Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence PDF
Preview Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence
8.937 × 11.125 SPINE: 1.875 FLAPS: 0 BERGER The Developing Person Through www.macmillanhighered.com Childhood and Tenth Adolescence Edition WORTH PUBLISHERS WORTH Kathleen StassenBerger Cover photograph: Maria Abalos/Getty Images The Developing Person Through Tenth Childhood and Adolescence Edition Highlights of the Science of 1879 First experimental 1905 Max Weber (1864–1920), psychology laboratory the founder of sociology, writes Human Development established in Leipzig, Germany. The Protestant Work Ethic, As evident throughout this textbook, much more research and about human values and adult 1885 Sigmund Freud (1856– work. appreciation of the brain, social context, and the non-Western world has 1939) publishes Studies on expanded our understanding of human development in the twenty-first Hysteria, one of the frst works 1905 Alfred Binet’s (1857–1911) century. This timeline lists a few highlights of the past. establishing the importance of intelligence test published. the subconscious and marking 200,000–50,000 BCE 1650–1800 European the beginning of the theories of 1907 Maria Montessori (1870– With their large brains, long philosophers like John Locke psychoanalytic theory. 1952) opens her frst school in period of child development, (1632–1704) and Jean-Jacques Rome. and extensive social and family Rousseau (1712–1778) debate support, early humans were whether children are born as able to sustain life and raise “blank slates” children more effectively than and how much other primates. control parents should take in c. 400 BCE In an- raising them. cient Greece, ideas 1797 First European vaccina- about children from tion: Edward Jenner (1749–1823) philosophers like publicizes smallpox inoculation, Plato (c. 428–348 1895 Ivan Pavlov building on vaccination against BCE) and Aristo- (1849–1936) tle (384–322 BCE) infuenced smallpox in Asia, the Middle begins research HARVEY WATTS PHOTOGRAPHY/GETTY IMAGES East, and Africa. further thoughts about children. on dogs’ salivation 1913 John B. Watson (1878– Plato believed children were 1750–1850 Beginning of response. 1958) publishes Psychology As born with knowledge. Aristotle Western laws regulating child the Behaviorist Views It. believed children learn from labor and protecting the rights experience. of children. | | | | | | | | | 5 0| ,| 000 BCE 40| 0 | |B C| E| | | | 0| | | | | | | | | 5| 0| 0 | | | | | | | | 1 |0 | 0 0| | | | | | | | 1 |5 |0 0 16|50 | | | | | | | | | 170|0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 140 BCE In China, imperial 1900 Compulsory schooling for 1920 Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934) examinations are one of the frst children is established for most develops sociocultural theory in times cognitive testing is used children in the United States the former Soviet Union. on young people. and Europe. 1923 Jean Piaget (1896–1980) 500–1500 During the Middle publishes The Language and Ages in Europe, many adults Thought of the Child. believed that children were miniature adults. 1837 First kindergarten opens in Germany, part of a movement to teach young children before they entered the primary school 1903 The term “gerontology,” system. the branch of developmental 1933 Society for science devoted to studying Research on Child aging, frst coined. Development, 1859 Charles Darwin (1809– the preeminent 1882) publishes On the Origin organization for of Species, sparking debates research on child about what is genetic and what development, 1100–1200 First universities is environmental. founded. founded in Europe. Young people pay to be educated 1939 Mamie together. (1917–1983) and Kenneth Clark (1914–2005) receive their research grants to study race in early childhood. JGI/JAMIE GRILL/GETTY IMAGES SCALA/ART RESOURCE, NY ©2016 MACMILLAN RALF HETTLER/GETTY IMAGES NICHOLAS VEASEY/GETTY IMAGES ©2016 MACMILLAN ©2016 MACMILLAN RALF HETTLE/GETTY IMAGES FUSE/GETTY IMAGES AGENCY ANIMAL PICTURE/GETTY IMAGES ©2016 MACMILLAN 1943 Abraham Maslow (1908– 1957 Harry Harlow (1905– 1979 Urie Bronfenbrenner 1990 The United 1970) publishes A Theory of 1981) publishes Love in Infant (1917–2005) publishes his work Nations treaty Motivation, establishing the Monkeys, describing his on ecological systems theory. Convention on the hierarchy of needs. research on attachment in Rights of the Child rhesus monkeys. 1986 John Gottman (b. 1942) in effect, requiring 1950 Erik Erikson founded the “Love Lab” at the the best interests (1902–1994) University of Washington to of children be expands on Freud’s study what makes relationships considered. theory to include work. Children are social aspects no longer of personality 1987 Carolyn Rovee–Collier considered development with the ©2016 MACMILLAN (1942–2014) shows that even solely the publication of Childhood and young infants can remember in possession of Society. her classic mobile experiments. their parents. Currently all 1951 John Bowlby (1907–1990) UN nations publishes Maternal Care and have signed on, Mental Health, except Somalia, one of his frst 1961 The morning sickness drug South Sudan, and TONGRO/GETTY IMAGES works on the thalidomide is banned after the United States. importance of children are born with serious parent–child birth defects, calling attention attachment. to the problem of teratogens 1993 Howard Gardner (b. 1943) MONKEY BUSINESS IMAGES/SHUTTERSTOCK during pregnancy. publishes Multiple Intelligences, 1953 Publication of the a major new understanding frst papers describing 1961 Alfred Bandura (b. 1925) of the diversity of human DNA, our genetic conducts the Bobo Doll experi- intellectual abilities. Gardner blueprint. ments, leading to the develop- has since revised and expanded ment of social learning theory. his ideas in many ways. | | | | | 18|00 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 190|0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20|0 0 | | | 1965 Head Start, an early- 1990–Present New brain 1994 Steven Pinker (b. 1954) childhood-education program, imaging technology allows publishes The Language launched in the United States. pinpointing of brain areas Instinct, focusing attention involved in everything on the interaction between 1965 Mary from executive function to neuroscience and behavior, ANYAIVANOVA/ISTOCK/THINKSTOCK Ainsworth Alzheimer’s disease. helping developmentalists 1953 B.F. Skinner (1904–1990) (1913–1999) understand the need for conducts experiments on starts using physiological understanding as rats and establishes operant the “Strange part of human growth. These conditioning. Situation” themes continue in his later to measure work, such as How the Mind 1955 Emmy Werner (b. 1929) attachment. Works in 1997. begins her Kauai study, which focuses on the power of 1966 Diana Baumrind (b. 1928) 1995–Present Onward. There resilence. publishes her frst work on are many more discoveries and parenting styles. research chronicled in this book. 1972 Beginning of the Dunedin, BARIS SIMSEK/GETTY IMAGES New Zealand, study—one of the frst longitudinal studies to 1990 Barbara Rogoff (b. 1950) include genetic markers. publishes Apprenticeship in Thinking, making developmen- talists more aware of the signif- cance of culture and context. Rogoff provided new insights and appreciation of child–rear- ing in Latin America. 1956 K. Warner Schaie’s (b. 1928) Seattle Longitudinal Study of Adult Intelligence begins. TETRA IMAGES/GETTY IMAGES DONNA DAY/EXACTOSTOCK-1598/SUPERSTOCK DIGITAL VISION VECTORS/GETTY IMAGES MARTIN ROGERS/GETTY IMAGES ©2016 MACMILLAN FOTOSEARCH/FOTOSEARCH/SUPERSTOCK BLEND IMAGES/BLEND IMAGES/SUPERSTOCK this page left intentionally blank The Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence MARIA ABALOS/GETTY IMAGES TENTH EDITION The Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence Kathleen Stassen Berger Bronx Community College City University of New York A Macmillan Education Imprint New York Publisher: Rachel Losh Credit is given to the following sources for permission to use the photos indicated: Associate Publisher: Jessica Bayne Brief Contents and other Silhouettes in order of appearance Developmental Editors: Tom Churchill and Andrea Musick Page Lane Oatey/Getty Images Assistant Editor: Catherine Michaelsen © John Lund/Annabelle Breakey/Blend Images/Corbis Executive Marketing Manager: Katherine Nurre George Doyle/Getty Images Supplements and Media Editor: Lauren Samuelson © Vinicius Ramalho Tupinamba/Istockphoto Director, Content Management Enhancement: Tracey Kuehn Managing Editor: Lisa Kinne Mark Anderson/Getty Images Production Editor: Betsy Draper, TSI evolve, Inc. Lane Oatey/Blue Jean Images/Getty Images Project Liaison: Janice Stangel Interior and Cover Design: Blake Logan Contents in order of appearance Photo Editors: Cecilia Varas and Bianca Moscatelli Photo Researcher: Jacqui Wong Lane Oatey/Getty Images Art Manager: Matthew McAdams ©2016 Macmillan Illustrations: Todd Buck Illustrations, MPS Limited, TSI evolve, Inc., Evelyn Pence Marilyn Nieves/Vetta/Getty Images Production Managers: Stacey Alexander and Barbara Seixas ©2016 Macmillan Composition: TSI evolve, Inc. Zhang Bo/Getty Images Printing and Binding: RR Donnelley © John Lund/Annabelle Breakey/Blend Images/Corbis Cover Photograph: Maria Abalos/Getty Images ©2016 Macmillan Jose Luis Pelaez, Inc/Blend Images/Getty Images Library of Congress Preassigned Control Number: 2015933599 ©2016 Macmillan ISBN-13: 978-1-4641-7595-4 © Vinicius Ramalho Tupinamba/Istockphoto ISBN-10: 1-4641-7595-0 Claudia Dewald/Getty Images ISBN-13: (ppbk.) 978-1-4641-7735-4 ISBN-10: (ppbk.) 1-4641-7735-X ©2016 Macmillan ISBN-13: (LL) 978-1-4641-7734-7 Marcus Lindstrom/Getty Images ISBN-10: (LL) 1-4641-7734-1 George Doyle/Getty Images GM Visuals/Getty Images Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2009, 2003 by Worth Publishers ©2016 Macmillan All rights reserved. WMay/Getty Images Mark Anderson/Getty Images Printed in the United States of America Hola Images Rf/Getty Images First printing Aldo Murillo/Getty Images Worth Publishers Anna Wehmeyer-Germany/Getty Images 41 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10010 Lane Oatey/Blue Jean Images/Getty Images www.worthpublishers.com ©2016 Macmillan About the Author Kathleen Stassen Berger received her undergraduate education at Stanford Univer - sity and Radcliffe College, then earned an MAT from Harvard University and an MS and PhD from Yeshiva University. Her broad experience as an educator includes directing a pre- school, serving as chair of philosophy at the United Nations International School, and teach- ing child and adolescent development to graduate students at Fordham University in New York and undergraduates at Montclair State University in New Jersey and Quinnipiac Unive-r sity in Connecticut. She also taught social psychology to inmates at Sing Sing Prison who were earning their paralegal degrees. Currently, and for most of her professional career, Berger is a professor at Bronx Com- munity College of the City University of New York, where she began as an adjunct in Eng- lish and for the past decades has been a full professor in the Social Sciences department, which includes sociology, economics, anthropology, political science, human services, and psychology. She has taught introduction to psychology, child and adolescent development, adulthood and aging, social psychology, abnormal psychology, and human motivation. Her students—who come from many ethnic, economic, and educational back- grounds and who have a wide range of ages and interests—consistently honor her with the highest teaching evaluations. Berger is also the author of The Developing Person Through the Life Span and Invitation to the Life Span. Her developmental texts are currently being used at more than 700 colleges and universities worldwide and are avail- able in Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese, as well as English. Her research interests include adolescent identity, immigration, bullying, and grandparents, and she has published articles on developmental topics in the Wiley Encyclopedia of Psychology and in publications of the American Association for Higher Education and the National Education Association for Higher Education. She continues teaching and learning from her students as well as from her four daughters and three grandsons. ©2016 MACMILLAN
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