Development Administration: From Underdevelopment to Sustainable Development

178 Pages·1994·6.77 MB·English

by  O. P. Dwivedi

Development
Administration
From Underdevelopment to Sustainable
Development
O. P. Dwivedi
INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY SERIES
General Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Professor of Political Science and Inter
national Development Studies, and Director of the Centre for Foreign Policy
Studies, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
Recent titles include:
Manuel R. Agosin and Diana Tussie (editors)
TRADE AND GROWTH: NEW DILEMMAS IN TRADE POLICY
Mahvash Alerassool
FREEZING ASSETS: THE USA AND THE MOST EFFECTIVE
ECONOMIC SANCTION
Robert Boardman
POST-SOCIALIST WORLD ORDERS: RUSSIA, CHINA AND THE
UN SYSTEM
Richard P. C. Brown
PUBLIC DEBT AND PRIVATE WEALTH
John Calabrese
REVOLUTIONARY HORIZONS: REGIONAL FOREIGN POLICY
IN POST-KHOMEINI IRAN
Jerker Carlsson, Gunnar Kohlin and Anders Ekbom
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF EVALUATION
Edward A. Comor (editor)
THE GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY OF COMMUNICATION
Steen Folke, Niels Fold and Thyge Enevoldsen
SOUTH SOUTH TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
Anthony Tuo-Kofi Gadzey
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF POWER
Betty J. Harris
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN PERIPHERY
Jacques Hersh
THE USA AND THE RISE OF EAST ASIA SINCE 1945
Bahgat Korany, Paul Noble and Rex Brynen (editors)
THE MANY FACES OF NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE ARAB WORLD
Howard P. Lehman
INDEBTED DEVELOPMENT
Matthew Martin
THE CRUMBLING FA<;ADE OF AFRICAN DEBT NEGOTIATIONS
Paul Mosley (edilor)
DEVELOPMENT FINANCE AND POLICY REFORM
Tony Porter
STATES, MARKETS AND REGIMES IN GLOBAL FINANCE
Stephen P. Riley (edilor)
THE POLITICS OF GLOBAL DEBT
Alfredo C. Robles, Jr
FRENCH THEORIES OF REGULATION AND CONCEPTIONS OF
THE INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOUR
Ann Seidman and Robert B. Seidman
STATE AND LAW IN THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Timothy M. Shaw and Julius Emeka Okolo (edilors)
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FOREIGN POLICY IN ECOWAS
Frederick Stapenhurst
POLITICAL RISK ANALYSIS AROUND THE NORTH ATLANTIC
Deborah Stienstra
WOMEN'S MOVEMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Larry A. Swatuk and Timothy M. Shaw (edilors)
THE SOUTH AT THE END OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Arno Tausch (with Fred Prager)
TOWARDS A SOCIO-L1BERAL THEORY OF WORLD DEVELOPMENT
Nancy Thede and Pierre Beaudet (editors)
A POST-APARTHEID SOUTHERN AFRICA?
Peter Utting
ECONOMIC REFORM AND THIRD-WORLD SOCIALISM
Sandra Whitworth
FEMINISM AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Development
Administration
From Underdevelopment to
Sustainable Development
o. P. Dwivedi
Professor of Public and Environmental Administration
Department of Political Studies
University of Guelph
© O. P. Dwivedi 1994
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of
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the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patcnts Act 1988,
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Any person who docs any unauthorised act in relation to this
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claims for damages.
First published in Oreat Britain 1994 by
MACMILLAN PI{ESS LTD
Houndmills, BasingslOke, Hampshire R021 2XS
nnd London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 0-333-56618-1
10 9 8 7 6
03 02 01 00
Printed in Oreat Britain by
Antony Rowe Ltd
Chippcnham, Wiltshire
First published in the United States of America 1994 by
Scholarly and Reference Division,
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
175 Fifth Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 0-312-12111-3
Library of Congress Cataloging-in· Publication Data
Dwivcdi, O. P.
Dcvelopment administration: from underdevelopmcnt to sustainable
developmcnt I O. P. Dwivcdi.
p. cm. - (International political economy series)
Includes index.
ISBN 0-312-12111-3
I. Developing countries-Economic policy. 2. Sustainable
development-Developing countries. I. Title. II. Series.
HC59.7.D92 1994
338.9'0091 72'4--dc20 93-48284
CIP
To Archana and Prateek
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Contents
List ofA cronyms ix
Preface xi
1 The First Four Decades of Development Theory and
Administration 1
The Concept of Development Administration 1
The Administration of Underdevelopment: Theory-Building 4
The First Three Decades of Development: 1950 to 1970 8
The Fourth Decade of Development: The 1980s 13
Concluding Observations 17
2 Development Administration in the Fifth Decade 25
The Four Decades of Disappointments 25
The Fifth Decade: The 1990s - Dilemma and Responses 28
Challenges Facing Development Administration in the
Twenty-First Century 35
Conclusion 38
3 Bureaucratic Morality, Corruption and Accountability 43
Introduction 43
Administrative Culture and Morality 45
The Cultural Context of Bureaucratic Morality 47
Bureaucratic Corruption: A Colonial Legacy? 50
The Impact of Political Corruption 51
An Accountability Perspective 53
The Moral Dimension of Public-Sector Management 58
Administrative Theology 59
Emerging Challenges 63
4 Science, Technology Transfer and Underdevelopment 69
The Technological Imperative: An Introduction 69
Technology: Its Meaning, Nature, and Significance 70
vii
viii Contents
The Context of Science and Technology 72
Concluding Remarks 81
Postscript: Emergent Issues 83
5 Environment and Development 93
Introduction 93
Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development
(ESSD) 94
An Institutional Framework for Protecting the Environment 97
A Policy Framework for Environmental Protection 99
Action Plan for ESSD 105
The Jurisdictional Aspect of Institutional Arrangements for
Environmental Administration 113
Accountable Management. Consultation and Co-optation
for Protecting the Environment 120
Training of Administrators for ESSD 121
Necessary Ingredients for Effective Environmental
Administration 124
A Third World Perspective 127
Conclusion 130
6 When Means and Ends are at Variance: Administration
for Sustainable Development 135
International Inducement for Administrative Reforms 135
Organizing to Govern 139
Specific Issues 140
Administration to Manage Common Interests and The
Common Good 146
Select Bibliography 151
Index 157
List of Acronyms
ASPA American Society for Public Administration
BCCI Bank of Credit and Commerce International
CAG Comparative Administration Group
CFCs Chloroft uorocarbons
EC European (Economic) Community
EE Eastern Europe
ECLAC (UN) Economic Commission for Latin America (and the
Caribbean)
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
ENGOs Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations
ESSD Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development
FSU Former Soviet Union
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GOP Gross Domestic Product
GNP Gross National Product
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(World Bank)
IFIs International Financial Institutions (IBRD and 1M F)
ILO International Labour Office/Organization
IMF International Monetary Fund
IPC Integrated Pollution Control
LDCs Less Developed Countries
MD Doctor of Medicine
MNCs Multinational Corporations
NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations
NICs Newly Industrialising Countries
NIEO New International Economic Order
NPDP National Physical Development Plan
N-S North-South
ODA Overseas Development Agency (UK)
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
QNQC Quality Assurance/Quality Control
R&D Research & Development
SAPs Structural Adjustment Programmes
SD Sustainable Development
ix