,ri encluidnitnegr nafitniaonnciainlas lt itourdt oieoisnht so ,lo du t indigecnoopmuetsto iwrh,i cihst haotfp utatailevlgee dlaym imIcos dlseo lf develompenatn,ad d dretshsveeia stli ssoufte h iemp ortaonfc eg overnance to thheo poefc e ratgi pnaaa rlglleolrb iavlIa nsl u?mn ,oo tn liyts h ecroesn iedrable ambiguaibtoCyuh tni ae'xsi gsp toilnailet cioocnmyb,u ittf su tiussrh er ouidne d develeonptwm,h atetvheer msotdreuulrc ittnhga dte vlpeomnetT.h eW ash mystGeirveytn.h eusnec eirnttatihewesi ,al nlcd a apcittopy r eocjatm odlea re ingtCoonn senesmupshi asstehsag to ogdo vrenanicvseti atlor apeifedf,ci tve doubtafusil ts,h uel taitsmeu ccoefss usca hv ent;uf ortreh per goenoirot ft he devleopmePnatdr.oa xi,ci amtli lhgytb ea rgutehdat tha eu hotritCahrniieasne modeilis t suenldfe rgporionfgoc uhnadna gnehd e nicusen sbtl.ae CommnuiPsatr ptryoi vdaetls e assotmo eft hceo mnpoesno tfg oogdo vrenac,ne Takign stoocfkt haet ttriaoacnn du tiloifdt eyvl eopmemnotdl esw,i th sucahsa ccobulintityta,h atthW ea sihgntoCno nseantsl uesabs yit mp lication pairctualtatre nttoti hoCenh inveasreni tia,as n i mporitnatnetl luencdteural assocwiihat rteeepssr teanteig vovernntWm.he atetvhesertu rctumreaalnf osr takiAnsga .l tetrinvtaeots h eW ashington pCroonlsiefnwesihurt tsah tee , porvidignogv enrcn,eha owveert,hi es esr umeaiansst oh owc enatlir ti sto Chinoensaeep pnatrleiynt hlee aidit,si m porttoka nnotmw o raeb out them eocnomdiecv pemleontI.fi tis i dneeodfv itsailgc nainficteh,ea nn ym odel andt hierp rospfeocsrtu sc coeusitsds teh ierc ountorfoi reisgC ionm.pt eition thafita ltsod eliivwtei rul llt iemlfayiat iln o threerg aarswd esl Ilfi.i t ms o re betwdeeevlneo pmmeondte ilnsso jtu ass tt rubgegtlweie deenia atsl ;rs eocf tles margitnhaewlne, a kneosfgs oevse rnmaanync oeht a vfea tcaoln useenqcfeosr comtpieotnfi oerc onoamnipdco liptoiwceTarhl.em odletsh esmelmvaeyws e ll econodmeivce lnotp.m e Theb oocko mmnecewsih t ani vnesattoiingo ft hCeh niesmeod eilt self, plyaam ajrooril ens haigpnt hoeb ejcteoi uvtcoomfte hsac top metoint.i Thea ssmeesnsotfd evelopmmoedneiltnts h bioso k wilonlM ufsolciums orgiasneadr ousnedv ekreaqylu esst.Hi oown wtahste ar nstiioenn giende er maojrictoyur nitewsh,i cdhe,s ptihtedeii rv teyrs,sh iasroem e cocmhmaaocrn froacm o mmnuissyts tfceoums oendi m porstt-istunt buoat nie oxoprt-dleevde l terisitnicclgsu w,dh ianmta yb ei ntpertreeads t hepr vealednotm aitnion opment sutnrdaaett reu egatlyr syt aWthea?ti sth nea tuorfee xs itgi rnela ofa uthorigtoavreirnantnmsM e.o sotft heamr ael spou llteodw avradrsi ous tinosb etwetehenec onoamnydp oliWthya?rt o lheasvb ee epnl aybeytd h e devleopmemnotdl esi,n cilgnu tdhmeo roer l ehsosm -egroownneb asoend CommnuiPsatr atnysd p ecsioficcfi ocarelas n pdol tiicaatclo rWsh?a lto ntge-rm three vitaloifms eadtiieIovsnal lafi mniacin acplrc aticIents h.pe a sdte cade potliiciamlp aacrtpesh enomeecnooanmli gcr ohwr tatlkeiesl tyoh avWeh?a t ors ot,h aepp eatloM uslidme ciiomsna-keorfas l tetrinvtaeots h Wea shgitnon palndso t hCeh inheasvete oe xpatnrdaa dneid n vestimnte hcneot u tnriaensd Consuesne,ss pelcltiyh aoasrei siintn hgde e vleopgiw norlhdag,sr owanpc ae. reogniusn dceorn saitdnie?Wor iltlh Ceh inesseeet kom ake atdhoiep otonf thier dmebolyd evleoipncgo urnitaef so irgepnoi lcoybe jcvtei? Thep redomionfaa nucteh origtoavreirnantnmse e,se pciailntl hyMe u slim Ther oloeft hCeh inemosdee ilnL aitnA mericaan dAf irciast heenv al heartloafWn esdtsA siaan dN ortAhfr ichaa,cs o ntritbotu htpeea dir ctur la appeoaftl h Ceh inmeosdee tlh,ae t ttriaoocnfw hichhab se efunr thuenrd er uatiendt eromfsb otthh ied eatainodmn aatrlei lba aessf oirst e xigsa tnidn potenatttircaatli veHnowe msusc.ih ks n owanb otuhtme o deTlow? h aetx tent pninebdy b urogneitnrga adnedi nvestbmewetenetmn o sMtu sl-immajority countarniCdeh si na. doi ncumbeelnihtta evsae c onscsitaortuestg oyl a ermno raebo uitat n d to Ino rdteorg aipne rspeocntt hireve eil vaaett ttriavecesansn di mpaocft s adoip?ttW hicpho tliicaaclt owrihsti snt actoesnsi rdientgh meo deslpu port develnotpm moedleisn t hMeu sliwmo rladne,ds pelcloiyft a hCeh inmeosdee l, ando ppois?tWe h ahta bse etnh pea ttoeftr rnda ei,n vestamnedhn utm an iitas p proptroci oamtpear reec epttiotv hiamttoy d eilno hterre giToont sh.i s movemebnewtte eCnh iana ndt hree giaonndcs o urnitiensq ueisotnW?h at endt,hb eo oikn cdlesuse rpaacthea potnet rhCseh inmeosdeie lnL atAimner ica liknageexsi asntda, r lei kteole yvo l,vb eetwetehnim so vmeenatn dp oliicatl andA fricbao,to hfw hicihn ditchaatcteo ncepranirsct utloat rh orseeg si on iflnuecnei,n cluidmilpnegm entoaftt hiCeoh ni nmeosdee Tlh?e" fitb"e tween shappeer cenpsot fti homeo dealn dt hlei elkihooofid tp lianyags ginificant theC hinemsoeed lL,a tAimne craina ndA frciane conomciaents h ebne roilnet hfeo rlmautainoidnm pmlenetatoifdo enev lpomenstt rgaiteBesyd. o gi n assebsysa sekdi itnfhg e asdoep tspe orsstehksese e yl enmtegso,v ernmaenndt al - 6- DEVELOPMMEONDTE LISN M USLICMO NTEXTS INTROUDCTIOTNH:E L UREO FD EVELOPMENMTO DELS non-goverhnummeanantn apdlh ,yc saitlh,ah ta vceo ntritbotu htseeu dc cess 407m illiforonm1 990t o2 00m4o,r et ha1n 05m illimoonr et hahna dp reviously oft hCeh inmeosdele I.tf h edyo tnc,'a tnh ebyed evleopweidts hu fifiechnats te beetnh ougthoht a vbee etnh ec as"eC.h iani sP oortehra wne t hougbhutnt,o l ess andt horonuegsthsoe nabtlheme o dlet of nuctiionnn e ws eitnt?gW shaatr e succesisntf huefil g hatg aipnosvte yr"tW,o rlBda nkW orkiPnagp e4r62 1c,ie tdi n TheE conotm2,i2 Ms ay2 080. thlei lkyke eoyb sctlateoss ucscfeiusmlp lnetmaoetni? 4·T hea uthoorft heo rigiWnaaslhi ngtCoonn sensiusas m ongt hosweh oh ave Thes ecopnador tft hbeo oikds e vottoMe udsi lm-jmoarciotuyn tarnitdeh se workeodnr efiniintSg.e eP edro-PKaubclzoy nsaknidJ ohnW illiamAsftoent,rh e rloepl ayed twhieotmfth hiCenh inaesos pep otsooe tdh (enirc ludwihnaagtr e Wa shinCgotnosne nRsetusasr:tG irnogwa tnhRd fe ormi nL atAimne riWcaasi,hn gt,o n assutmoeb deI lsam)im codleosfd evleompenTth.ei nicthiaatplei rn svitegates DC:I nsttuitfeo Irn ternatEicooonnmailc 2s0,0 S3e.ea slot hech aptbeyCr l ement thsea me osfqe uttesis olnissa tbeodwv ietr he gtaort dhA er awbo ralsadw hole. Henriyn t hivso lume. Thes ubseqcuheanpdtto eerss ow itrhe gatroAd l gerItia al.sd oi scutshsee s 5·S eef,o erx amp,lB eetetrG overnfaonDrce ev elopimnte hnMetid dlEeas tan dN orth appeaandlde groefae d optiinAo lng earniidanN , o rtAhfr imcoar gee rnea,lo lfy Africaan dC laimtihnFegu t:uC rheoosPirnogs lJjelrtlihrtMe yi ddElaetsa ndN orth "Ilsaimcfi"n ancmiodaellT sh.en exttw coh apptreorvsai c doem pareavtailvue AfricWaa,s hingtoDC:n ,W orlBda n,k2 00a3n d1 995r,e spectively. atioofpn u tatmiovdleews i tIhls amliesatn aisnt ghseh ya vdee vleopuendd er twoIl samigosvtem renn-tIsr aann dTu rke-yf lolowbeyad n a ssessomf ent thlea cokfs uccoefMs asly asiflae'dsg ldienvlgeo pmesnttaaatnleod f P akistan's qua-sdmieocramtoidcoe fld evleopment. The bofionkap'las ri tsd evottoet dhc ee ntroafgl oivteyr ntaodn ecvlee opmewnhta,t etvhemero dleg uidiitTn.hg efi rcshta pitnte hrsi esc tairognu es thagto verniaksne ctyeo e conogmriocw itllhut,sr attihnaegr m geunwti tthh e casoefP aikstTahnes. e cocnhda ptthener c onttehsrete sil oantsahrigpu,i ng thatthW ea shinCgotnosne hnasssut str cehtehdce o cnepotfg overntaonoc e faorv,e rsittaistm epdo rtfaodnrec vee loapnmfdea lniettd oa ppretchiaiattt ei s morlei lkyte ob et hper odtuhcattn h cea uosfee c onodmveiecl opment. Thec onclufsoiscoueonsn t hlei lkyce hoiocfMe uss ilm-jmoarciotuyn tries forma montgh dee velopmmoednealtvs lab ailteot hme.I ta drdesdsieeffsr ent persvpeeiscn,tc ilutdhien gi mopfta hceatip rp recoifat thiiemo pno rtoafn ce govern,wa intchaeinnbd e twceoeunn tarnirdee isgo ,na ssw elalst hiem plica tiofnorsme videpnrcoev iadbeodLu att Aimne riacnadA frciaT.h eb ooikn, sums,e etkoas d rdeisnsac omparfraatmieovwrehk o wa nidn w hawta yasle tr natimvoed eolfds e vleopmeanntde,p s eicaltlhyCe h ineosneea ,r lei lkyte o affect cahbooiducetevl seo pmsetnrta tientg hiMeeu ss lwiomr .l d NOTES 1.J ohnW illiam(sedo.)nL, a tin AmAedrjtiumcsneatHn:o wM uchash HappenWaesdh? ingtoDnC,:I nsttuitfeo Irn ternatiEocnoanloi mcs1,99 0s,e ees pieacllCyh apt2e.r Thet enc ommandmeanrtefis s cdali sciep,pl rionppeurb leixcp endiptruirtoeir eis, tarxe fotromb roadtehner evenbuaes lei,b eraliinstienrrgea st,te smaa rkedte-ter minede xchanrgaet ter,a ldie bleirsaatFiDoIln i,b aeilrsatiporni,v atisdaerteigoun, latiaonndp roperrgithyt s. 2.J oshCuoao peRra moT,h eB eijiCnogn se,nL soundsoTnh:e F oreiPgonl iCceyn tre, May2 004. 3.A ccordtiona 2g 0 0W7 orlBda nrke potrhtne,u mbeorfp ooirn Chfienblayl a lmost - H- CHAPTER I A ChinMao deolrJ uts Bar okMeonu ld? WILLIAHM URST INTRODUCTIAO NNE:W EASTA SIAMNO DEL? Ihta bse cofmaeso hnialbei nr eceynetat roas r gtuheaC thi niasf lo olwinag "uinqumeod elo"fr aipdd evleopme-notn et haetsh cewdse moacitrsant io orm enainuglfp oilitcaolpe niwnhigel rackliipn wgo r-lbdeiantgeo cnomic growrtaht Leesa.gv a isniodbev ipoauarsl lweihltt sh dee babteetsnw S eaemuel Hunntgitaonnd mtohdene iarstnit oehoirsotfts h e9 60ist,u siestfu orl e view I thme orree ceEnatsA ts ni daevpemleontsaattlpe a radbiegfmoa rsess iensg specairfigcu maebonutttsh Ceh inmao dleI.d eaabosu attl ertniaAvsei daenv el opmepnatt hsd otn hoahttu cel osteoEl uryo peoarNn o trhA merainec xpe riehnacvele no ge njoayr eeda aduyd ieinnac ceam dieacn pdo ilccyi lrecTsh.e cruretnatol fka" Chimnoad le"la rgmeirlryot rhsde i usscns iooJpfaa nK,o rea, anTda iwatnw enyteyaa rgso . Durgit nh1e9 80ssc,h osluacrahssC hlamseJ rohnsaonndA licAem sden popuilsaetrdh ceo ncoefpa tn" EaAssti amno dle"T.h'e seea rplryo ponents contenthdaestdt astuecsah sJ apanS oauntKdho reexae rcgiudsiaendac ned disciopvlrepi rniev fiamrtsoe r ganiinstpeood wr efliu dnustgrrioautlph sr ough as eotfi nstitaurtriaomnneganeltt hsa tth easueht orcsa mteoc haracatse rise th"ed elvoepmesntteaa"tlB. y i nvteisnhge aiyvlb otihni nfsrtarucatnudr e eduicoanat,sw elalsp rotescutnisanengdts uinsrsee ocrttsh,se t aptreo vided thfeuo ndatfiroeo cnno omidce veloaplmoenngtws niiddoegw u idaonntc hee priescceo ntoouft rrsaa dnegd r owth. Latoebrs ersvuecarhsRs ob,e Wratd aen Sdet phHeang gaarddv,a nsciemdi lar argumreengtasr tdhicena gso efTs ai waHno,n Kgo nagn dS ingrae2pE. oven taul,lt yhWeo rlBda ncko diwfiheadht a db ecotmhece o nventwiiosndaolm , pliancigti smp irmatounar no fifcieaxlap nlatoifto hn"e E aAssti mainar claen"d - 13- DEVELOPMEMNOTD ELSI NM USLIMC ONTEXTS A CHINAM ODELO RJ UST A BROKENM OULD? takiinntg h rmeoer Seo uthAesaiscatan s -eIsn dosniMeaa,al yisaan Tdh ialnad. partrilccyuo lpmaatiwbihlt ed emoactripcl uraSltirsomnn.og nd,-e mocirca t Speclilfisycu,ac celsasitfuneld t ursisaewlreisr see eansd ogit netnhn igwse ll: staptuerss tuhemedi oxf p oilciiedse ntbiytfi heWedo rlBda nk sauncdsc fuelsly pilotthieesrdo icettiove esrh yi grha toefes c onogmriotcwhr ,e ducitnsi cooinlas adhertiosn ogm e proif"n schiapgrlreeod w (tthh"ia sbt,e negfi twaii nde ineaqluiatnyd tvliayms procvoimntpgie etp iovsiiotnisnt hweo rmladr tk.e • segmoefns to cyi)e t Howevoevret,rh lea tseton rfi feteyne a,tr hsweo rhladgs r uaadlbleyg tuon provisdtianrbgel lgeauo triyn stnistt uopt rioomobtues iness heaalr o lte asbso tuhtEe a sAts imaoned lT.hi usn odubt,ei drslel aeytdt oJp aasn ' • relgyo indn eilberaptoilvcieocr -ydon iaticoonuc nils econosmliocw dtohwabnte gaarno u1n9d9 a2n, dt ot hdee baocftl heAe s ian • invienshgte vaiilnyh umacna pidteavllpeo men(tep secliypa rlimaanrdy finacnicarli tshiaustn f olidn1e 9d9 7-1e99ng8u,l finnega arlltlyh oet heecro n • seocndaerdcyua tion) omitehsa t bheaehdne ludpa sp aragooftn hsme o devlri'tsu Neesev.r tlheess, proviidnicnegn tisvaevsia nnfgidosn r v estment liakp eh oneifxr om thoeft haacstrh iefssrni ezsi,te adol fakC hina mboedgeanl • ensurgti hnflee xiitboyifl l abomuarr kets evebne fomraer kientS seu olo rB ankgokh adr eturto nneodr mSaulc.th a lk • selievceitlnytv eerngii nnc paiatlma rkets wabsa siendp ,a rotnC, h isns ata'edryse oeln votto d evaluceu rnricetdysu ring • agegsrsiivmeployr ftoirnegti egcnhl noogy thcer iisbs,ui tat l bseoat yreadd eepceornc vtiiaomno nsgo mteh aCth inwaa s • protmiogan npdor teicnstgp eciinufidsct ries indeaen de wr egional ecpooinltoimpcioacwl ew arihn t dda it sicntidveeev l • miixnmga rtkr-eifnedlayn idtn eernvtiopnoilsittcob i oeoses xtp orts3 opmnetm odler eafdoyer x opr.t • Eacohft htee dne sidweartsah toau tgobh rtgi s npecbiefincte sFfi.oe rx apmle, WHAT IST HE CHIMNOAD EL? 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